Intelligent manufacturing
An overview
Intelligent manufacturing deep in artificial intelligence research. Generally think that intelligence is the sum of knowledge and intelligence, the former is the basis of intelligence, the latter is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge to solve. Intelligent manufacturing should contain intelligent manufacturing technology and intelligent manufacturing system.
The intelligence technique of manufacture is refers using the computer simulation marks intelligent activities such as expert’s analysis, judgment, inference, idea and decision-making and so on, and fuses organically these intelligent activity and the intelligent machine, applies its penetration in entire manufacture enterprise’s each subsystem (e.g. management decision-making, purchase, product design, productive plan, manufacture, assembly, quality assurance and market sale and so on).Realizes the entire manufacture enterprise to manage the operation highly flexibility and integration, thus substitutes or extends in the manufacture environment expert’s partial mental labor, and carries on the collection, the memory, the consummation, sharing, the inheritance and the development of the manufacturing industry expert’s intelligent information, enhances the production efficiency enormously and the advanced technique of manufacture.
The intelligent manufacture system is refers based on IMT (intelligent manufacturing technology), by the computer synthesis application artificial intelligence technology (e.g. artificial neural networks, genetic algorithm and so on), the intelligence manufacture machine, the agent technology, the parallel projects, the life sciences and the systems engineering theory and the method, in the international standardization and interchangeable foundation, causes the entire enterprise to make each subsystem to intellectualize separately, and causes the manufacture system to form by the network integrates, the high automated one king of manufacture system.
Intelligent manufacturing system can not only in practice constantly enrich the knowledge base, have the function of self-learning, and collecting and understanding of environmental information and its information, analysis and judgment and the ability to plan their actions.
The basic principle
Starting from the essential feature of intelligent manufacturing system in distributed manufacturing network environment, according to the basic idea of distributed integration,In the application of distributed artificial intelligence theory and method of multi Agent system, realize flexible manufacturing unit of the intelligent and flexible manufacturing system based on network intelligent integration. According to the characteristics of the distribution system of isomorphism in a local area forms for realizing intelligent manufacturing system based on the actual also reflects the internet-based global manufacturing the realization of the intelligent manufacturing system model under the network environment.
The overall idea of distributed IMS network:
IMS is the essential characteristics of the individual manufacturing unit of "autonomy" and the system as a whole "self-organizing ability", its basic pattern is distributed more intelligent system. Based on this understanding, and considering the internet-based global manufacturing network environment, we put forward the Agent based distributed IMS network's basic idea, as shown in figure 1. On the one hand, through the Agent give autonomy to each manufacturing unit, making it a fully functional, autonomy, an independent entity; On the other hand, through the coordination and cooperation between the Agent, gives system self-organization ability.
Multi Agent system implementation pattern of the system is easy to design, implementation and maintenance, reduce the complexity of the system, enhance the system's restructuring, scalability and reliability, and improve the flexibility, adaptability and agility of the system.
Based on the above framework, combined with the CNC machining system, development and application of distributed network prototype system by system manager, mission planning, design and producers of four nodes.
Systems manager node including two database server, database server and Agent system is responsible for the management of the entire global database, available for access of nodes in the prototype system for data query, read, storage and retrieval operations, and for each node for data exchange and sharing, to provide a public system, the Agent is responsible for the system in the network and the external interaction, through the Web server on the Internet home page of the system, users can access online home page the information related to obtaining the system, and according to their own needs, to decide whether the system is to meet these requirements, the system of the Agent is also responsible for monitoring the interactions between the various nodes on prototype system, such as record and real-time display of sending and receiving messages between nodes, task execution, etc.
Mission planning nodes by the task manager and its Agent (task manager Agent), its main function is to task planning, from the Internet is decomposed into several subtasks, and then through the way of bidding, bidding to the task allocation of each node.
Design node by CAD tools and its proxy Agent (design), it provides a good man-machine interface so that designers can effectively and computer interaction, common to complete the design task. CAD tools to help design personnel according to user requirements for product design; Designed the Agent is responsible for online registration, cancellation registration, database management, interaction with other nodes, decide whether to accept the design task and submit a task to task the sender.
Producers node is actually the project research and development of an intelligent manufacturing system (intelligent manufacturing unit), including processing center and its network proxy Agent (machine). The intelligent adaptive machining center configuration. The CNC system is controlled by intelligent controller processing process, to give full play to the processing of automated processing equipment potential, improve processing efficiency; Have certain ability of self diagnose and self repair, in order to improve the processing the reliability and safety of the equipment operation; Have the ability to interact with the external environment; With open architecture to support the system integration and extension.
The prototype system work:
Every node in the system must be registered through the network, to become the formal member of the prototype system to obtain the corresponding privileges, to collaborate with other nodes in the system, common to complete the system task. The whole process of operation of the prototype system is as follows: (1) any network user can access the prototype system of the home page for information about the system, but also through the fill out and submit user order form provided by the system home page issued orders to the system; (2) if received and accept the network user's orders, Agent system is to be deposited in the global database, from the global database, mission planning nodes can take out the order, mission planning, the task decomposition into several subtasks, and assign these subtasks prototype system access nodes; (3) product design subtasks are assigned to design node, the node through good human-computer interaction to complete product design sub-tasks, generate the corresponding CAD/CAPP data and documents, and nc code, and these data and documents in the global database, finally submit the subtasks to mission planning nodes; (4) processing subtasks are assigned to producers, once the subtasks was accepted by the producers nodes, machine Agent will be allowed to read the necessary data from the global database, and to transfer the data to the processing center, processing center, according to these data and command to finish processing the subtasks, and the running status information transmitted to the machine Agent, machine Agent returns the result to the mission planning nodes, submit the subtask; (5) in the system during the running of the whole, the Agent is the interaction between the various nodes in the system for recording, such as message sending and receiving, a global database data read and write, query the node name, type, address, ability, and task completion, etc. (6) Network client can understand order execution and results.
The development
Intelligent manufacturing deep in artificial intelligence research. Artificial intelligence is the intelligence of implementation of using artificial method on the computer.Of complicated as the WanShanHua and the structure of the product performance and refinement, as well as the function of diversification, prompting a surge in product design information and process information contained, with internal information flow increase of production line and production equipment, manufacturing process and management information must also soared, a hotspot and frontier, and thus prompt the development of manufacturing technology to improve manufacturing system for the explosive growth of manufacturing information processing ability, efficiency and scale. At present, the advanced manufacture equipment left the information input cannot operate, flexible manufacturing system (FMS) once they are cut off the source of information will immediately cease to work. Expert thinks, the manufacturing system is driven by the original energy into information driven, this requires a flexible manufacturing system requires not only, but also show that the intelligent, otherwise it is difficult to deal with such a large amount of workload and complex information. Secondly, the complex environment of rapidly changing market demand and fierce competition, also called for the manufacturing system showed higher flexibility, agility and intelligence. Across the world, although the overall intelligent manufacturing was still in the stage of conceptual and experimental, but governments are included in the national development plans, this push to implement. In 1992 the implementation of new technology policy and support by the President said the key to the important technical (Critical Techniloty), including information technology and new manufacturing technology, ease of intelligent manufacturing technology, the U.S. government hopes the move to transform traditional industry and start a new industry.
Canada's 1994 ~ 1998 development strategy plan, think the future knowledge intensive industry is driving the global economy and Canada, the basis of economic development thought is very important to development and application of intelligent system, and put the specific research project selection for intelligent computer, man-machine interface, mechanical sensor, the robot control system integration, the new device, the dynamic environment.
Japan's in 1989, intelligent manufacturing system is proposed and launched in 1994, the advanced manufacturing international cooperation research projects, including the companies to integrate and global manufacturing, manufacturing knowledge system, distributed intelligent control system, rapid product realization of distributed intelligent system technology, etc.
Research of information technology in the European Union ESPRIT project, the project is funded by the market potential of information technology. 1994 and the start of the new R&D project, select the 39 core technologies, of which three (information technology, molecular biology and advanced manufacturing technology) are highlights the intelligent manufacturing location.
China at the end of the 80's will "intelligent simulation" the main issue in the national science and technology development planning, understanding has made a number of achievements in the expert system, pattern recognition, robotics, Chinese machine. Recently, the State Ministry of science and technology put forward formally "industrial intelligent engineering", as an important part of the innovation ability of technology innovation project construction, intelligent manufacturing will be an important content of the project.
Thus, the intelligent manufacturing is arising in the world, it is the development of manufacturing technology, especially the inevitable manufacturing development of information technology, is the result of the development of automation and integration technology in depth.
Integrated features
With the traditional manufacture system compares, IMS has following several characteristics:
(1) From organization ability
In the IMS, each kind of composition unit can according to the work duty need,
voluntarily build up one kind of ultra flexible best structure, and defers to the most superior way movement. Not only its flexibility displays in the movement way, but also displays in the structural style. After completing the task, this structure dismisses voluntarily, prepares in the next duty builds up a new kind of structure. The voluntarily organization ability is an IMS important symbol.
(2) Autonomy ability
IMS has the abilities such as collection and the understanding the environmental
information and own information, and carries on the analysis to judge and to plan own behavior ability. The powerful knowledge library and based on the knowledge model is the autonomy ability foundation. IMS can act according to the environment and own work condition information to carries on the monitor and processing, and according to the processing finally self-adjusting control strategy, uses the best movement plan. This kind of autonomy ability causes the entire manufacture system to have the anti jamming, auto-adapted and fault-tolerant and so on.
(3) The ability of self-study and maintenance
IMS can take the original expert knowledge as the foundation, in reality carries on the study unceasingly, the perfect system knowledge library, and deletes the unsuitable knowledge in the storehouse, causes the knowledge library to hasten reasonably. At the same time, it also can carry on the self-diagnosis, the elimination and repairing to the system failure. The kind of character enables IMS to optimize and to adapt to each kind of complex circumstances.
(4) Entire manufacture system intelligent integration
While IMS emphasized each subsystem intellectualization, pays great attention to the entire manufacture system the intelligent integration. This is the basic difference between IMS and “the intellectualized isolated” which specially applied in the manufacture process. IMS contains each subsystem, and integrates them in a whole, realizes the whole intellectualization.
(5) Man-machine integration intelligence system
IMS is not a pure the artificial intelligence the system, but is the man-machine integration intelligence system, is one kind of mix intelligence. On the one hand, the man-machine integration prominent person’s core status in manufacture system, simultaneously under the intelligent machine coordination, well has displayed human’s potential, causes between the man-machine to display one kind of equality to work together as colleagues,“understands” mutually, cooperates mutually relations, causes them to reveal respectively in the different level, complements each other. Therefore, in IMS, the high quality, the high intelligent person will play a better role, the machine intelligence and human’s wisdom integration of machinery Mechatronics issue can integrate truly in together.
In summary, we may view IMS as one kind of pattern, it is the collection of automation, flexibility, integration and intellectualization in a body, and unceasingly to depth development advanced manufacture system.
(6) Virtual reality
This technology supports the realization hypothesized manufacture, also realizes one of high level man-machine integration. The man-machine union is a new generation of intelligent contact surface, causes the available hypothesized method with intelligent performance into reality, it is a dominant character of intelligent manufacture.
Future development
1、Artificial intelligence technology.
Since the goal of IMS is computer simulation of intelligence activities of manufacturing human experts, partial mental labor to replace or extension of the people, so the artificial intelligence technology has become one of the key technology of IMS.IMS and artificial intelligence technology (expert system, artificial neural network, fuzzy logic) is closely related to.
2、Concurrent engineering.
In view of the manufacturing, concurrent engineering is an important technical method, used in IMS, will reduce the repetition blindness and the design of the product design.
3、Information network technology.
Information network technology is the process of manufacturing system and each link "intelligent" support. The information network is also the manufacturing information and knowledge flow channel.
4、The virtual manufacturing technology.
Virtual manufacturing technology can simulate the entire life cycle of product in the product design stage, thus the more effective, more economical, more flexible organization of production, the product development cycle is short, the product cost is the lowest, the optimal product quality, production efficiency is the highest assurance. At the same time, the virtual manufacturing technology is the prerequisite for the engineering realization of parallel.
5、Discipline construction.
Collect and understand the environment information and its information and analysis judgment and plan their behavior. Strong knowledge base and knowledge based model is the basis of self-discipline.
6、Man-machine integration.
Intelligent manufacturing system is not only the "artificial intelligence system, and human-machine intelligent system, is a kind of hybrid intelligent. Want to completely replace human intelligence artificial intelligence expert in manufacturing process, analysis, judgement, decision independently undertake the task, at present is not realistic. Humachine highlighted the core position in manufacturing system, combined with intelligent machines, better play of human potential, to achieve a kind of collaborative working relationship of equality, so that the two made at different levels, each other.
7、Self organization and super flexible.
To each unit in intelligent manufacturing systems can be based on task, form an optimal structure, the flexible displays not only operation mode, but also in the structure form, so that the flexible super flexible, similar to biological features, overall as a group of human experts.
Conclusion: nowadays, the research of intelligent manufacturing at home and abroad was still in the stage of concept formation and experimental exploration. In recent years, developed for the specific link, the specific problems in the process of manufacturing the "intelligent island", and "smart" machine for manufacturing environment full of research is still in its beginning stage. Intelligent manufacturing is a rich content, wide prospect area. In the era of social informatization, the new century of knowledge economization, vigorously carry out the research of intelligent manufacturing technology and system, will improve the overall level of manufacturing industry in our country, enhance the comprehensive national strength.
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