【英语】高考英语阅读理解(人物故事)专题训练答案及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解人物故事类
1．Directions: Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
When she was ten years old, Isadora Duncan dropped out of school to teach people dance. If that job was left to any other ten-year-old, it would have turned out frustrating, difficult, and a little discouraging.
But Duncan was different. Not only was she already talented enough to earn money even at that age, but she also had a rare kind of confidence that helped her treat troubles as fuel —something to elevate the fire that is already burning inside of her.
It's no surprise, then, that when she moved to New York to join a theatre company, she found herself restricted. The existing dancing style, their way of operating—all of this seemed to her the work of a misguided past. Duncan was very direct about what she wanted, confidently telling people she had a different vision of dance that she was going to spread in the world. This, naturally, led to ridicule and laughs early on, but as she built up her work, these instances became less frequent. Today, she is remembered as "The Mother of Dance," with much of the modern art owing its expressive style to her influence. Inspired by the ancient Greeks, she brought the style to life.
In her autobiography (自传), one of the things Duncan frequently refers to as the basis of her expressive spirit is the fact that she had a childhood where she wasn't constantly watched. The expectations of her mother (who raised her) were open-ended. It was the freedom of this lifestyle that drove her to see what she could do.
Growing up, before she left school, she was told one of two things: that she was either completely useless or that she was a genius. There was nothing in between. Even when she started working, people either bowed to her or they basically ignored her. But there wasn't one moment Duncan doubted her own genius.
There is an old quotation "if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid." And it captures an important truth. At school, Isadora Duncan was a failure. In the dance hall, she gave form to brilliance.
（1）What does the underlined phrase "treat troubles as fuel" mean?
A.Duncan used troubles to push her forward towards her dream.
B.Duncan was good at burning away everyday troubles.
C.Troubles turned Duncan into a confident girl.
D.Troubles lit the fire of dancing in Duncan.
（2）Which of the following is TRUE about Duncan?
A.Her experience in New York was the foundation of her career.
B.Her teaching job when she was little destroyed her confidence.
C.Her dancing style was not very well received at the beginning.
D.Her mother set higher expectation on her than she could bear.
（3）What does the author try to tell the readers in the last paragraph?
A.It is useless climbing a tree to catch fish.
B.Everybody is a genius in his own way.
C.Miseries come from human stupidity.
D.Teachers can impact students greatly.
（4）What is this passage mainly about?
A.Isadora Duncan's childhood and her achievements today.
B.Duncan's career development and other dancers' opinions of her.
C.Isadora Duncan's early experiences and the reasons for her success.
D.Duncan's high status in the dancing world and her unique expressive style.
【答案】 （1）A
（2）C
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，伊莎多拉·邓肯十岁时辍学去教别人跳舞，作者讲述了她的早期的经历以及其取得成功的原因。
（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Not only was she already talented enough to earn money even at that age, but she also had a rare kind of confidence”即使在那个年龄，她也有足够的天赋去挣钱，而且她还有一种罕见的自信；以及“something to elevate the fire that is already burning inside of her ”能让她心中燃烧的火焰更旺，可推测出划线部分的意思应为“用困难推动她向梦想前进”。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Duncan was very direct about what she wanted, confidently telling people she had a different vision of dance that she was going to spread in the world. This, naturally, led to ridicule and laughs early on, but as she built up her work, these instances became less frequent. ”可知，她自信地告诉人们她对舞蹈有不同的看法，她将在世界上传播。很自然，这在一开始就引起了人们的嘲笑和大笑，但随着她的工作越来越多，这样的事情就不那么频繁了。由此可知，她的舞蹈风格一开始不被人们接受。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid.”如果你以爬树的能力来判断一条鱼，它终其一生都会认为自己是愚蠢的。接着又指出在学校里，伊莎多拉·邓肯是个失败者。在舞厅里，她光彩夺目。由此可推断出，作者在最后一段想要告诉我们每个人都是独特的天才。故选B。
（4）考查主旨大意。伊莎多拉·邓肯十岁时辍学去教别人跳舞，文章主要介绍了她的经历以及所取得的成功。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
For most of her life, Suanne Laqueur's passion for storytelling was shown on the dance floor.
Although Laqueur began writing at a young age, dancing always took center stage. She majored in dance and theater at Alfred University and taught at her mother's dance studio in Croton-on-Hudson, New York, for years. But when her mother was ready to retire and an opportunity opened for Laqueur to take over the studio, she realized she had no interest in taking on the business side of her art: "Owning a studio is a lot of work—financially, logistically. I love the teaching, the choreographing(编舞), the staging, but I didn't want to own it."
Yet Laqueur's disinterest in running the studio changed when she became a self-published author. In the fall of 2013, she decided to pursue Self-publishing as a way of sharing her first completed novel with friends and family. During the process, she realized that following her true passion—telling stories through writing—made the business of the art worthwhile, and owning that business meant she could direct her writing career however she chose.
Starting with her second self-published novel, she began investing more time in marketing and building her audience. Her investment paid off. Since 2014, Laqueur, now 49, has self-published six novels, which collectively have hundreds of ratings and reviews on Goodreads. Her 2016 novel An Exaltation of Larks stole the show at the 25th Annual Writer's Digest Self-Published Book Awards, topping more than 2,300 entries to win the grand prize.
"You have to write the most truthful story to you, and I think self-publishing allows that freedom,' she says. "If you work with traditional publishing, it's more about what's marketable, There are trade-offs, which everyone will tell you, but by self-publishing I have control of the book, I have control of the story, and I'm cool with that."
（1）From Paragraph 2, we can learn that Laqueur _______.
A. was a part-time writer when she was young
B. didn't like teaching dancing in fact
C. wanted to own a publishing house
D. was interested in running her mother's studio
（2）What made Laqueur change her attitude to business?
A. Her mother's persuasion. B. The desire to make money.
C. Self-publishing her novels. D. Her own passion toward art.
（3）Which of the following can best replace the phrase "stole the show" in Paragraph 4?
A. became a failure. B. was shown to people.
C. got all the attention. D. was accidentally stolen.
（4）What can be inferred from what Laqueur's said?
A. Self-publishing will replace traditional publishing.
B. She will never use traditional publishing.
C. Traditional publishing only focuses on the market.
D. She enjoys the way of self-publishing.
【答案】 （1）A
（2）C
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，苏安妮·拉克尔大半生教舞蹈，设计舞蹈，在舞台表演，以舞蹈的形式讲述故事。后来，成为一名自主出版的作家，自费出版了自己的小说。2016年，她的小说《云雀的狂欢》在第25届《作家文摘》(Writer 's Digest)自出版图书奖上大出风头。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Although Laqueur began writing at a young age, dancing always took center stage. She majored in dance and theater at Alfred University and taught at her mother's dance studio in Croton-on-Hudson,”可知，跳舞始终是Laqueur的中心。她在阿尔弗雷德大学主修舞蹈和戏剧，并在她母亲的舞蹈工作室任教多年。可知，Laqueur是一个兼职作家。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Yet Laqueur's disinterest in running the studio changed when she became a self-published author. In the fall of 2013, she decided to pursue Self-publishing as a way of sharing her first completed novel with friends and family.”可知，当她成为一名自主出版 的 作家，想出版自己的小说时，改变了她对商业的态度。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Her 2016 novel An Exaltation of Larks stole the show at the 25th Annual Writer's Digest Self-Published Book Awards, topping more than 2,300 entries to win the grand prize.”可知“第25届年度作家文摘出版图书颁奖上，2300多篇作品获得了大奖”。可知，这是大出风头，吸引了所有人的关注，故选C。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段Laqueur所言“There are trade-offs, which everyone will tell you, but by self-publishing I have control of the book, I have control of the story, and I'm cool with that.”可知，她认为自主出版的方式让她能出版自己的书，自己要写的故事。她对此很满意。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
It was only after her death from Bright's disease on May 15, 1886 that Emily Dickinson enjoyed recognition for her poetic accomplishment. A limited volume of her works appeared in1890, but it was Thomas H. Johnson's release of her complete body of poetry that made her works receive real acclaim. He published 1,775 of her poems in 1955 in a volume entitled The Poems of Emily Dickinson.
Emily Dickinson was born in Amherst, MA in 1830. The Dickinson family was well known in the community for their contribution to politics and education. Dickinson lived most of her life with her grandfather who was famous for having founded the Amherst Academy in1814 and later Amherst College in 1821.
Emily Dickinson led a reclusive life, but her childhood was a happy one. She had the privilege of being educated at some of the most outstanding women schools in her time and devoted herself to reading all kinds of books.
It was during her college years that Emily started writing. Some of her poems were published with the help of her female friends. However, the first serious attempt at having her poems published failed for her being rejected by The Atlantic magazine. This led the selfconscious poetess to believe that the public would never care for her works, and thus she never attempted to have any of her works published again. After the Civil War, Dickinson withdrew from society and had little contact outside of Amherst.
Dickinson was very concerned with the subject of nature. Her writings are complex, and for many years scholars have searched for romantic inspiration, but have not yet understood her works. What is clear, however, is that her works can't just simply describe something in terms of a narrative style.
Without doubt, Dickinson's works have greatly influenced and continue to influence modern poetry. In her time, her writing style was unique given that it included the use of dashes and capitalized nouns. None of her works rhymed, and she used unusual comparisons when referring to events and situations. This unconventional method of writing has made her one of the most innovative poets of the 19th century.
（1）Which of the following best explains "acclaim" underlined in the first paragraph?
A. Apology. B. Enthusiasm.
C. Approval.
D. Reference.
（2）What did Dickinson do during her childhood?
A. She studied in good schools.
B. She passed her poems to magazines.
C. She spent much time on politics and education.
D. She practiced writing with the help of her friends.
（3）What do we know about Dickinson's poems?
A. They are easy for readers to understand.
B. They make much difference to modern poetry.
C. They inspire modern naturalists to study nature.
D. They rhyme well and include many comparisons.
（4）What can be the best title for the text?
A. Causes of Emily Dickinson's Failure
B. Features of Emily Dickinson's Poems
C. Reasons for Emily Dickinson's Becoming World Famous
D. A Brief Introduction to Emily Dickinson and Her Works
【答案】 （1）C
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了美国传奇诗人艾米莉·狄金森以及她的作品，她的诗绝大多数是在她死后才出版，并被世人所知，名气极大。
（1）考查词义猜测，根据第一段中的“but it was Thomas H. Johnson's release of her complete body of poetry that made her works receive real acclaim.”是托马斯·H·约翰逊发表了她完整的诗作，使她的作品获得了真正的好评。可知选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ She had the privilege of being educated at some of the most outstanding women schools in her time and devoted herself to reading all kinds of books. ”她有幸在她那个时代最杰出的女子学校里受教育,专心阅读各种各样的书，可知选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Without doubt, Dickinson's works have greatly influenced and continue to influence modern poetry. ”无疑，狄金森的作品对现代诗歌产生了很大的影响，并在继续影响。可知选B。
（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了美国传奇诗人艾米莉·狄金森以及她的作品，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．阅读理解
I waited half an hour, set the board, and sat in the studio, reviewing my questions until the telephone lines flashed.
"Hello?"
"This is Connie Chung. I'm so sorry I'm late."
Connie Chung was one of the only four women anchors（主播）to make it into the club of major evening network television news. For almost an hour we talked about the industry. When I asked if she ever had an instructor throughout her trials, she turned around and offered to instruct me. When I asked why she decided to do it, she simply replied, "Because you're good."
That afternoon I rushed home and told my mother what had happened. Without looking up, she just said "Good for you." Hearing this, I felt a sense of loss. Her consistent response always made me feel under-appreciated.
Until then I had been searching for something that I would never get—that sense of love and acceptance in a house full of negativity（消极）.
I knew I needed to get rid of all the negativity in my life first, so I packed my bags and walked out of the house, thinking a risk would allow me to open myself to the world again and receive all the positive energy that I needed.
Then radio became my way of connecting with others. My ability to book high-level guests and celebrities（名人）was gradually recognized and eventually all the words of encouragement from past guests and colleagues helped me to re-build my confidence levels. "I can do this," I kept telling myself, and pushed even harder to find my next aim.
People had faith in me, so I developed faith in myself. Their positive attitudes towards themselves and towards me helped me develop my own positive attitude, leading to productive interactions with celebrities and adding to my list of instructors.
I may not have started life surrounded by positivity but I surely feel that I am surrounded by it now. It's amazing how positivity builds on itself.
（1）What was the author probably doing at the beginning of the text?
A. He was preparing for a show. B. He was looking for an instructor.
C. He was waiting to be interviewed. D. He was broadcasting news in the studio.
（2）How did the author's mother react when told about Connie's decision?
A. She felt excited. B. She didn't believe it.
C. She was very grateful. D. She didn't take it seriously.
（3）Why did the author leave home?
A. To broaden his view. B. To escape punishment.
C. To keep away from negativity. D. To set up a home of his own.
（4）What can be the best title for the text?
A. The Strength of Positivity B. My Goal in Career
C. My Ability in Management D. The Friendship Between Anchors
【答案】 （1）A
（2）D
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在主持节目过程中遇到的一些朋友和导师，他们积极乐观的态度以及对作者的信任，给作者带来了力量，从而使作者也变得更加积极主动，同时也取得了成功。
（1）考查推理判断。根据前四段中出现的"reviewing my questions"以及"I asked if she ever had an instructor"等可推知，作者是在为主持一个访谈节目做准备，在这个节目中他将问Connie Chung一些问题。故选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"Without looking up, she just said 'Good for you.'"可知，当被告知Connie的决定时，作者的妈妈对作者将接受Connie Chung指导的事情没有当回事。故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第七段中的“I knew I needed to get rid of all the negativity in my life first”可知，作者离开家是为了摆脱家庭中的消极影响。故选C。
（4）考查主旨大意。文章主要讲述了作者在主持节目过程中遇到的一些朋友和导师，他们积极乐观的态度以及对作者的信任，给作者带来了力量，让作者也变得更加积极主动，从而迈向一个接一个的目标。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
It can be a real struggle trying to learn a new language. I had always enjoyed learning languages in school, but only recently did I start learning German. I found that I could understand and learn individual words easily, but when it came to literature, I really struggled. That was when my tutor at university suggested reading some children's books printed in the target language.
At first, I felt a bit silly going on a hunt for a book designed for someone half my age, lout then I realised that everyone has to start somewhere. As children, we are given these basic texts to familiarise our brains with certain vocabulary and writing structures, and from there, we can learn and develop. I started with books which are taught to us as children in the UK. I managed to find Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens and James and the Giant Peach by Roald Dahl.
The beauty of reading books that were introduced to you as a child is that you are already familiar with the plot. As a result, you can work out some of the definitions of words with your prior knowledge of the story. At first, I used to read with the book in one hand and a dictionary in the other, but this method did not work well for me. The method I would recommend is to read a chapter of your chosen children's book and at the end of that chapter, highlight the words you do not know and then look up the definitions. If you can wait a bit before you use a dictionary, you may be surprised what you can get merely from the context of the sentence in the story. Additionally, a lot of children's books have pictures which may give you a clue as to what or to whom the passage is referring.
（1）Why was the author advised to read children's books?
A. Because she was weak in reading great works.
B. Because she was slow to learn language.
C. Because she liked children's literature.
D. Because she couldn't remember any words.
（2）What can kids get from children's books according to the passage?
A. Vocabulary and listening skills. B. Learning methods.
C. Words and structures. D. Designing skills.
（3）What causes the author feel surprised while reading children's books?
A. Grasping the context from the pictures.
B. Looking up the definitions of words from a dictionary.
C. Getting familiar with the plots of the story.
D. Understanding the words simply from the context.
（4）What can be the best title of the passage?
A. Reading Children's Books B. The Way of Learning Languages
C. The Method of Using Dictionary D. My Good Reading Habits
【答案】 （1）A
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者在学德语，因为看不懂文学作品，开始看德语儿童书籍，得到了意外的惊喜。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“ I found that I could understand and learn individual words easily, but when it came to literature, I really struggled. That was when my tutor at university suggested reading some children's books printed in the target language.”可知作者只能理解单个的字词，理解不了文学作品，所以她的导师建议她看一些用目标语言写的儿童书。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“As children, we are given these basic texts to familiarise our brains with certain vocabulary and writing structures”可知儿童在看儿童书时可以熟知其中的词汇和写作结构，故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“If you can wait a bit before you use a dictionary, you may be surprised what you can get merely from the context of the sentence in the story.”可知作者认为如果先不急着用字典，你会为你从语境里得到的东西而惊讶。字典是用于查词的，这里作者想表达的就是先不用字典，从语境可以猜出词义，选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。全文作者讲述了她读儿童书的经历以及读儿童书的好处，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
6．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
At first, Michael Surrell didn't see the black smoke or flames shooting from the windows of his neighbors' home. He and his wife had just parked around the corner from their own house, when they got a call from one of his daughters: "The house next door is on fire!" He went to investigate. That's when he saw two women and a girl panic-stricken on their doorway.
"The baby's in there!" one of the women cried. Though the fire department had been called, Surrell, then 64, instinctively ran inside. "The baby" was 8-year-old Tiara, the woman's granddaughter.
Entering the burning house was like "running into a bucket of black paint," Surrell says. The thick smoke caused him to struggle blindly around, burned his eyes, and made it impossible to breathe. The conditions would have been risky for anyone, but for Surrell, who has lung disease, they were life-threatening. After a few minutes in the smoke-filled house, he withdrew outside to catch his breath.
"Where is Tiara?" he asked desperately. "The second floor," The woman shouted back. Taking a deep breath, he went in a second time. The darkness was overwhelming. Yet because the house had a similar design to his, Surrell found the stairs and made it to the second floor. He was already out of breath. Then a soft but distinct moan appeared. He crawled toward the sound, feeling around for any sign of the girl. Finally, he touched something. A shoe, then an ankle. He pulled Tiara into his arms. Turning, he fought through the smoke and ran blindly into the blackness. The next thing he knew, he was at the front door, then outside.
Surrell woke up in the hospital a couple of days later, having suffered severe burns. Tiara was released from the hospital after a few days. "It's a small price to pay," Surrell says. "I'd do it again in a heartbeat. Wouldn't give it a second thought."
（1）What did Surrell do at the scene of the fire?
A. Called his daughter.
B. Parked his car to safety.
C. Rang the fire department.
D. Rushed into the burning house.
（2）What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 3?
A. How special the house was.
B. How dangerous the situation was.
C. How Surrell suffered lung disease.
D. How Surrell ran back outside.
（3）How did Surrell manage to find Tiara eventually?
A. By feeling with the aid of her sound.
B. By answering to Tiara's loud crying.
C. By shouting her name desperately.
D. By catching sight of her shoes.
（4）What can be inferred about Surrell from the text?
A. He is unwilling to talk about the rescue again.
B. He is disappointed to suffer several burns.
C. He will do the same without hesitation.
D. He will think twice before acting.
【答案】 （1）D
（2）B
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，邻居家起火，小女孩被困在里面，Surrell奋不顾身地冲进燃烧的大火，最终把女孩救了出来。当Surrell在医院里醒过来时说他以后会毫不犹豫地做同样的事情。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Though the fire department had been called, Surrell, then 64, instinctively ran inside.”和第三段中的“Entering the burning house was like‘running into a bucket of black paint,’ Surrell says.”可知，Surrell在火灾现场冲进燃烧的房子。故选D。
（2）考查段落大意。根据第三段中的“Entering the burning house was like ‘running into a bucket of black paint,’ Surrell says.”可知，第三段讨论的是“多么危险的情况。”故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“He was already out of breath. Then a soft but distinct moan appeared. He crawled toward the sound, feeling around for any sign of the girl. Finally, he touched something. A shoe, then an ankle. He pulled Tiara into his arms.”他已经上气不接下气了。就在这时一个轻柔的呻吟出现了。他爬向声音，感觉到女孩的迹象。最后，他触摸到一只鞋，然后摸到了她的脚踝。他把Tiara拉到他怀里。可知，Surrell最终通过收到Tiara的哭声找到了Tiara。故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"It's a small price to pay," Surrell says. "I'd do it again in a heartbeat. Wouldn't give it a second thought."可推知，他会毫不犹豫地做同样的事情。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和段落大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
7．阅读短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Fabien Cousteau was born with deep love for the ocean. His grandfather and his father were ocean explorers and documentary filmmakers. Fabien spent his early years on his grandfather's ships. Today Fabien follows in his family's footsteps to protect the planet's endangered ocean life. With his vast knowledge and experience, he tries to strike a balance between environmental problems and market economies.
Fabien is well known for his study of sharks. During 2000-2002, he created a TV special called Attack of the Mystery Shark based on the shark attacks that occurred along the New Jersey shoreline in the summer of 1916. Then in 2003-2006, with the help of a large crew, Fabien created a shark submarine (潜艇) that enabled him to put himself inside the shark world, providing people with a rare view of the mysterious and often misunderstood creatures.
For the next four years (2006-2010), Fabien was part of a series called, Ocean Adventures, which offered a rare look into some of the most fantastic ocean species (物种) and environments.
In 2010, Fabien started Plant A Fish, a nonprofit project for children to help restore local water ecosystems by replanting key ocean species. Save the world, one fish at a time. The project is still in progress now and its final goal is to plant 1 billion "fish" worldwide.
From June 1 to July 2, 2014, Fabien and his team spent 31 days underwater to research how climate change and pollution are affecting the oceans. Fabien's Mission 31 broke new ground by going deeper, longer and further, exposing (显露) the world to the adventure and the mystique (神秘) of what lies beneath.
Fabien is currently working on a documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31, as well as building an Ocean Learning Center to provide children around the world with the opportunity to learn about oceans and engage with ocean explorers directly through social media.
（1）What is Not Fabien's job?
A. Ocean explorer B. Documentary filmmaker C. Environmentalist D. Media manager
（2）How is Paragraph 2 developed?
A. By providing facts.
B. By offering analyses.
C. By making comparisons.
D. By drawing conclusions.
（3）We can learn from the text that ________.
A. Fabien's "Plant A Fish" project has already achieved its final goal
B. Fabien's Mission 31 broke the records of former ocean explorations
C. Fabien's TV special about sharks is based on his childhood experiences
D. It took Fabien four years to produce Ocean Adventures all on his own
（4）In which part of a website can we read the text?
A. Modern Technology.
B. Space Exploration.
C. Outstanding Figures.
D. Fantastic Wildlife.
【答案】 （1）D
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了Fabien Cousteau研究鲨鱼而出名，他要保护海洋濒临灭绝的动物，在海洋里进行探险研究。他和他的团队打破了以前的海洋探险的记录，并拍摄了海洋生物记录片的事情。
（1）考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Fabien is currently working on a documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31, as well as building an Ocean Learning Center to provide children around the world with the opportunity to learn about oceans and engage with ocean explorers directly through social media.”可知，Fabien是一个Ocean explorer海洋探险家、Documentary filmmaker纪录片的导演；再根据第一段中的“With his vast knowledge and experience, he tries to strike a balance between environmental problems and market economies.”可知，他是一个Environmentalist环境保护者。没有提到他是媒体策划经理，故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Fabien is well known for his study of sharks. During 2000-2002…, Then in 2003-2006,…”可知。用例举事实法叙述他研究的情况。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Fabien's Mission 31 broke new ground by going deeper, longer and further, exposing (显露) the world to the adventure and the mystique (神秘) of what lies beneath. ”Fabien's Mission 31开辟了一条新路，他走得更深、更久、更远，把海底的冒险和神秘显示给了世人。也就是说Fabien's Mission 31打破了以前海洋探险的记录。故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。根据整篇短文围绕Fabien在海洋的探险、保护海洋、拍摄纪录片等方面的贡献，属于人物类短文。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
8．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
This year marks the 170th anniversary of Paul Gauguin's birth. He lived for just 54 years but he packed his brief life with activity.
The French painter spent his early childhood in Peru before returning to France. As an adult, he continued to travel a lot. Most famously, he spent much of the last decade of his life in Tahiti, an island in southern Pacific Ocean. Indeed, Gauguin is best known for his colorful paintings of Tahitians and their culture.
The restlessness of this great painter has been normal among modern artists since the middle of the 19th century. They're never satisfied for long with a certain style or way of life. Once something becomes conventional, it's turned down.
The artistic culture that Gauguin developed from was that of Impressionism (印象派). Painters like Claude Monet had wanted to paint how they saw the world, not how their teachers taught them it should be seen. Gauguin, and similar artists like his friend Vincent van Gogh, moved even further away from "respectable" art than the Impressionists. For them, it was not simply a matter of seeing the world differently, but feeling and thinking about it differently, too.
Gauguin saw, felt and thought differently from most members of European society. He thought that European culture was too fancy and not spontaneous. This is why he turned to the traditions of other parts of the world, like Africa, and, eventually, Tahiti. Artists like Gauguin used the word "primitive" for these cultures, but not as a negative term. For him, Europe, in becoming modem, industrial and scientific, seemed less natural than other parts of the world.
In truth, Gauguin's paintings may be unconventional but they are certainly not "primitive". They are the work of a painter with great awareness of what he was doing. It was this awareness that made him such an important painter for those that came after, in the 20th century. When we look closely at the works of Gauguin we begin to understand Pablo Picasso, and especially Henri Matisse, a little better.
（1）What can we infer about Gauguin's life?
A. He had an unhappy childhood. B. He lived most of his life in Peru.
C. He enjoyed painting in Tahiti. D. He preferred a traditional life style.
（2）What's the main purpose of Paragraph 4?
A. To explain why Gauguin's works were popular.
B. To point out where Gauguin's inspiration came from.
C. To show Gauguin's different understanding of painting.
D. To compare Gauguin's painting style with Vincent van Gogh's.
（3）Which of the following best explains "spontaneous" underlined in Paragraph 5?
A. Natural B. Modern
C. Industrial
D. Scientific
（4）The author mentions Picasso and Matisse in the last paragraph to show ________.
A. their styles are different from Gauguin's B. great artists share many similarities
C. they are as important as Gauguin D. Gauguin's influence on their works
【答案】 （1）C
（2）C
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，今年是Gauguin诞辰170周年。他只活了54年，但他短暂的一生充满了活力。这篇文章介绍了著名画家Gauguin的生平及其作品。
（1）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Indeed, Gauguin is best known for his colorful paintings of Tahitians and their culture.“事实上，Gauguin最为人所知的是他对塔希提人和他们的文化的丰富多彩的绘画。”可知，他喜欢在塔希提岛画画。故选C。
（2）考查段落大意。根据第四段中的“The artistic culture that Gauguin developed from was that of Impressionism (印象派).”Gauguin发展起来的艺术文化是印象派；以及“Gauguin, and similar artists like his friend Vincent van Gogh, moved even further away from‘respectable’ art than the Impressionists. ”Gauguin和他的朋友文森特·梵高（Vincent van Gogh）等类似艺术家比印象派画家更远离“受人尊敬的”艺术。可知第四段的目的是“展示Gauguin对绘画的不同理解。”故选C。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的“For him, Europe, in becoming modem, industrial and scientific, seemed less natural than other parts of the world.”在他看来，欧洲在走向现代化、工业化和科学化的过程中，似乎没有世界其他地区那么自然。”由此推知He thought that European culture was too fancy and not spontaneous. 中划线词的意思是“自然的”。故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It was this awareness that made him such an important painter for those that came after, in the 20th century. When we look closely at the works of Gauguin we begin to understand Pablo Picasso, and especially Henri Matisse, a little better. ”正是这种意识使他成为20世纪后来者的重要画家。当我们仔细观察Gauguin的作品时，我们开始更好地理解毕加索，尤其是马蒂斯。”可知，作者在最后一段中提到了毕加索和马蒂斯，以展示Gauguin对他们作品的影响。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
9．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
It was rainy, and I had no desire to drive up the winding mountain road to my daughter Carolyn's house. But she had insisted that I come to see something at the top of the mountain.
So here I was, reluctantly making the two-hour journey through fog that hung like veils. By the time I saw how thick it was near the summit, I'd gone too far to turn back.
Nothing could be worth this, I thought as I inched along the dangerous highway.
"I'll stay for lunch, but I' m heading back down as soon as the fog lifts," I announced when I arrived.
"But I need you to drive me to the garage to pick up my car," Carolyn said, "Could we at least do that?"
"How far is it?" I asked.
"About three minutes," she said, "I'll drive—I'm used to it."
After ten minutes on the mountain road, I looked at her anxiously. "I thought you said three minutes."
She grinned. "This is a detour."
Turning down a narrow track, we parked the car and got out. We walked along a path that was thick with old pine needles. Huge black-green evergreens towered over us. Gradually, the peace and silence of the place began to fill my mind.
Then we turned a comer and stopped—and I gasped in amazement.
From the top of the mountain, sloping for several acres across the mountain side and valleys, were rivers of flowers in numerous colors. It looked as though the sun had tipped over and spilled gold down the mountainside.
A series of questions filled my mind. Who created such beauty? Why? How?
As we approached the home that stood in the center of the property, we saw a sign that read: "Answers to the Questions I Know You Are Asking."
The first answer was: "One Woman—Two Hands, Two Feet, and Very Little Brain." The second was: "One at a Time." The third: "Started in 1958."
As we drove home, I was so moved by what we had seen. I could scarcely speak. "She changed the world." I finally said, "one bulb (球茎) at a time. She started almost 40 years ago, probably just the beginning of an idea, but she kept at it."
The wonder of it would not let me go. "Imagine," I said, "if I'd had a vision and worked at it, just a little bit every day, what might I have accomplished?"
Carolyn looked at me sideways, smiling. "Start tomorrow," she said. "Better yet, start today."
（1）What was the weather like when the author drove to visit her daughter?
A. It was snowing. B. It was foggy.
C. It was freezing.
D. It was sunny.
（2）What can be inferred about the daughter?
A. She told a white lie to her mother. B. She was an experienced driver.
C. She didn't know the way very well. D. She knew everything about the woman.
（3）The mother began to enjoy herself when ________.
A. they were driving in the car B. they were at the garage
C. they were on their way back D. they were walking in the woods
（4）Which of the following can best describe the owner of the property?
A. Crazy and silly. B. Determined and persistent.
C. Brave and careful. D. Beautiful and courageous.
（5）What do you think the mother will do after this visit?
A. She will look after her grandchildren. B. She will pay a second visit to the garden.
C. She will begin to do something meaningful. D. She will come and live with her daughter.
【答案】 （1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
（5）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者在下雨天受女儿坚持去山顶看风景，去往山顶的过程有些麻烦，但到达山顶后，被山顶的美景所折服。当作者走到一个房子，看到了从很久之前开始一直存在一个标牌，由此引发了作者感慨：如果有一个愿景，并为此每天坚持一点点，那最终会达到什么。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“So here I was, reluctantly making the two-hour journey through fog that hung like veils.”可知作者很不情愿地走了两个小时，穿过像面纱一样悬挂着的雾开车去见自己的女儿。作者开车去见女儿时，是雾天，故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第八段中的“After ten minutes on the mountain road, I looked at her anxiously. ‘I thought you said three minutes.’"可知女儿告诉作者要走三分钟，结果走了十分钟也没到，再结合下文可知女儿这样做是为了让作者欣赏山上的美景而撒了一个善意的谎言。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第十段中的“We walked along a path that was thick with old pine needles.”可知作者和女儿是沿着一条满是老松针的小路走着时，开始欣赏美景，自得其乐的。故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第四段“The first answer was: "One Woman—Two Hands, Two Feet, and Very Little Brain." The second was: "One at a Time." The third: "Started in 1958."可知这些景色的所有者是一个女人，用两只手，两只脚，加上一点想法，一次一个从1958年开始种植的。可知这个所有人是非常有决心和坚持不懈的。故选B。
（5）考查推理判断。根据最后一段Carolyn looked at me sideways, smiling. "Start tomorrow," she said. "Better yet, start today."可知文章的最后Carolyn微笑着看着我。“明天开始，”她说。“更好的是，从今天开始。”结合上文作者的感悟可推理此次参观之后这位母亲会开始做一些有意义的事情。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
10．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
In recent years I have had two very good roles on television: Florence, the wisecracking maid on the series The Jeffersons, and Mary, the mother who holds things together on 227. But 17 years ago, in 1972 when I was just getting started in theater work, I thought I'd never make it as an actress. For that matter, I couldn't even hold my life together or afford a home of my own.
Back then I had about as much self-confidence as a chicken in a fox's nest. I was recovering from surgery and had been off work for six months from my job as a United Airlines reservations agent. I'd had some bit parts in local theater groups, but those came and went, not leading to anything bigger.
Worse, as a single mother with three youngsters, I had no place to live. My children were staying with their father while I recovered in an aunt's apartment. Lying in bed, staring hopelessly at the wall, I didn't know what to do or where to turn.
Then one Sunday morning I aimlessly turned on the television set, and there were actor Robert Young and his wife talking about their faith. I sat right up in bed. They said, "When one door closes, a better one opens," Well, I wasn't going to just sit staring at the closed one. So I got up and trudged (跋涉) on. Even if my shoes wore out, I decided, my faith wouldn't.
Later, when I began filling small parts in television productions, that self-confidence showed. I'd always done my best to play the role as I thought the director wanted, but now I found myself freer to interpret it, I was more natural, more me.
（1）What do the underlined words "hold my life together" in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Enjoy my life. B. Support myself.
C. Abandon my life.
D. Fight against my life.
（2）How did the author feel when she worked in the local theater?
A. Confident. B. Excited.
C. Nervous.
D. Disappointed.
（3）What can we learn about the author from paragraph 3?
A. She lived in her own apartment. B. She had to stay with her father.
C. She was confused about her future. D. She was looked after by her kids.
（4）What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?
A. To share her understanding of faith with us.
B. To prove her success in the TV acting.
C. To show thanks to her respected aunt.
D. To tell how hard she brought up her children.
【答案】 （1）B
（2）D
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己如何成为演员的经历。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“afford a home of my own”可知作者当时买不起属于自己的房子，说明她当时的生活很困难，故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Back then I had about as much self-confidence as a chicken in a fox's nest”可知作者那时候很自信。以及根据“I'd had some bit parts in local theater groups, but those came and went, not leading to anything bigger.”可知作者在当地的剧院工作时，她的这些工作没有给她带来更大的收获。作者很有自信，但是她在当地剧院的工作却没有带来什么，由此可以推断当时作者是失望的，故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Lying in bed, staring hopelessly at the wall, I didn't know what to do or where to turn.”作者躺在床上，绝望地盯着 墙壁，不知道要做什么，也不知道要往哪里去。这说明作者当时对未来很迷茫，故选C。
（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“They said, ‘When one door closes, a better one opens,’ Well, I wasn't going to just sit staring at the closed one. So I got up and trudged (跋涉) on. Even if my shoes wore out, I decided, my faith wouldn't. ”可知作者看到电视上的一对明星夫妇说，“当一扇门关闭时，一扇更好的门会打开，”作者就决定她不会只是坐着盯着那扇关上的门。所以她起身跋涉。即使她的鞋子磨损了，她的信仰也不会。作者通过这篇文章和读者分享了她对信仰的理解，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
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