重点短语：
as a result of 由于......，因为...... die from 死于......
be related to 与......有关 in danger 处于危险中
belong to 属于 in pain 处于痛苦之中
in order to / so as to 为了...... give up 戒除，放弃
break into 强行闯入，破门而入 pay for 支付
break the law 违反法律 take one's advice 听取某人的建议
allow ... to do 同意做 instead of 代替；相反
pick sb. up 接某人 translate …into… 把……翻译成
think of 想起，记起 a bit of 一点儿
in one's opinion 依某人自己的看法 be crazy about 迷恋
make sure 确保，确信 be connected with 与……有联系
keep away 远离 have a temperature 发烧
take one's temperature 量体温 begin with 依……开始
put ... into ... 把……投入…… be free for 对……免费
take exercise 做锻炼 write a prescription 开处方
lie down 躺下 be off work 请假不工作
have a sweet tooth 喜欢甜食 contribute to sth. 贡献出，有助于
at least 至少
固定搭配
be /get/become addicted to sth./ doing sth. 对......上瘾，沉溺于
have an effect on 对......有影响
ban sb.from sth./doing sth. 禁止某人做......
ban on / against 对......禁止
share ... with ... 与......分享，共用
continue to do sth./ continue doing sth. 继续做......
be likely to do 有可能做......
句型：结果状语从句的两种表达方式
形容词+a / an + 名词（可数名词单数）
So + many /few + 名词（可数名词复数）+ that
much / little + 名词 （不可数名词）
形容词/副词
表示 “如此……以致于”
a / an + 形容词 + 名词 （可数名词单数）
Such + 形容词 + 名词 （可数名词复数） + that
形容词 + 名词 （不可数名词）
一、重点句子：
1. During the 1990s, 21 million people died as a result of smoking cigarette.
在二十世纪九十年代，有两千一百万人由于吸烟而死去。
as a result of… 由于……的结果 The accident happened as a result of carelessness
result in …导致 Carelessness resulted in the accident.
result from… 由……引起 The accident resulted from carelessness.
2. Thirteen people die every hour from illness related to smoking tobacco, such as cancer, bronchitis and heart disease. 每小时有十三人死于与吸烟有关的疾病，像癌症，支气管炎，心脏病。
die of / from 死于…… His parents both died of cancer.
be related to…与……有关 It’s a matter related to his fame.
3. I’m nineteen years old and I used to be a drug addict.我十九岁，曾经是个瘾君子。
4. Users who inject the drug are also in more danger if they share needles with other users.
如果那些注射毒品的人和其他吸毒者共用针头的话，他们会面临更多的危险。
5. The next day, I broke into a house and stole a television and a video recorder.
第二天，我闯进了一户人家，偷了一台电视机和一台录像机。
break into v.t 闯入，破门而入 ，打断，突然……起来
break in v.i 强行进入，插话，打断
The man found his house broken in when he came home.
The crowd broke into laughter.
He kept broke in with silly questions.
6. Now I work in a center for drug addicts, helping others to stop taking drugs.
现在我为一家戒毒中心工作，帮助其它人戒毒。
7. Participants learn to recognize smoking triggers (things that start them smoking) and try to set a date in the future when they will stop smoking.
参加者认清了引起吸烟的刺激物，他们设法确定一个将来戒烟的日期
8. I think it would be good if they banned smoking in restaurants and cafes as well.
我认为如果在饭店和咖啡厅也禁烟将会好些
9. UK teenagers are taking up two five times more illegal drugs, for example, ecstasy tablets and cannabis, than in other European countries.
英国的青少年使用的违禁药品。例如摇头丸和大麻，比其它的欧洲国家多五倍。
10. Do you think you would follow this advice if you were a smoker?
你认为假如你是一个吸烟者，你会遵循这个建议吗？
11.Choose a time when you will be relaxed but also too busy to think about smoking.
选一个忙碌的让自己无暇考虑吸烟而又放松的时间。
单词
1．addict vt.使成瘾，使入迷(常用于被动语态) n．入迷的人，上瘾的人
归纳拓展
(1)be/become/get addicted to...沉迷于……，对……上瘾，热爱……
addict oneself to沉溺于……，醉心于……
(2)addiction n．沉溺；瘾，癖好
addicted adj.上瘾的(人的状态)
addictive adj.使成瘾的；上瘾的(事物的性质)
注意：和addicted/addiction连用的to是介词，后面要跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
例句：He became so addicted to the Internet that he failed the subjects.
他如此迷恋网络，以至于功课不及格。
The professor is an opera addict.
那位教授是一个歌剧迷。
He is now fighting his addiction to smoking.
他现在正努力戒烟。
【链接训练】
She is so________to Korean soaps that recently she is often late to fetch her son from school.
A．applied B．addicted
C．interested D．crazy
【解析】 句意为：她对韩国肥皂剧上了瘾以至于最近她经常晚接儿子放学。be addicted to“对……着迷/上瘾”，符合题意。apply oneself to“专心致志做……”；be interested in“对……感兴趣”；be crazy about“对……疯狂”，三者均不符合题意，故正确答案为B。
【答案】 B
2．reduce vt.缩减，减少；使……处于……状态(表示此种意义时常用被动语态)；使变弱，使降职(级)；约束，限制
归纳拓展
(1)reduce...to...把……减少到……；把……降低到……
reduce...by...把……减少了……；把……降低了……
reduce sth.to ashes把某物化为灰烬
be reduced to despair陷入绝望
(2)reduce的反义词是increase，表示“增加到……”，要与to搭配；表示“增加了……”，要与by搭配。
例句：They reduced the prices by 20%.You had better go and buy something in a hurry.
他们把价格降低了20%，你最好赶紧去买东西。
The expenses have been reduced to 1,000 yuan one month.每月的费用已降到1 000元。
The fire reduced the house to ashes. 大火把房子化为灰烬。
【链接训练】
①The government calls on the public to go to work by bicycle instead of by car in order to______ air pollution.
A．warn B．Endanger C．stop D．reduce
【解析】 考查动词词义辨析。warn“警告”；endanger“使危及”；stop“停止”；reduce“减少”。句意为：政府号召公众骑自行车而不是开车去上班，目的是减少空气污染。故D为正确答案。【答案】 D
②Having almost run out of money，we were reduced ________ staying in a cheap hotel.
A．at B．By C．to D．in
【解析】 句意为：因为钱几乎花光了，我们就落到了只能住廉价旅馆的地步。be reduced to “落到……的地步”，此处to为介词。【答案】 C
3．ban n．禁止，禁令 vt.禁止，取缔
归纳拓展
(1)ban＋n./pron./doing...禁止…… ban sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
ban on/against禁止
(2)put a ban on...禁止……
put/place...under a ban禁止(其被动语态形式为be put/placed under a ban被禁止)
例句：He was banned from attending the meeting.他被禁止出席该会议。
There is to be a ban on singing in the office.
将会有一条禁止在办公室唱歌的禁令出台。
Parking in the street is placed under a ban.在大街上停车是被禁止的。
同类辨析
ban，forbid与prohibit
三个词都表示“禁止”之意。
(1)ban语气最重，指权威机关(比如政府、官方等)正式禁止。
(2)forbid是普通用词，指个人的意愿。
(3)prohibit是正式用词，指用法律或法令来禁止。
【链接训练】
She has been banned________ for six months.
A．from driving B．Drive C．to drive D．to have driven
【解析】 ban sb.from doing sth.是固定用法，意为“禁止某人做某事”，此处考查其被动结构。句意为：她被禁止驾车六个月。【答案】 A
4．affect vt.影响，感动；(疾病)侵袭；假装；喜欢
归纳拓展
be affected by被……侵袭，被……感动 be affected by heat中暑
be affected with high fever发高烧
例句：The noise from the street affected our work.
马路上的噪音影响了我们的工作。
The condition affects one in five women. 每五个妇女就有一个患这种病。
同类辨析
affect，effect与influence
三个词都有“影响”的意思。
(1)affect指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”，着重“影响”的动作，有时含有“对……产生不利影响”的意思。
(2)effect作动词时，意为“使(某物)产生；使发生；引起”，着重“造成”一种特殊的效果。但作“影响”解时，通常用作名词，常用短语为have an effect on “对……有影响”。
(3)influence常常是指间接地、以一种无形的力量去潜移默化地“影响”人的行为、性格、观点等。
例句：Influenced by a highschool biology teacher，he took up the study of medicine. 在一位中学生物老师的影响下，他从事了医学研究。
This book effected a change in my opinion. 这本书使我的看法发生了变化。
Modern farming methods can have an adverse effect on the environment.
现代农业耕作方法可能对环境造成负面影响。
【链接训练】
Smoking can________your health, and__________，Professor Brown said.
A．effort；so can bad eating habits B．influence；so bad eating habits can
C．effect；so bad eating habits can D．affect；so can bad eating habits
【解析】 句意为：布朗教授说，“吸烟会影响你的健康，不良的饮食习惯也是如此”。空一考查effort，influence，effect和affect的区别。effort“努力”；influence用作动词时，意为“影响”，一般是指潜移默化的影响；effect用作动词时，意为“使(某物)产生，促使发生”，用作名词时，常用于have a (n)．..effect on“对……产生影响”；affect“影响”。空二考查倒装so＋情态动词＋主语，表示“……也一样”。根据题意可知选D项。【答案】 D
5．recognize/recognise vt.认出，识别；承认，认可；认识到
归纳拓展
(1)recognize sb./sth.认出某人，识别出某物
recognize...as/to be承认……是……；认为……是……
It is recognized that...人们意识到……
(2)recognition n．认出，认识，识别
例句：You’ve changed so much that I couldn’t recognize you just now.
你变化如此大以至于刚才我没有认出你来。
They have recognized him as/to be their leader.
他们已经承认他是他们的领导。
It is recognized that this solution could only be temporary.人们意识到这只是个临时的解决方案。
同类辨析
recognize与know
(1)recognize指把原来认识的人再次“辨认出”，是非延续性动词。
(2)know “认识并熟悉某人”，是延续性动词。
【链接训练】
I ________ him so well that I can ________his steps.
A．know；know B．recognize；recognize
C．recognize；know D．know；recognize
【解析】 句意为：我非常熟悉他以至于我能辨认出他的脚步声。know“认识并熟悉某人”；recognize“辨认出”。【答案】 D
短语
1．break into强行进入，闯入；突然发出；突然……起来
(break into中into是介词，及物动词词组，后面需接宾语)
归纳拓展
break away from脱离；打破
break down坍塌；失败；(身体)垮掉；(车)抛锚了
break off折断；突然停止；脱落；绝交
break out(火灾、战争等)突然发生，爆发
break in打断(谈话)；闯入(in是副词，不及物动词词组，后不能跟宾语)
break through突围；突破，冲垮
break up打碎，拆散；分裂；分解；驱散
例句：Thieves broke into the store at night.
小偷在夜里闯入了这家商店。
As the president's car arrived，the crowd broke into loud applause.
当总统的汽车到达时，人群中爆发出了热烈的掌声。
He has broken down from overwork.
他因工作过度而累垮了。
【链接训练】
①When the old man got home，he found that the house had been ________ and a lot of things had been stolen.
A．broken out B．broken up C．broken into D．broken off
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：当这位老人回到家中时，他发现有人破门而入并且许多东西被偷了。break into“强行闯入”，符合题意。break out“(战争、火灾等)突然爆发”；break up“打碎，分裂”；break off“折断，突然停止”。【答案】 C
②If people want to________the ordinary methods，they must take their chance.
A．break down B．break off C．break up D．break away from
【解析】 句意为：如果人们要打破常规的话，就必须冒险。break down“坍塌，坏掉”；break off“折断，突然停止”；break up“打碎，分解”；break away from“打破，脱离”，根据句意，选D。【答案】 D
2．belong to属于
归纳拓展
(1)belong to“属于”，不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时。后可跟人称代词，不能跟名词性物主代词。
(2)belong in/with/under应归入(类别，派别，范畴等)；应被放在某处；合适，适宜
(3)belongings n．所有物，行李；相关事物，亲属
例句：He belongs to this football club.他是这家足球俱乐部的一员。
The chair belongs in the other room.那把椅子应放在另一个房间。
A man of his ability belongs in teaching.
具有他那种才能的人适合当老师。
【链接训练】
It is known to all of us that lions ________ meateating animals.
A．belonged to B．are belonging toC．are belonged to D．belong to
【解析】 考查动词短语belong to的用法。belong to表示“属于”，不能用于被动语态，也不用于进行时态。故选D。
3．give up放弃；交出，让出；输掉
归纳拓展
give up doing sth.放弃，停止做某事
give up sth.to把……让给(献给)……
give away泄露(机密)，暴露；分发(奖品等)
give back归还，送回；恢复
give in (to) 屈从，向……让步
give off发出(蒸气)；发散(光线)
give out用完，用尽；分发；公布
例句：Never give up until you succeed.不成功绝不可以放弃。
In the crowded bus，the young people give up their seats to the old people.
在拥挤的公共汽车上，年轻人把座位让给了老年人。
The doctor told him to give up smoking and drinking.医生要他戒烟戒酒。
You can’t win the game.So you may as well give in.
这场比赛你赢不了的，还是认输吧。
【链接训练】
—Smoking is bad for your health.
—Yes，I know.But I simply can’t ______.
A．give it up B．give it inC．give it out D．give it away
【解析】 句意为：——吸烟有害于你的健康。——是的，我知道。但是我就是戒不掉。give up“放弃，戒掉”，符合题意。give in“屈服，让步”；give out“分发，筋疲力尽”；give away“泄露”。【答案】 A
句型
1．Drug users are more likely to get into trouble at school.
在学校里吸毒者更可能陷入麻烦。
归纳拓展
(1)likely adj.很可能的，看来要发生的；(像是)可靠的，可信的；似乎有理的 adv.很可能地
(2)sb./sth. be likely to do sth.某人/物很可能干某事
It is likely that...很可能……
not likely绝不可能(才不呢)
例句：She is very likely to ring me tonight.
＝It’s very likely that she’ll ring me tonight.她很可能今晚给我打电话。
What is the most likely time to find him in the office?
什么时间最有可能在他的办公室里找到他？
Rain is likely in all parts of the country today.今天全国各地区都可能下雨。
同类辨析
possible，probable与likely
(1)possible反映客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味。常用句型有It is possible(for sb.)to do sth.或It is possible that...。作表语时不能用人作主语。
(2)probable主要用来指有根据、合情合理、值得相信的事物，可能性比possible大，表示“很可能，十有八九”。probable只能用It is probable that...句型。作表语时也不能用人作主语。
(3)likely是指从外表、迹象上进行判断，有可能发生。与probable意思相接近。likely既可用人也可用物作主语，常用句型是It is likely that...或sb./sth.is likely to (do)．..。
【链接训练】
There is only a few clouds.The weather is ________ to be fine.
A．possible B．probableC．likely D．like
【解析】 句意为：天上只有几片云彩。天气很可能晴朗吧。likely既可用人也可用物作主语，常用句型是It is likely that...或sb./sth.is likely to (do) “很可能……”。possible和probable只能用it作形式主语；D项like“像”，介词，不符合题意。【答案】 C
2．Whatever you're doing when you want to smoke—do something else！无论你在做什么，当你想抽烟时，做点别的事情吧！
归纳拓展
whatever用法：
(1)作连接代词，引导让步状语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，其含义相当于no matter what，意为“无论，不管”，其位置可在主句前，也可在主句后。
(2)作连接代词，引导名词性从句(宾语从句或主语从句)，可看作是what的强调说法，其含义相当于anything that或all that，whatever在句中起双重作用，既起先行词与关系代词的作用，又在从句中作主语、宾语等。
(3)作形容词，意为“无论怎么样的；无论哪一种的”，作定语，意思是“任何……的”，可视为what的强调说法。
同类辨析
whatever，no matter what与what
(1)whatever/no matter what
whatever和no matter what都可引导让步状语从句，除此之外，whatever还可引导名词性从句，如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，而no matter what不能。
(2)whatever/what
what与whatever均可作连接代词引导名词性从句，what引导的名词性从句在句中作主语、表语、宾语，意为“所……的事物”，相当于the thing(s) which；whatever引导的名词性从句在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语，意思是“凡是……的事物”，相当于anything/everything that，语气比what更强烈一些。
例句：Whatever he says，his boss doesn't believe it.
无论他说什么，他的老板都不相信。
You can choose whatever you like in the shop.
你可以在商店中选择任何你喜欢的东西。
I believe what he told me.我相信他对我说的话。
【链接训练】
________David says sounds right to Helen.That's why she has made up her mind to leave with him________happens.
A．Whatever；no matter what B．No matter what；whatever
C．No matter what；no matter what D．Whatever；however
【解析】 第一空是由whatever引导的主语从句，在句中充当主语，相当 于anything that；第二空是由no matter what引导的让步状语从句，表示“无论，不管”。【答案】 A
语法
1．动词不定式作目的状语
(1)动词不定式为非谓语动词的一种形式，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾补及状语。作状语时，可以表示目的、结果或条件。
例句：They went there to visit their teacher.他们去那里拜访老师。(表示目的)
He woke up only/just to find everybody gone.
他醒来发现大家都走了。(表示结果)
To look at him，you would like him.看见他，你就会喜欢他。(表示条件)
(2)某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、哀、乐，后跟不定式表示原因。
例句：I am very glad to see you.见到你我非常高兴。
(3)在有enough或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。
例句：He was too excited not to say a few words.他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。
He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。
注意：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to(为了)或so as to(以便)＋动词原形。so as to不用于句首，只能放在句中。
这种句式中，如果不定式的逻辑主语与句子的逻辑主语是同一人或事，可以与so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句转换，但是so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句不能放在句首。
例句：The whole family went to the seaside to (in order to/so as to)spend the weekend/so that they can spend the weekend.全家去海边度周末。
(4)动词不定式作目的状语时，通常逻辑主语为句子的主语，如果不一致，则需用动词不定式的复合结构，即for sb. to do sth.。
例句：He spoke slowly for us to follow him.他说得很慢，为的是让我们跟上他。
2．结果状语从句
(1)结果状语从句表示事态的结果，常置于主语之后，常见的连接词有so that，so...that，such...that等。
例句：He had overslept，so that he was late for the lecture.他睡过了头，结果报告会迟到了。
I cheered so loudly at the match that I completely lost my voice.
我为比赛大声喝彩，以至于嗓子都哑了。
(2)应注意下列句子结构的不同：
①so＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that...
such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that...
②such＋可数名词复数＋that...
③such＋不可数名词＋that...
④so＋表示数量的形容词
so＋many/few＋可数名词复数＋that...
so＋much/little(少)＋不可数名词＋that...
注意：(1)such和so均可修饰可数名词的单数形式，但是冠词位置有区别。如such a good teacher＝so good a teacher如此好的一位老师。
(2)so that既可引导目的状语从句，也可引导结果状语从句。在目的状语从句中的谓语动词前要用may(might)，can(could)，should，would等情态动词，表达某种可能性；而结果状语从句则不用，它表示的是客观事实，从句前常用逗号，而引导目的状语从句的so that前不用逗号，结果状语从句都置于主句后，但目的状语从句也可以置于主句前。
例句：I put on my glasses so that I could see more clearly.我戴上眼镜为的是看得更清楚。
Tom’s first step made such a terrible noise that he almost died of fright.
汤姆的第一步发出可怕的响声，差点儿把他吓死。
The water became so polluted that it killed all the fish in the river.
河水被严重污染以致于河中的鱼全都死了。
(3)so...that引导结果状语从句置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序，从句则不倒装。
例句：So loudly did he speak that everyone heard him clearly.
他如此大声说话，结果每个人都听得很清楚。
【链接训练】
①________ catch the first bus，I got up early this morning.
A．In order to B．So as to C．So that D．As to
【解析】 考查动词不定式作目的状语。in order to和so as to都表示“为了”，但so as to不能用于句首。【答案】 A
②Let's take the front seats ________ we may see clearly.
A．in order B．so that C．in order to D．because
【解析】 so that引导目的状语从句，从句中的谓语动词前用了情态动词may。
【答案】 B
③______ the project as planned, we'll have to work two more hours a day.
A．Completing B．CompleteC．Completed D．To complete
【解析】 考查非谓语动词——不定式作目的状语。句意为：为了如期完成工程，我们必须每天多工作两个小时。【答案】 D
④So difficult ________ it to solve the problem that I decided to ask the police for help.
A．I found B．did I find C．I have found D．have I found
【解析】 so...that引导结果状语从句置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序，故排除A、C项；又主句和从句时态要一致，故排除D项，答案为B。句意为：我发现这个问题如此难解决，我决定去找警察帮忙。 【答案】 B
⑤What made me sad was that I went to see her the day before yesterday ________ her dead on her bed.
A．to find B．finding C．found D．find
【解析】 不定式作结果状语，通常表示一个令人失望的、沮丧的、预料之外的结果；而v.ing作结果状语表示顺其自然的情况，根据题意，选A。
1. － I’m afraid I must be off now.
－________.
A. Never mind B. No problem C. See you D. Step slowly
2. It is______ difficult for us to do_______ much work. We need more hands.
A. so; such B. so; so C. such; so D. such; such
3. Sally worked late in the evening to finish her report______ her boss could read it first the next morning.
A. so that B. because C. before D. or else
4. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _______ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
5. The weeping girl stopped_______ as soon as her mother entered the room.
A. to cry B. crying C. to crying D. cry
6. Robert got up early_______ catch the early bus to Guangzhou.
A. for B. in order that C. in order to D. so that
7. The diamond necklace______ them thirty-six thousand francs.
A. spent B. paid C. cost D. gave
8. He_______ teaching two years ago because of poor health.
A. gave to B. gave in C. gave off D. gave up
9. Tom_______ get up late in the past, but now he_______ getting up early.
A. used to; is used to B. is used to; used to
C. used to be; used to D. be used to; be used to be
10. I_______ my father to stop smoking, but he didn’t listen.
A. persuaded B. advised C. hoped D. suggested
11. In that country, about 10% of the population__________ farmers now.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
12. Many smokers also support the ban__________ in public places.
A. on smoking B. of smoking C. against smoking D. in smoking
13. __________ late, he set his alarm clock at 5 tomorrow morning.
A. To be B. So as to be C. In order nor to be D. Not in order to
14. －Why did he made marks on some trees?
－______ his way back easily.
A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found
15. －We don’t know how to do it.
－Why not_______ our teacher_______ help?
A. ask; for B. turn; for C. call; for D. send; for
16. The young was praised__________ what he had done for the old granny.
A. because B. as C. since D. because of
17. When I got to the classroom last night, I found my dictionary_______.
A. gone B. lose C. disappeared D. missed
18. The servant was very_______. He fell_______ very soon.
A. sleep; sleepy B. sleepy; asleep C. sleepy; sleeping D. sleeping; sleepy
19. Will you_________ me which of them to buy?
A. have B. hope C. advise D. make
20. The pilot felt something__________ wrong with the engine before the plane took off.
A. go B. was going C. went D. to go
1-5 CBABB 6-10 CCDAB 11-15 AACCA 16-20 DABCA
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