考点二 代词

聚焦考点☆温习理解

代词的基本概念

代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。

一、人称代词

人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。

eg. She gave me a red apple.她给了我一个红苹果： (She作主语,me作动词宾语) Kath is near him.凯西靠近他。(介词near的宾语)

二、物主代词

1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。

①形容词性物主代词位于名词前：their school, his backpack. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。

②名词性物主代词相当干一个名词,在句中可作主语、宾语等，后面不能再接名词。 eg. It isn’t my pen.→Mine(=my pen) is missing.(作主语) I left my pen at home. You can use hers(=her pen),(作宾语)

③―of+名词性物主代词‖属双重所有格的一种形式。eg. a cat of hers她的一条狗,a friend of yours你的一个

三、指示代词

指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。

2. that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。

3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如：

Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai．

4. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。

5. ①指示代词有单复数之分，既可指物，也可用于介绍人。

eg. This is an apple tree, and that is an orange tree.这是一棵苹果树，那是一棵桔子树。 These are my friends, and that is my sister.这些是我朋友，那个是我姐姐。

②指示代词可用来指上文中提到的事情： eg. Steve had a bad cold. This/That was why he didn’t come to school yesterday

四、反身代词

英语中用来表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我们自己”，“你们自己”等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，其形式如表所示。反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。

eg. A few days later, I myself had to go to Paris.(作同位语) She bought herself a new bag.(作动词宾语)

He’s not worried about himself.(作介词宾语)

五、不定代词

不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。

1. some与any的区别

2. few， a few， little， a little在用法上的区别

3. other， the other， another， others， the others

4. every与each的区别。

5. all和both的用法。

六、相互代词

表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。在当代英语中，each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。

eg. For years, the two sisters looked after one another(each other)。多年来姐妹俩互相照顾。

We should learn from each other. 我们应当互相学习。

七、疑问代词

疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。

八、关系代词

关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who， whose，whom， that， which. 它们在句中可用作主语，表语，宾语，定语。 在主句中，它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。

9、带有反身代词的常用短语。

teach oneself 自学 help oneself to 随便吃些…吧 say to oneself 自言自语。 learn……by oneself 自学… enjoy oneself 过得愉快 leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下 hurt oneself 伤了自己 dress oneself 自己穿衣服 come to oneself 苏醒过来

名师点睛☆典例分类

类型一、人称代词和物主代词

【例1】【2016北京中考】My brother will come to see me tomorrow. I’ll meet at the airport.

A. her B. you C. him D. them

【点睛】本题考查了人称代词和物主代词的用法。英语中人称代词常和物主代词，反身代词在一起考查，区别它们的主要方法就是词义的不同和句法功能的不同，学习中要注意牢记这些词的基本用法和应用特点。

【举一反三】

1. 【2016福建福州中考】﹣I can’t find my eraser．May I use _______？

﹣Of course．

A．you B．your C．yours

2. 【2016贵州毕节中考】My grandma and grandpa are teachers. They both like ______students.

A. her B. his C. theirs D. their

3. 【2016贵州六盘水中考】– Whose book is it?

- It’s ______.

A. I B. my C. me D. mine

类型二、指示代词和不定代词

【例2】【2016贵州黔东南州中考】–I feel a little hungry, Mom.

--There are some pieces of bread on the plate. You can take ______.

A. one B. it C. this D. that

【点睛】英语中指示代词一般和人称代词，不定代词one在一起考查，其用法区别主要是指代对象的不同。

【举一反三】

1. 【2016江苏无锡中考】 —I can’t find the magazine I bought this morning.

—Well, Jack is reading ___________ over there. Why not go and see if it is yours?

A. it B. that C. one D. some

2.【2016天津中考】I can’t find my ticket. I think I have lost .

A. it B. one C. at D. on

3. 【2016山东泰安中考】 I found ______ had changed a lot when I went to my hometown again.

A. there B. it C. the D. this

类型三、不定代词

【例3】【2016贵州黔南州中考】I’ve been so bored for a long time. I hope to have ______ to do.

A. exciting anything B. nothing exciting C. something interesting D. good something

【例4】【2016河南中考】--- What a bad day!

--- Everyone has one of those days When goes right.

A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something

【点睛】不定代词的应用是初中英语考查的重点，熟记每个代词的用法，注意每个代词之间用法含义上的不同。解题时结合语境具体分析，选择正确答案。

【举一反三】

1. 【2016福建厦门中考】 — What a great thing to have a robot at home!

— Robots are really useful. One day they will help people do almost ________.

A. something B. everything C. nothing

2.【2016安徽中考】Helen has got two brothers. of them likes chocolate, but she loves it.

A. Neither B. None C. Each D. Any

3. 【2016湖北武汉中考】---There’ re four bedrooms in the house_______with its own shower.

---That’s what I want. I’ve got a few kids.

A.either B.neither C.each D.none

类型四、疑问代词

1.【2016四川绵阳中考】—______is the boy with a pair of glasses?

— My brother, John.

A. How B. Who C. Where D. What

【点睛】考试中，疑问代词通常和疑问副词一起考查，解答此类的关键是理解这些代词和副词的词义，用法特点，然后通过上下文语境选择合适答案。

【举一反三】见疑问副词一节

类型五、关系代词

1.【2016福建厦门中考】 — I’d like to read some Chinese classics. Any suggestion?

— Journey to the West. It’s a book ________ is about Monkey King.

A. what B. who C. that

【点睛】定语从句的解题把握好基本的概念及关系代词关系副词分别指的人或物时所对应的不同的用法。对于关系代词还是关系副词的选择，则要看定语从句中如果缺少主语、宾语就用关系代词，既不缺主语也不全宾语则用关系副词作状语。

【举一反三】见从句一节

课时作业☆能力提升

1. 【2016湖北荆州中考】—Mike, who helped make the paper plane?

—Nobody! I made it all by myself.

A. your B. yours C. you D. yourself

2. -【2016四川雅安中考】Be careful with the knife. You may hurt .

A. himself B. ourselves C. myself D. yourself

3.【2016四川绵阳中考】It is a good habit of ______ to read something before going to bed.

A. I B. me C. my D. mine

4. 【2016山东滨州】﹣Don't be angry with your kid when he makes a mistake again，will you？

﹣No，I won't．I know that ______of us are perfect after all．

A.none B.neither C.each D.all

5. 【2016江苏南通】—Shall we get together this Saturday or Sunday evening?

— is OK. I'm free this weekend．

A．Both B．Either C．Neither D．None

6. 【2016湖南衡阳】On the way to Mount Heng, the scenery was so beautiful that all of us lost ______ in it.

A. myself B. themselves C. ourselves

7. 【2016湖南邵阳】—David, is that __________ English dictionary?

—Yes, it is __________ . It is new.

A. yours; my B. your; my C. your; mine

8. 【2016江苏常州】Though Kongfu Panda 3 is popular with teenagers, it won't be liked by ______.

A. nobody B. somebody C. everybody D. anybody

9. 【2016贵州黔西南】Is there in today’s newspaper?

A.something important B.anything important

C.important something D.important anything

10.【2016黑龙江哈尔滨】 —Which of the two T-shirt would you like lo choose?

—Both. Then I can give one lo my brother and leave _______ lo myself.

A. another B. the other C. other

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