蒃传统农业和现代农业
薂 作为第二届“现代青年农场主班”的学生，我认为我们这个班级的名称“现代青年农场主”的重点有两个，一个是“青年”，的确，我们都是新时代的大学生，我们是90后，我们是最年轻的一代；另一个是“现代”，这个是最核心的，我们的存在是为了将来为现代农业服务的，是为了帮助中国农业实现现代化的，绝不是干那个历史悠久的传统农业的。那么，什么是传统农业，什么是现代农业，它们有什么区别呢？我想这是我们青年农场主班首先要弄明白的一件事，下面就是我对现代农业和传统农业的一些观点和想法。
袆 As the second session "Modern Youth farmer class" students, I think the name of our class "modern young farmer," the focus has two, one is the "youth" and, indeed, we are college students a new era, we are 90, we are the youngest generation; the other is the "modern", this is the core of our existence is to the future of modern agriculture and services, to help China modernize agriculture, is not that the historic dry traditional agriculture. So, what is traditional agriculture, what is modern agriculture, they have what is the difference? I think this is a young farmer class first thing we have to understand, here is my traditional agriculture to modern agriculture and some of the views and ideas.
蚆 对于传统农业的定义，不同的人有不同的看法。我看过很多专家学者对传统农业的定义，结合我自己的理解。我认为，传统农业的基础是自然资源，包括土地、生物、阳光等等。生产的主要方式是以家庭为单位，目的是为了自给自足。传统农业有几个非常明显的外在表现，生产工具简陋、劳动者知识缺乏、土地和水资源完全依靠大自然、劳动力投入巨大、生产方式封闭僵化、经济效益低、如果扩大生产就难以再发展、生产力水平停滞。
袄据考古发现，中国已经有7000年的栽桑养蚕史和6400年的稻作农业史。由此可见，中国的传统农业文化历史悠久。中国几千年农业文化可以概括为“男耕女织”。直到上个世纪中期的中国农村，农业生产动力仍然依靠牛耕和人力。农具和生产技术基本沿用传统方式。一直到现在，中国农业发展仍然落后，没有完全摆脱牛耕和人力。
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2.肀traditional agriculture
罿 For the definition of traditional agriculture, different people have different views. I have seen many scholars definition of traditional agriculture, combined with my own understanding. I think, based on traditional agriculture is natural resources, including land, biological, sunlight and so on. The main mode of production is based on the family unit, the purpose of self-sufficiency. Traditional agriculture there are several very obvious external manifestations, production tools, simple, lack of knowledge workers, land and water resources entirely on the nature of labor into a huge, enclosed rigid mode of production, low cost, and if it will be difficult to expand the production and further development level of productivity stagnation.
螆According to archaeological discoveries, China has 7,000 years of history of mulberry sericulture and agricultural history of 6400 years of rice. Thus, the Chinese culture has a long history of traditional agriculture. Chinese culture for thousands of years of agriculture can be summarized as "farming men and women weave." Until the mid-century rural China still relies on the power of agricultural production and human cattle farming. Basic tools and production techniques using traditional methods. Until now, China's agricultural development is still lagging behind, not completely get rid of cattle farming and manpower.
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蒂 在说现代农业之前呢，我们首先要说说20世纪初期欧美发达国家兴起的“化学农业”和“石油农业”。顾名思义，“化学”是指各种农业上使用的化学品，最主要的是农药和化肥。而“石油”是指以石油为能源的农业机械。化学农业和石油农业是一种农业现代化生产方式，尽管缓解了人口与食物之间的矛盾，但相比几千年的传统农业，现代农业只不过是农业文明史中的短暂一瞬，却已经导致了广泛的环境污染、生态破坏的问题。
膀 我认为，现代农业是农业发展的必然趋势，但是化学农业和石油农业带来的种种问题也是现代农业开始阶段必然的矛盾，随着科技进步，现代农业在造福人类的同时也会与环境协调发展。
蒇现代农业是一个动态的和历史的概念，它不是一个抽象的东西，而是一个具体的事物，它是农业发展史上的一个重要阶段。从发达国家的传统农业向现代农业转变的过程看，实现农业现代化的过程包括两方面的主要内容：一是农业生产的物质条件和技术的现代化，利用先进的科学技术和生产要素装备农业，实现农业生产机械化、电气化、信息化、生物化和化学化；二是农业组织管理的现代化，实现农业生产专业化、社会化、区域化和企业化。
袅 In modern agriculture, it said before, we must first talk about the rise of the early 20th century American and European countries "chemical agriculture" and "oil agriculture." As the name implies, "chemistry" refers to a variety of chemicals used in agriculture, most notably pesticides and fertilizers. The "oil" means oil for energy agricultural machinery. Chemical agriculture and oil is an agricultural modernization of agricultural production, despite easing the conflict between population and food, but compared to the thousands of years of traditional farming, modern agriculture is only a short history of agricultural civilization in the moment, but it has led to a wide range of environmental pollution, ecological damage problems.
袃 I think that modern agriculture is the inevitable trend of agricultural development, but the problems of agriculture and petroleum chemical agriculture is inevitable contradictions brought the beginning of modern agriculture, with advances in technology, modern agriculture, but also in the benefit of mankind and environmental development .
羂Modern agriculture is a dynamic concept and history, it is not an abstract thing, but as a concrete thing, it is an important stage in the history of agricultural development. To look at the process of modern agriculture transformation from traditional agriculture in developed countries, agricultural modernization process including the main two aspects: First, the material conditions of modern agricultural production and technology, the use of advanced science and technology and agriculture equipment production elements to achieve agriculture mechanization, electrification, information technology, biotechnology and chemical technology; the second is the organization and management of modern agriculture, agricultural production professional, social, regional and enterprise.
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螂无论传统农业还是现代农业，其生产目的都是为了永续不断地从农业生态系统中获取物质能够满足人类社会需要。现代农业是传统农业的发展，现代农业生产的基本原理仍然来自于传统农业，但是现代农业有很多本质上的不同。
蕿Whether traditional or modern agricultural farming, the production goal is to continue to obtain material from sustainable agro-ecosystems in order to be able to meet the needs of human society. Modern agriculture is the development of traditional agriculture, the basic principles of modern agricultural production still comes from traditional farming, modern agriculture on a lot of different nature.
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芅现代农业的核心是科学化，特征是商品化，方向是集约化，目标是产业化。这就意味着现代农业与传统农业有四个方面的不同。第一，现代农业生产更加的科学，在生产技术，产量控制等各方面体现出来，比如订单农业的产生，传统农业经常出现农产品滞销现象，而现代农业运用各种统计数据合理确定市场对某种农产品的需求，实现按需生产。第二现代农业生产的农产品是同工业产品没有区别的，都是商品，而不仅仅是满足自己的生活需求。第三，现代农业促进了人力资源的合理配置，将出现服务农业生产前，生产过程中，和生产后的新型职业农民，比如专门耕地的农民，做植物保护的农民和收获农产品的农民。而不是传统农业中所有的事都是一个人干。第四，现代农业将实现农业的产业化，我们都知道工业产品有品牌，而农产品却很少有，现代农业发展会实现这一点。
膂Modern agriculture is the core of scientific, characterized by commercialization, the direction is intensive, the goal is industrialization. This means that modern agriculture and traditional agriculture in four different areas. First, modern agricultural production is more scientific, reflected in all aspects of production technology, production control, such as contract farming produce, and traditional agriculture often produce unsalable phenomenon, and modern agriculture reasonable use of various statistical data to determine the market for some demand for agricultural products, on-demand production. The second modern agricultural production of industrial products, agricultural products is the same no difference, all commodities, not just to meet their living needs. Third, modern agriculture to promote the rational allocation of human resources, will appear before the service of agricultural production, the production process, and a new career after farmers, farmers such as specialized arable farmers, farmers do plant protection and harvesting of agricultural products. Instead of traditional agriculture in all things is a person dry. Fourth, modern agriculture will realize the industrialization of agriculture, we all know that there are brands of industrial products, and produce very few, modern agricultural development will achieve this.
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衿根据以上的几点不同，我们可以得到，现代农业可以实现传统农业所不能达到的种植、养殖、加工的结合，使农业、工业、商业联系的更紧密。
Depending on the points above, we can get that modern agriculture can not be achieved by traditional agriculture combined planting, breeding, processing, agricultural, industrial, commercial links more closely.
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