Unit 1 What’s the matter?
知识要点1. have a cold
have a cold是动词短语,意为“患感冒,伤风”,也可以说成catch a cold/get a cold或take a cold。其中have表示“患病,得病”,不能用于进行时态,但可与一段时间连用,表示状态;而catch/get a cold则表示瞬时动作,不能同一段时间连用。例如:
I have had a cold for three days. 我感冒三天了。
此句也可以表达为:
I had/caught/got a cold three days ago.
【拓展】
表示人体某部位“痛”时的几种结构:
(1)have a + 身体部位名词后加-ache构成。例如:
have a headache 头痛
have a toothache 牙痛
have a stomachache胃痛
(2)have a sore + 身体部位名词。例如:
have a sore throat 喉咙痛
have a sore arm 胳膊痛
have a sore foot 脚痛
(3)身体部位 + hurt/ache。例如:
My eyes hurt. 我眼睛痛。
My legs ache. 我腿疼。
(4)have a pain in/ on + the + 身体部位。例如:
I have a pain in the arm. 我胳膊痛。
(5)There is something wrong with + one’s + 身体部位。例如:
There is something wrong with your eyes. 你的眼睛有毛病。
2. rest
(1)rest作及物动词,意为“使休息”,作不及物动词,意为“休息”。例如:
You should rest your eyes after a lot of reading.
在大量阅读之后,你应该休息一下你的眼睛。
I’m tired, and I want to rest. 我累了,我想休息。
(2)rest也可以作名词,常用搭配have a rest,表示“休息一下”。例如:
You have a cold,and should have a rest.
你感冒了,应该休息一下。
3. break
(1)break作不及物,意为“弄碎,破碎”。break的过去式为broke,过去分词为broken。例如:Glass is easily broken. 玻璃容易破碎。
(2)break作及物动词,意为“弄碎,弄断”。例如:
Li Ming broke his left leg last night. 昨晚李明摔断了左腿。
(3)break作及物动词,意为“不遵守”。例如:
As a student, you shouldn’t break school rules.
作为学生,你不该违反学校规则。
【拓展】
(1) break down 意为“(机器)坏了”。例如:
We are sorry to arrive late, because the car broke down.
我们很抱歉到晚了,因为车抛锚了。
(2)break into 表示“破门而入”。例如:
I caught two men trying to break into the office. 我瞧见两个人想闯入我的办公室。
(3)break out 表示“(战争、瘟疫、火灾等)爆发”。例如:
World War II broke out in September 1939. 第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。
4. hurt
(1)hurt作及物动词,意为“使受伤,使弄痛”,过去分词和过去式都是hurt。例如:
He hurt his right knee. 他伤了右膝。
I hope you haven’t hurt yourself. 但愿你没有受伤。
(2) hurt 既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。例如:
You hurt her feelings when you said she was fat.
你说她胖,伤害了她的感情了。
I don’t mean to hurt you. 我并非有意伤害你。
(3)hurt作不及物动词,意为“疼痛”。例如:
My feet hurt when I walk. 我走路时脚疼。
I had a fever and my head hurt. 我感冒了而且头痛。
5. free
free作及物动词,意为“使自由”。例如:
Can you free me for half an hour? 你能让我自由一个小时吗?
【拓展】
(1)free作形容词,表示“自由的;空闲的”。例如:
You are free to ask questions. 你可以请随便问。
Are you free tomorrow?你有空吗?
(2)free还可作“免费的”。例如:
Are the drinks free? 这饮料是免费的吗?
The books are given away free. 这些书是免费赠送的。
(3)free的副词freely可表示“自由地,随便地等”,可位于动词之前或之后。例如:
You may speak freely. 你可以直言。
He could write freely about it now. 他可以自由地写这个事了。
6. mean
(1)mean作及物动词,表示“打算,意味着”,后接名词,动词不定式短语或从句。例如:
The red light means “Stop”. 红灯表示停止。
I mean to go shopping. 我的意思是去购物。
The sign means that the road is blocked. 这个标志表示此路不通。
(2)mean的名词形式是“meaning”,表示“意思、含义”。例如:
What’s the meaning of the word? 这个单词的是什么意思?
(3)What do / did you mean by...? 该句型的意思是“你……是什么意思?” 例如:
What do you mean by acting like this? 你这样做是什么意思?
7. lie
lie是动词,意为“躺”,过去式和过去分词分别为lay和lain,现在分词为lying。例如:
I found he was lying on the ground. 我发现他躺在地上。
【拓展】
(1) lie有“位于”的意思。例如:
A temple lies on the top of the mountain. 一座寺庙位于山顶之上。
(2) lie作动词时,也可意为“撒谎”,过去式和过去分词是规则的,均为lied。lie也可用作名词,意为“谎言”。例如:
Don’t lie to me.不要向我撒谎。
The boy told a lie to me. 这个男孩向我撒了谎。
(3)英语中,部分以-ie结尾的动词的-ing形式必须改ie为y再加-ing。例如:
die → dying tie → tying lie → lying
8. breathe
breathe可以作不及物动词也可以作及物动词,意为“呼吸”。例如:
The old man is breathing hard.这位老人呼吸困难。
It’s good to breathe fresh air. 呼吸新鲜空气有好处。
【拓展】
辨析breathe和breath
这两个词都是表示“呼吸”的意思,但词性不同。breath 是名词;breathe 是动词。例如:
He has run himself out of breath.
他跑得上气不接下气。
It’s healthy to breathe deeply in the morning
早上做深呼吸对身体有益。
breath的常用短语: take a deep breath 深呼吸;out of breath上气不接下气
9. ourselves
ourselves是反身代词,意为“我们自己”。表示“某人自己”的代词,叫反身代词,也叫自身代词。反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语和同位语,需要注意反身代词与所指代的名词或代词在人称、性别和数上保持一致。
反身代词的构成是:
第一人称和第二人称是“形容词性物主代词+-self/selves”。例如:myself(我自己),ourselves(我们自己),yourself(你自己),yourselves(你们自己)
第三人称是“宾格代词+-self/selves”;单数形式是加-self,复数形式是加-selves。例如:himself(他自己),herself(她自己),itself(它自己),themselves(他们自己)
注意:对于单数人称的反身代词加-self,对于复数人称的反身代词加-selves。
常用短语有:
by oneself 某人独自 enjoy oneself=have a good time 玩得开心
teach oneself 自学 help oneself to… 随便吃、喝……
dress oneself 自己穿衣服 hurt oneself 伤了自己
巩固基础题
I. 英汉词组互译。
1. have a cold _________ 2. 量体温_________
3. to one’s surprise_________ 4. 同意做某事_________
5. be used to doing sth... ________ 6. 看医生________
7. run out of_______ 8. 下车________
9. thanks to ________ 10. 及时________
II. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。
1. Do you______ (介意) if I open the window?
2.Be careful,not to _______(受伤) yourself.
3.Tom is in a difficult s_______.
4.I have made a d_______ about my study goal for the new term.
5.We should look after o_______ when we are alone at home.
6.If you have a fever,you s_______ lie down and rest.
7.I have a _______(牙疼),so I want to see a dentist(牙医).
8.They retire(退休) and have a lot of f_______ time.
III.从括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.It’s hard to make a _______(decide) now.
2.Is she used to _______(walk) after supper?
3.The _______(die) of her lovely cat makes her sad.
4.As time goes by,we can realize the _______(important) of love.
5._______ he _______(have) a sore back?
6.He should _______(have) some hot water.
7.Look! A dog _______(lie) at the door.
8.We are _______(surprise) at the news.
9.He kept on _______(work) though his leg hurt.
10.No one can be successful _______(with) hard work.
【参考答案】
I. 英汉词组互译。
1.感冒 2.take one’s temperature 3.使某人吃惊 4.agree to do sth.
5.习惯于做…… 6.go to see a doctor 7.用尽;耗尽 8.get off
9. 多亏;由于 10. in time
II. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。
1.mind 2.hurt 3. situation 4. difference
5. ourselves 6. should 7. toothache 8. free
III.从括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. decision 2.walking 3. death 4.importance 5. Does,have
6.have 7. is lying 8.surprised 9. working 10. without
1. What’s the matter?
What’s the matter?和What’s wrong?是用来询问对方出了什么毛病或问题,意为“怎么了?”,是医生询问病人病情时的常用语。例如:
— What’s the matter? 你怎么了?
—I have a stomachache. 我胃疼。
—What’s wrong, Tom? Tom怎么了?
—I don’t feel very well. 我感觉不太舒服。
【拓展】
What’s the matter?和What’s wrong?后可接with sb. / sth.,即What’s the matter with sb./ sth.?或What’s wrong with sb./sth.?意为“某人/某物怎么了?”例如:
What’s the matter with you? = What’s wrong with you? 你怎么了?
—What’s wrong / What’s the matter with your leg? 你的腿怎么了?
—Nothing. 没什么。
注意:matter是名词,其前只能加定冠词the;wrong是形容词,前面不需要加任何冠词。
不能说What’s your wrong? 和What’s your matter?
2. —What should she do?
—She should take her temperature.
should作情态动词,意为“应当,应该”。表示义务、责任,可用于各种人称,无人称和数的变化,也不能单独作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气和情态;否定形式为should not,缩写为shouldn’t。其主要用法有:
(1) 表示责任和义务,意为“应该”。例如:
You should take your teacher’s advice. 你应该听从你老师的建议。
You shouldn’t be late for class. 你不应该上课迟到。
(2) 表示推断,意为“可能,该”。例如:
The train should have already left. 火车可能已经离开了。
3. But to his surprise,they all agreed to go with him.
(1) surprise作动词时,意为“使……惊奇,使……感到意外、吃惊”。例如:
What surprised you? 什么事使你感到意外?
(2) surprise作不可数名词时,表示“惊奇,惊异”。例如:
Her face showed surprise at the news.
听到这个消息,她的脸上露出了惊奇的表情。
(3) surprise作可数名词时,表示“惊奇、惊讶、意外的事或吃惊的事”。例如:
He gave me a surprise by arriving early.
他的早到使我大感意外。
(4)作名词用时常可构成如下短语:
to one’s surprise意为“使某人吃惊的是……”;in surprise意为“吃惊地 ”。例如:
To my surprise, he passed the exam.
使我吃惊是,他竟然通过了考试。
He looked at me in surprise. 他吃惊地望着我。
4. He was not ready to die that day.
(1)ready 作形容词,意为“准备好的”。例如: Is everything ready? 一切都准备好了吗?
Are you ready? 你准备好了吗?
(2)be/get ready to + 动词原形,意为“准备做……”。例如:I’m getting ready to travel. 我正准备去旅行。
【拓展】
be ready for意为“准备去……”,后接名词或动名词,同义短语为get ready for。例如:I’m ready for bed. 我正准备睡觉。
The chicken will soon be ready for the pot.
这些鸡肉很快就可以准备下锅了。
5. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn’t mind taking risks.
mind作及物动词,意为“介意、照料、留神、注意”。常用于疑问句、否定句、条件句中,后面接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或从句。例如:
Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗?
Don’t mind me.不要管我。
【拓展】
mind还可作名词,意为“智力、头脑、想法、意见”。例如:
He has quick mind. 他头脑敏锐。
Tom changed his mind at last. 最后Tom改变了主意。
I. 按括号中的要求改写句子。 1. We had a good time in the park yesterday. (同义句转换) We ________ ________ in the park yesterday. 2. Sleeping eight hours a night is very important. (同义句转换) ________ very important ________ ________ eight hours a night. 3. It’s important that we should eat a balanced diet. (同义句转换) It’s important ________ ________ ________ ________ a balanced diet. 4. What’s the matter with you? (同义句转换) What’s ________ ________ you? 5. I think I have a cold. (改为否定句) I ________ ________ I ________ a cold. 6. She has a toothache. (对划线部分提问) ________ the ________ ________ her? 7. My head hurts. (同义句转换) I ________ a ________. 8. There is a tall building in front of my house. (同义句转换) A tall building ________ in front of my house. 9. He need not return the book three days ago. (同义句转换) He ________ ________ ________ return the book three days ago. 10. I hope to buy a present for my mother with my own money. (同义句转换) I hope ________ I ________ ________ a present for my mother with my own money.
II.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. — 你的手表怎么了? — 它不走了。 — ________ ________ ________ your watch? — It’s doesn’t work. 2. 多吃蔬菜和水果对我们来说是必要的。 It’s necessary ________ us ________ ________ more fruit and vegetables. 3. 那个男孩喜欢用英语和别人说话。 The boy ________ ________ ________ others in English. 4. — 你怎么了? — 我牙疼。 — ________ ________ ________? — I have a ________. 5. 你看上去气色不好,请躺下休息一下吧。 You don’t look ________. Please ________ ________ and have a rest. 6. 你应该帮助你母亲做家务。 You ________ ________ your mother ________ the housework.
7. 你介意调低音乐吗?
Would you ________ _______ _______the music?
8. 所有学生在为运动会做准备。
All the students ______ ______ ______ ______the sports meeting.
III. 从方框里选择下列句子的对应答语。
1. You look sick. What’s the matter? __________
2. I don’t want to eat meat for lunch. _________
3. I feel really ill. What should I do? __________
4. Let’s have soup instead of pizza. __________
5. I have a bad toothache.__________
【参考答案】
I. 按括号中的要求改写句子。
1. enjoyed ourselves 2. It’s; to sleep 3. for us to eat 4. wrong with 5. don’t think; have 6. What’s; matter with 7. have; headache 8. lies/ 9. didn’t need to 10. that; can buy
II.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. What’s wrong with 2. for; to eat 3. enjoys/likes talking with/to 4. What’s the matter; toothache 5. well; lie down 6. should help; with/do 7.mind turning down 8. are getting ready for
III. 从方框里选择下列句子的对应答语。
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. E
本文来源:https://www.2haoxitong.net/k/doc/d54bbc1ef5335a8102d220d9.html
文档为doc格式