have的意义及其后各种结构的用法
实义动词have有不同意义,它还可以构成不同的结构,用来表达不同的意义｡下面分别举例说明｡
1. ① I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做｡
I have a lot of books to read. 此句中的have作“有”讲,后面的to do是定语,修饰名词work｡ to do与work之间呈逻辑上的动宾关系,因此to do后面不能再跟宾语｡
Engish is hard to learn it
② I am going to Beijing tomorrow.
Do you have anything to be taken to your grandmother?
我打算明天去北京,你有什么东西要我给你祖母带去吗?
I have something to do
此句中的have仍作“有”讲,后面的to be taken to your grandmother作定语,修饰anything｡
从意义上讲, anything只能是“明天被带给”你的祖母,因此,动词不定式应用被动形式｡
2. The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father. 士兵们让那男孩背对他的父亲站着｡
此句中的have作“迫使”讲,是个使役动词,后面跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语｡
“had the boy stand”相当于“let the boy stand”或“get the boy to stand”｡
Let sb do
Make sb do
Have sb do
Get sb to do
3. ① I’ve just had some photos taken. 我刚才照了几张照片｡ ② She had her leg broken in the match. 比赛中她摔断了腿｡ ③ We won’t have anything said against our motherland. 我们绝不允许任何人说祖国的坏话｡ ④ A week ago, I had a hundred dollars saved. 一星期之前我存了100美元｡
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