8B Unit1
1. ask permission 报请批准
permission [U]准许，批准 Tell him to ask my permission before he borrows something.
They took away the books without permission.
2. raise vt.筹集，筹募
They are raising money for the people who lost homes in the earthquake.
1) 举起；抬起 Don’t raise your hand.
2) 养育；饲养；种植 I’m very tired because I must raise a family.
3) 提高，升高 Don’t raise your voice.
3. Could you do sth.?你能做某事吗？，用于委婉地请求别人做某事，could在此不是can的过去式，而是表示一种委婉客气的语气。有时也在you后加pleas，即Could you please do sth.?
—Could you (please) close the door?
—Yes, sure.
4. give sb. a hand帮助某人，相当于help sb.
Come on, let me give you a hand.
5. talk to与……交谈 I want to talk to my mother about the bike.
My teacher often talks to me and helps me.
talk about谈论（某人、某事等）
Please talk about the picture.
6. without prep.没有；不，其反义词with
Can you finish your homework without my help?
He left the classroom without saying a word.
7. sick adj.生病的
Her mother is very sick.
辨析：ill与sick
8. teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事
Could you teach me to paint Chinese paitings?
9. offer v.主动提出
10. during prep.在……期间
We often go swimming during the summer.
He came to see me during my illness.
I only saw her once during my stay in Rome.
辨析：during, in与for
11. suffer from sth.因某事受苦，受折磨，其后常接表示疾病、痛苦、寒冷、饥饿、悲伤的词语，无被动语态。
Many teenagers are suffering from the computer games.
His child is suffering from a bad cold.
This country often suffers from floods and drought.
12. serious adj.严重的；严肃的seriously adv.严重地；严肃地
There is nothing serious.
He looks serious, but he is very kind.
13.I met a girl called Cindy.
1)作定语是过去分词的用法之一，过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面。
I like the songs sung by Liu Huan.
2)过去分词（短语）作定语相当于一个定语从句
I like the books written by Lu Xun.= I like the books that were written by Lu Xun.
13. take photos of给……拍照，take photos拍照
Tony enjoys taking photos.
His uncle took lots of photos of animals in danger.
14. There be句型。there be句型表示存在，某地有某物，be动词应与紧跟其后主语的单复数形式保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is或was,主语是复数可数名词时用are或were.
There is some bread on the plate.
There was a lot of rain in a week.
There are seven days in a week.
当there be句型中有几个并列的主语时，be动词的形式通常与离其最近的主语的单复数形式保持一致。
There is a pen and two books on the desk.
There are two boys and a teacher over there.
15. tell vt.讲述；告诉，tell stories讲故事
Can you tell stories in English?
辨析：tell, talk, speak与say
He likes to tell jokes.
He tells me that he wants to be a teacher.
Please talk to him right now.
He can speak English and a little Chinese.
Can you say it in English once more?
16. help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事,help sb. with sth.
He often helps me (to) study English.
=He often helps me with my English.
help oneself to sth.随便吃某物
Help yourselves to some fish, children.
can’t help doing禁不住做……
She can’t help laughing.
17. express vt.表达，表露
Bill is not afraid to express his opinions.
expression n.表达，表示
18. spend vt.度过，消磨
He spent his holiday in the country with his friends.
spend 花费 How much money do you spend each week?
sb.+ spend(s)+money /time (in) doing sth.
sb.+ spend(s)+money/time on sth.
They spend a lot of time watching TV every day.
He doesn’t spend much money on food.
19. die vi.死， dies, died, dying
His grandfather died in 1996.
He died 3 years ago.
He has been dead for 3 years.
20. unhappy adj.否定前缀 un-, in-, im-,ir-,dis-
1)大多数形容词加前缀un- able unable friendly unfriendly
2)以c或e开头的形容词通常加前缀in-构成反义词
correct incorrect expensive unexpensive
3)以p开头的形容词通常加前缀im-
possible-impossible polite impolite
4)以r开头的形容词通常加前缀ir-
regular irregular（不规则的）
5)有些形容词加前缀dis-构成反义词
honest dishonest
含有加前缀构成的反义形容词的句子不属于否定句。在改为反意疑问句时，附加问句部分仍用否定形式。
He is unhappy today, isn’t he?
21. lonely adj.孤独的，寂寞的
He led a lonely life with few friends.
辨析：lonely与alone
22. need 实义动词，“需要”，后面可接名词、代词或动词不定式。
They don’t need any help.
He needs to have a good rest.
need情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，主要用于否定和疑问句中。
You needn’t become very nervous.
—Must I bring my homework now?
—No, you needn’t. You can bring it tomorrow.
23. continue vt.使继续；使连续，其后接动词不定式或动名词作宾语，且都表示“继续做某事”
They continued to have a party.
Mike continued reading the book.
continue vi.继续；连续；延伸
The snow continued for two days.
continue with sth.
You can continue with your work.
24. difficulty [U]困难，费劲 have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
I had difficulty (in) working out the maths problems.
have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有麻烦 have problems (in) doing sth.做某事有问题
have fun (in) doing sth.做某事有乐趣
25. bring vt.带来 Liu Nan brought some beautiful flowers yesterday.
辨析：bring, take, get与carry
26. hurt vt.受伤
He fell off a tree and hurt his arm.
hurt vt.伤害You shouldn’t hurt it.
vi.（身体部位）疼痛，使用时应用疼痛的具体部位作主语。
My stomach hurts because I have eaten too many apples.
n.伤痛，伤害，创伤 I mean no hurt to her feelings.
27.like prep.像 You should eat yang foods, like beef.(阳性事物)
Teenagers want to be famous persons like Liu Xiang.
1) look like想起来像 sound like听起来像 feel like doing sth.想做某事
2) like v.喜欢
27. raise one’s spirits 使振奋；使鼓起勇气
My friend’s letter raised my spirits.
28. in the future在将来
I think people will live on the moon in the future.
in future从今以后，相当于from now on
Try your best to study English in future.
future adj.未来的，将来的 We are now more able to predict future patterns of climate change.
29. in good health身体健康，常在句中作表语，相当于healthy,但比healthy意思更丰富。使用时也更灵活。
I hope my parents are in good health.
The old man is in bad health.
30. 1)be afraid of害怕，不敢，其后可接名词、代词或动词
She is afraid of snakers.
I was afraid of going through the woods.
2） be afraid +that 从句,表示“担心/害怕……
He was afraid that he would lose.
3) I’m afraid …恐怕，属于口语中的委婉用语，表示遗憾、惋惜、判断或表示因不愿意做某事而显得语气缓和些，其否定形式为I’m afraid …not…
I’m afraid that I can’t help you.
31. something dangerous危险的事，something为不定代词，dangerous修饰something的后置定语，这一类不定代词有something, everything, anything, nothing, someone/ somebody, everyone/everybody, anyone/ anybody, nobody等。
I have something important to tell you.
Is there anything new in today’s newspaper?
32. make +宾语+形容词，使某人或某物怎么样，形容词在此结构中作宾语补足语
The news made me happy.
Miss Wang always makes her English classes interesting.
33.one of+the +形容词最高级+复数名词 最……之一
The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.
33. read, look, see与watch
34. so that引导目的状语从句，“以便”，从句中常有can, could, may, might等情态动词。So that从句可以转换成“in order+ that从句，in order to do结构。
I worked hard so that I could finish my work on time.
I worked hard in order to finish my work on time.
so that结果，因此 It rained heavily, so that we had to stay at home.
35. enjoy v.喜欢；享受……乐趣
I enjoy watching action movies.
enjoy oneself相当于have fun或have a good/great time过得快乐，玩得愉快
They enjoyed themselves at the evening party.
enjoyable adj.愉快的 Swimming in the sea is enjoyable for me.
36. in hospital 生病住院， in the hospital 在医院里，两者的含义有差别
Mr Wu has in hospital last week.
My parents are in the hospital now.
37. make friends和……交朋友
I want to make friends with people all over the world.
exchange seats交换座位 shake hands with与……握手
take turns to do sth.轮流做某事 join hands with与……联系/合作
38. 1)until 直到……时候，直到……为止,指主句的动作一直持续到until后的动词所表示的动作发生为止。
We walked until it got dark.
Go straight on until you come to the while building.
2）until与非延续性动词连用时，动词用否定形式，“直到……才……”，指主句的动词一直到until后的动词所表示的动作发生时才发生。
The little gir didn’t stop crying until she saw her mother.
3)until也可用作介词，后接表示时间的名词或名词短语。
We’ll stay here until tomorrow.
39.1)pay (sb.) money for sth.付钱（给某人）买某物
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
2)pay for sth.付某物的钱
I have to pay for the lost book.
3)pay for sb.替某人付钱
Don’t worry! I’ll pay for you. 4)pay sb.付钱给某人
They pay us every month.
5)pay money back还钱
May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I’ll pay it back next week.
辨析：pay, spend, take与cost
I paid 5, 000 yuan for the computer.
She spent a lot of money on books.
She spent the whole evening (in) reading.
It takes me three hours to go there.
The pen cost me ten yuan.
39. how much
1) 用于询问不可数名词的数量，意为“多少”
How much rice is there in the bag?
2) 用于询问价格，意为“多少钱”
How much is the pen?
how many多少；几个，用来询问数量，后接可数名词的复数形式。
—How many pencils do you have?
—I have one.
40. use vt.使用，利用
Use your head, and you’ll find a good way.
1) use n.利用，构成短语make use of 利用……
We should make good use of every minute.
2) useful adj.有用的
It’s useful for you to learn English.
41. decide 决定
1） decid ( not) to do sth.
They decide (not) to tell Tom about it.
2)decide on (doing) sth.决定（做）某事
They decide on flying kites.
3) decide +that从句
She has decided that she will be a doctor in the future.
make a decision作决定
He has made a decision to become a sailor.
42. arrive vi.到达，表示到达较小的地方用arrive at，表示到达较大的地方用arrive in
They arrived in
got to Beijing yesterday morning.
Reached
43. feel conj.觉得，感到，后接tired, happy, sad, excited等形容词作表语。常以人作主语。
Mum, I feel hungry. Let’s have dinner.
44. advice [U] 建议 a piece of一些建议
I’ll give you some advice on how to look after your pet dog.
1) give sb. some advice/ give some advice to sb.给某人提一些建议
ask for advice征求意见 follow/ take sb.’s advice接受某人的建议
2) advise v.建议，后接名词、代词或v.-ing形式作宾语，用可用于advise sb. ( not) to do sth.建议某人（不要）做某事
She advised us to wait (for) one more day.
45. ask sb. to do sth.要求/让某人做某事
Mr Li asked us to protect animals in danger.
My mother asked me not to play on the road.
46. forget vt.忘记
辨析：forget to do sth. forget doing sth.
47. hope vt.希望,后面常接动词不定式或从句
I hope to see you soon.
We hope that we could be back before dinner.
辨析：hope与wish
48. would like 想要，想，相当于want,但在语气上比want更加委婉。would like 无人称和数的变化，变一般疑问句时，将would提到主语之前即可。
—Would you like to stay here with us?
—Yes, I’d like to.
1) 在would like 构成的一般疑问句中，表示“一些”和“某物”时应使用some和something,而不是any或anything,因为would like 的问句表示“请求”的语气。
Would you like some bread for supper?
Would you like something to drink?
2) 回答Would you like…?时应注意：would like后接名词或代词时，一般用Yes,please.或No, thanks.回答； would like后接动词不定式时，表示同意用Yes, I’d like/ love to,表示不同意可用I’d love to/like to,but…作委婉的回答。To代替句中的动词不定式，不可省略。
—Would you like some coffee?
—Yes, please. /No, thanks.
—Would you like to join us?
—Yes, I’d love to./I’d like to, but I must do my homework first.
49. take part in参加，通常用于群众性活动、劳动、游行等。侧重参加者持有积极的态度，起一定作用，有时可与join in互换。
Will you take part in the English evening?
All the students took an active part in the thorough cleaning.
辨析：take part in,join与join in
50. thanks for因……而感谢你，相当于thank you for…,其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式
Thanks for your invitation.
Thanks/Thank you for helping me with my homework.
51. be going to+动词原形
—What are you going to do this weekend?
—I’m going to visit my grandparents.
52. play用作动词时，有以下几种常见用法
1） 玩耍，后面不能直接宾语，若接宾语，通常与介词with搭配。
The boy often plays in the street.
He often plays with his little sister.
Don’t play with fire.
2） 打球，后面直接接 表示球类运动的名词
play basketball play volleyball play football
3) 演奏西洋乐器，后面接定冠词the,再加表示西洋乐器的名词。
play the piano play the violin
53. think about, think of, think over
He’s thinking about /of a problem.
I’m thinking about going to America.
The old picture made me think of my childhood.
What do you think of the book?
Let me think it over.
Think over the question before you answer it.
54. in need需要帮助的
The organization provides food for people in need.
55. 辨析which与what
56.名词所有格
56. in order to以便；为了，常用来表示做某事的目的，引导目的状语，后接动词原形。其否定形式为in order not to。由in order to引导的目的状语既可以置于句末，也可以置于句首。
She works hard in order to win the prize.
I’ve written it down in order not to forget.
57. million 百万，与具体数字连用时，不加s，后面直接接复数名词
There are two million people in our city.
millions of数百万的 Millions of people help them in different ways.
58. be able to未能，不能 I will be unable to attend the meeting.
He was unable to move.
Tom is able to write with his left hand.
59. per cent百分之……，常以单数形式出现，前面为基数词。
Thirty per cent of the students in our class walk to school.
We know that in China about 70 per cent of drinking water is from groundwater.
60. because of因为；由于，在句中一般作状语，其后接名词、代词或名词性短语，可置于句首或句末。
They had to stay at home because of a heavy rain.= Because of a heavy rain, they had to stay at home.
61. since then从那时起（到现在），常用于现在完成时。
His motehr began working in 1995. Sh’s been a doctor since then.
62. return vi.返回，回来，相当于come/ go back。后跟地点名词时要用介词to组成return to，return from，若跟地点副词则不用介词
You had better return to the meeting hall after you receive the telephone.
He returnd home at last.
He has returned from Shanghai.
return vt.归还,相当于give back
I borrowed a book from the school library. I haven’t returned it yet.
63.close to靠近 The hotel is close to the beach.
1)v.关闭；关上Close the door, please.
2)adj.近的；亲密的；封闭的 We are close friends.
3)adj.关着的；关闭的 The door is closed.
64.动名词用法
1）作主语：位于句子开头 Playing with fire is dangerous.
2)作宾语：位于动词或介词之后 We all like swimming.
3)作表语：位于be动词之后 Your task is cleaning the bedroom.
4)作定语：通常位于名词之前 Our school has a reading room.
65.change vt.改变；更换；替换 At last, he changed his mind.
I stopped in Moscow only to change planes.
1)vi.变化 The city has changed a lot since 2000.
2)n.改变，变化，转变；零钱，找头 Great changes have taken place in this city since 1973.
66.as prep.作为，当作 He came to China as a tourist five years ago.
She wants to find a job as a language teacher in China.
1) as adv.同样地， He’s as old as me.
2) as conj.像……一样，按照，如同；当……时Do as I do! I saw him as he was getting off the bus.
67.homeless adj.无家可归的 Many homeless children were saved by the government.
He promises to do his best to help that homeless boy.
68.interview vt.采访 This morning I interviewd Danny’s grandpa.
have an interview with sb.采访某人，和某人交谈,相当于interview sb.
The reporter is having an interviw with the film star.
69.plan vt.计划，打算 plan to do sth.计划做某事
We are planning to visit Hong Kong.
Do you know her plan?
70.over prep. 多于，超过，相当于more than
over 1)遍及 They travelld all over the world.
2)在……上方 There is a bridge over the river.
3)越过；横过 Tom jumped over the wall.
71.provide vt.提供，供给
1）provide sth.提供某物 Sheep provide wool.
2)provide sb. with sth./ provide sth. for sb.供给某人某物
Mr Smith provided food for us.= Mr. Smith provided us with food.
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