阅读讲义 二
强调句型
一、定义 一般可用强调句型“It is (was) +that (who) +句子的其余部分”。
1、强调主语时，that或who后面的谓语动词的形式仍然取决于原句中的主语；
be的变化只有is和was两种形式，如果要表示现在时将来时的其它各种形式时，
就用It is…, 表达过去时的各种形式时，用It was….一般要与谓语动词的时态一致。
1. It is I who/ that am an English teacher.
2. It is the boy who/ that speaks English best in the class.
3. It was on Sunday that he gave George this ticket.
4. It is the little girl who/ that has broken the glass.
2、去掉强调结构It is (was) … that(who)…后，剩下的词仍能组成一个完整的句子。
1. It is strange that he didn’t come yesterday.
2. It is you and Tom that didn’t come yesterday.
3、如果强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不可用when, where, why或how，而仍用that。
1. It was because of the accident that he was late.
2. It was not until midnight that they reached the camp site.
4、注意强调句型的否定句和疑问句形式，
1. How did he come here? 强调how: How was it that he came here?
2. Why did he came late? 强调Why: Why was it that he came late?
5、有时，be前可使用表示推测的情态动词。
1. It must be Peter who has let this secret out.
2. It might be last night that they did their homework.
6、强调句型It is/ was… that/ who主要用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语或表语。
如果要强调谓语动词,应该用代动词do及其变形does或did，
这三种形式常用在谓语动词之前，以加强语气。它一般只能强调现在时与过去时。
1. I do wish I could.
2. He does look well.
3. You did give me a fright.
二、注意以下几点
1、被强调部分无论是单数还是复数, It 后的动词均用单数形式, 即 is或 was。
It is they who have finished cleaning the classroom.
2、强调双宾语时，无论是强调直接宾语还是间接宾语，根据适当情况加上介词 to 或 for 等。
1. It was a new dictionary that Tom gave to me last night.
（＝Tom gave me a new dictionary last night. ）
2. It was a red shirt that John bought for me as a birthday present.
（＝John bought me a red shirt as a birthday present. ）
3、对 not... until... 句型强调时, 要把 not 连同 until 短语或从句一起提前。
It was not until I spoke to him that he noticed me.
（＝He didn't notice me until I spoke to him. ）
4、强调特殊疑问句的疑问词时, 要将疑问词置于句首, 句子结构仍是疑问句形式。
1. Where was it that you put the book?
（＝Where did you put the book? ）
2. Who was it that called me this morning?
（＝Who called me this morning? ）
5、此结构还可以强调目的状语、方式状语和以 because 引导的原因状语从句。
但不能强调由 since 或 as 引导的原因状语从句, 及although 和 whereas 引导的句子。
1. It was because he was ill that we decided to return home.
2. Was it in Beijing you first met him?
（＝ Was it in Beijing that you first met him? ）
3. What is it you want me to do?
（＝What is it that you want me to do? ）
三、强调句是一种修辞，可以用修辞的方法来表示强调
1.、用形容词very，only，single，such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气：
1. That's the very textbook we used last term．这正是我们上学期用过的教材。
2. You are the only person here who can speak Chinese．你是这里唯一会讲汉语的人。
3. Not a single person has been in the shop this morning．今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。
4. How dare you buy such expensive jewels？你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢？
2、用ever，never，very，just等副词和badly，highly，really等带有－ly的副词来进行强调：
1. Why ever did you do so？你究竟为什么要这么做？
2. He never said a word the whole day．一整天，他一句话也没说。
3. You've got to be very，very careful．你一定得非常、非常小心。
4. This is just what I wanted．这正是我所要的。
5. He was badly wounded．他伤得很严重。
6. I really don't know what to do next．我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。
3、用in the world，on earth，at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用于疑问句）：
1. Where in the world could he be？他到底会在哪儿？
2. What on earth is it？它究竟是什么？
3. Do you know at all？你到底知不知道？
4、用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感：
1. How interesting a story it is！这是一个多么有趣的故事啊！
2. Oh，what a lie！啊，真是弥天大谎！
5、用重复来表示强调：
1. Why！why！The cage is empty！啊！啊！箱子是空的。
2. They walked for miles and miles．他们走了好多英里。
6、用倒装句（也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首）来加强语气：
1. On the table were some flowers．桌上摆着一些花。（强调地点）
2. Many a time have I climbed that hill．我多次翻过那座山。
3. Only in this way，can we solve this problem．只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。
7、用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调，加强语气：
1. It's because of hard work—ten years of hard work．那是因为艰苦的工作——十年艰苦的工作！
2. He began the work in late May．他在五月底开始的这项工作。（强调时间）
Homework 9.25
用强调句型it is/ was… that/ who强调划线部分
1. She didn’t know her mother was ill in bed until she came home from work.
2. Did his father die during the Second World War?
3. Who broke the window?
4. How did you succeed?
5. He is a teacher now.
6. I bought you the dictionary.
7. I am to blame.
8. You are wrong.
9. I am looking for him.
10. He told me the news at the gate.
1. It was not until she came home from work that she knew her mother was ill in bed.
2. Was it during the Second World War that his father died?
3. Who was it that broke the window?
4. How was it that you succeeded?
5. It is a teacher that he is now.
6. It was for you that I bought the dictionary.
7. It is I who/ that am to blame.
8. It is you who/that are wrong.
9. It is him whom/that I am looking for
10. It was at the gate that he told me the new
Homework 9.27
Homework 9.29
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