说说强调句型

说 说 “强 调 句 型”

湖北省随州市 曾都三中 刘军业

“强调句型”是中学英语教学中的一个重要的句型，也是一个常考的内容。同学们在使用这一句型时，很容易与其它句型混淆而出现错误，在此就“强调句型”的构成及特点作较为详尽的分析，以帮助同学们更好地了解、掌握此句型。

一、“强调句型”的构成。

“强调句型”是由“It is /was +被强调部分+that/who/whom+其它部分”构成的。此句型本身并无意思，就是一个标记，告知读者这是一个“强调句型”而已。它可以用来强调句子的某个成份，如：主语、宾语、状语等。（不能强调谓语） 如：

He saved me yesterday. 他昨天救了我

It was he who/that saved me yesterday. 是他昨天救了我 （强调主语）

It was me that/whom he saved yesterday. 昨天他救的是我 （强调宾语）

It was yesterday that he saved me . 他救我是在昨天 （强调状语）

二、“强调句型”的要领。在使用此句型时，有几点一定要准确在把握。

1．无论被强调部分是单数还是复数，be动词总是用is 或was,因为be 动词的主语是it （第三人称单数），要遵循“主谓一致”的原则。如果是过去的事，用was,否则用is.

2．关于that/who/whom 的选用。一般来说，无论强调什么，都可以用that，如果被强调部分是人且在句子中作主语，则多用who(也可用that)，如果被强调部分是人但在句子中充当宾语或介词宾语，则用whom (间或用that ) 。一定要注意的是：如果被强调部分是时间或地点状语时，只能用that ,而不能用when 或where. 例如：

It was Peter who(that )lent me the money.

It is Tom whom (that ) you should ask . (此句在非正式用语中也可用who)

It was Tom with whom I had my dinner last night.

It was in Shanghai that he was born . （此句中不可用where）

It was in 1985 that he was born. （此句中不可用when）

3. “强调句型”是一个附加（嵌入式）结构，不能改变原句的句子构成。换句话说，当把“强调句型”中的“It is/was…that …”去掉后，剩下的部分应该是一个完整、正确的句子，且与使用“强调句型”前的原句完全相同。这个原则是十分有用的，有些同学一见到“It is/was…”就以为是“强调句型”，就毫不犹豫地在后面填上who/whom/that. 其实只要用上述方法检验一下就知到是不是“强调句型”了。现在我们就来验证 一下这个原则。如上例：

It was Peter who(that )lent me the money. 现在去掉强调结构“It was….who/that…”

则剩下： Peter lent us the money. 这是完整、正确的句子。由此可以肯定上面是一个强调句型。现在我们用这个原则再来做几个题：

（1） It was 1985_______he joined the army.

A. that B when C what D which

(2) It was in 1985______he joined the army.

A that B when C what D which

(3) It was that place _______we stayed last summer.

A that B where C what D which

(4) It was in that place _______ we stayed last summer.

A that B where C what D which

这四个句子都看似强调句，我们用上述方法，假设都是强调句，先填上that ,然

后再去掉“It was…that …”，则四个句子分别剩下：

(1)’ He joined the army 1985.

(2)’ He joined the army in 1985.

(3)’ We stayed that place last summer .

(4)’ We stayed in that place last summer .

我们一看便知（1）’, (3)’ 两句是错的，故（1）、（3）不是强调句，而是定语从句。因此（1）、（3）句都应填B。（2）、（4）两句是强调句，都应填（A）。

三．关于“强调句型”在几种特殊情况下的使用。

1． 一般疑问式：

It was Liming who lent me the money.

Was it Liming who lent me the money？

2. 特殊疑问式：（仍然要保证特殊疑问词放在句首）

What do you want me to do?

What is it that you want me to do ?

Who called him “bad egg”?

Who was it that called him “bad egg”?

Why does everyone think I am stupid ?

Why is it that everyone think I am stupid?

3 .用于否定句中：

He didn’t come back until 10 o’clock last night.

It was not until 10 o’clock that he came back last night.

I didn’t do all this for myself.

It was not for myself that I did all this.

另外，在口语中，“强调句型”中的who/whom/that 有时也可省略。例如：

I think it was Mike said this.

It was you I thought of all the time .

What is it you want me to do ?

Was is it in 1990 the war broke out?

你能找出上面各句中被省的that/who/whom 的正确位置吗？（已给出空处）

四，“强调句型”与其它带有IT的复合句的区别：

1． 与主语从句的区别

强调句与主语从句在形式上很相似：都含有It is/was …that…。但是它们有一个很重要的区别，强调句去掉it is /was…that…后，句子仍然完整，而主语从句却不这样，如：

1）It was there that I got to know her .

2)It is a fact that chinese is being learning by more and more people .

1)句是强调句，2)句是that引导的主语从句。

2． 与定语从句的区别，先看两个例句：

1） It was a dog that was killed .

2） It was the dog that was killed .

1） 句是强调句，还原为：A dog was killed.

2） 句中that引导的是定语从句，that在从句中充当主语，it 是指示代词，译为：那是那条被杀死的狗。由此可见，that 在强调句中不充当成份，而在定与从句中要充当成份。

3． 与状语从句的区别：在状语从句中it 是实指（时间等），在强调句中无意义。如：

It was at 6 o’clock that I got up today.

It was 6 o’clock when I got up today.

第一句是强调句，it 无意义，第二句中的it 是指时间。

五 其它强调类型

1．强调谓语，由于it is/was…that…结构不能强调谓语，如果强调谓语则要借助于助动词do,并且有人称，时态和数的变化。译为“的确，确实”。如：

Do come here tonight.

He did pass the exam last term.

2. 把被强调的部分放在句首，以示重要。常构成The+n.+be+that从句/wh-从句/不定式/名词词组。如：

The problem is that she doesn’t like swimming.

The conclusion is to take action immediately.

The answer is reforming and furthering development.

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