强调式句型

强调式句型

Sentence Patterns of Emphasis

Zhao Defu

基本句型：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其它

此结构中，除被强调的部分指人可用who或whom代替that外，其余一律用that。如：分别强调下面一句的划线成分：

Last night he saw a film in the Youth Palace.

1>时间状语 2>主 3>宾语 4>地点状语

1> It was last night that he saw a film in the Youth Palace.

2> It was he that/who saw a film in the Youth Palace last night.

3> It was a film that he saw in the Youth Palace last night.

4> It was in the Youth Palace that he saw a film last night.

使用It强调句要注意以下几个问题：

1．强调特殊疑问句中的疑问词时，把疑问词要放在句首，原疑问语序要变成陈述语序，新的强调句要用疑问语序。尤其注意强调who/whom时，强调句只用that。

e.g. When did you meet Mr. Smith?

→When was it that you met Mr. Smith?

Who told you the news?

→Who was it that told you the news?

Why he was late this morning?

→Why was it that he was late this morning?

Where were you born?

→Where was it that you were born?

2. 强调人称代词时，应保持该人称代词的格不变，和原句中的谓语动词在人称和数上的不变。

e.g. She loves him very much.

→It is him that/whom she loves very much.

I am against this plan.

→It is I that/who am against this plan.

3. 对not… until… 句型中until 状语强调时，要用It is/was not until… that… ，that之后要用肯定形式。

e.g. My father didn’t come home until 12 o’clock last night.

It was not until 12 o’clock last night that my father came home.

4. 强调倒装句中的某一部分时，原倒装句不再用倒装语序。

e.g. Never has he seen a wolf before.

It is a wolf that he has never seen before.

注：是否强调句型，只要把It is/was… that/who去掉，如剩余的仍是一个完整的句子（若是强调宾语需适当的调整语序），就可以判断该句为强调句式。

e.g. It was a factory that we visited last Sunday.

若去掉It was… that… 剩余部分可调整为：We visited a factory last Sunday.是完整句子，所以, 原句是强调句式。

而, It is a fact that we visited a factory last week.

若去掉It is… that… ，余下的不是完整句子，所以原句不是强调句式（是含主语从句的主从复合句）。

还有几个方面是必须注意的：

1. 条件，让步状语从句不能强调。

e.g. If it rains, we won’t go out. 如果下雨，我们就不出去。

We’ll try to finish the work in time though we are short of man power.

虽然我们缺乏人力，我们还是要设法按时完成这项工作。

不能强调为： It is if it rains that we won’t go out.

It is though we are short of man power that we’ll try to finish the work in time.

2. It-type强调句可强调because引导的原因状语从句，但不可强调as, since引导的原因状语从句。

e.g. I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢，我才干。

可强调为： It is because I like it that I do it.

下面这个句子则不可以强调：

Since no one is against it, we’ll adopt the proposal.

既然没有人反对，这个议案我们就通过了。

3. It-type强调句可强调so that引导的目的状语从句，但不能强调so that引导的结果状语从句。

e.g. The six blind men asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a "look". 六个盲人要求赶象人让这头巨兽停下来，以便他们能"看一看"。

可强调为： It was so that they could have a "look" that the six blind men asked the driver to stop the beast.

下面这个句子则不可以强调：

He didn’t plan his time well, so that he didn’t finish the work in time. 他没有把时间计划好，结果没有按时完成这项工作。

"What…be…"结构的句型

在中学英语课本中还多次出现"What…be…"结构的句型（简称wh-type强调句），它同样具有很浓的强调意味。

e.g. What we need is more time. 我们需要更多的时间。

我们可以用对待It-type强调句的方法，把"What…be…"作为一个框架而划去，所剩的也是一个完整的句子：We need more time.

不同的是，what和be在句子中都可以担任成份。上面这个句子可以看成是What引导一个主语从句，而be则是系动词，后接表语。

1. Wh-type强调句可用来强调主语、宾语、表语。

e.g. But what surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room. 然而，最使我奇怪的是看到村子里的一些人坐在教室后头的长凳上。

But what he was really interested in was beautiful paintings.

但是他真正感兴趣的是美丽的画。

What I feel is hungry. 我所感到的就是饿。

2. wh-type强调句还可以通过使用代动词do来强调句中的谓语动词或作宾语补足语的非谓语动词。

e.g. What I did was (to) turn off the tap. 我所做的就是把水龙头关了。

What I want you to do is (to) clean the room. 我要你做的就是打扫房间。

注意，这一句型中be后面作表语的不定式可以省略to，如果所强调的动词是进行体，那么be之后用 -ing形式和它相配。

e.g. What I’m doing is teaching him a lesson.

我现在这样做是为了给他一次教训。

3. Wh-type强调句中的what从句，间或也作表语。

e.g. This was what they had posted on the bulletin board then! This was what the black smith was reading!

原来贴在布告牌上的就是这么回事！铁匠在看的原来就是这个！

4. Wh-type强调句的wh-从句，有时可能是以who, where或when引导的，它们通常只用作表语。

e.g. The headmaster was who I meant. 我指的就是校长。

Here is where the accident took place. 这儿就是事故发生的地方。

(On)Saturday is when the housewives are busiest.

星期六是家庭主妇们最忙的日子。

"A is A"结构强调句型

这类句子的语势也是很强的。

e.g. You are quite right. Teacher is teacher. 你说得完全对，老师毕竟是老师。

Business is business. One can’t too particular. 公事公办，谁也不能特殊。

当名词前带有修饰语时，表语常含有"真正的"的意思.

e.g. Spoken English is English. 英语口语才是真正的英语。

A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难朋友才是真朋友。

这种句型中的A，如果是who, what, which, 则具有"分辨出"的意思，常作动词tell, know等动词的宾语.

e.g. The two brothers are so nearly alike that I can’t tell who is who.

这两兄弟长得太相象了，我简直区分不了。

He’s very clear and knows what’s what. 他很聪明，懂得是非曲直。

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