Unit 3 Teenage problems
Period 5 Integrated skills & Study skills
Ⅰ. 根据句意及汉语或首字母提示完成句子
1. (2016·烟台)John is interested in ________ (化学).
2. (2016·无锡)To my surprise, the 3yearold boy can spell all those words ________ (正确地).
3. Daniel has made little ________ (进步) in his English. He feels sad.
4. What other art forms are ________ (提及) in this speech?
5. (2017·恩施)She practises the p________ of English words every day to improve her spoken English.
Ⅱ. 根据句意,用所给词的正确形式填空
1. Our teacher is helpful enough to give us lots of useful ________ (suggest).
2. I'm always told to pay attention to my ________ (pronounce).
3. Many people like to add some sugar when ________ (drink) black tea.
4. Even though I usually know what I have to say, I cannot express myself ________ (correct).
5. Jack feels so ________ (worry) these days that he can hardly fall asleep at night.
6. Let's try our best ________ (help) the children in poor areas.
1. Many students ________________ too much homework. They need more time for their hobbies.
2. He likes reading and his classmates call him a ________________.
3. Reading English ________________ every morning can improve your spoken English.
4. If you do your homework carelessly, you'll ________________.
5. Daniel is a hardworking student. He always ________________ in exams.
Ⅳ. 根据汉语意思完成句子
1. 不要为我担心,我感觉比以前好多了。
Don't be_______________________ me. I'm feeling ________________________________.
2. 如果有人嘲笑你,不要理睬他。
If someone__________________________ you, ________________________________ him.
3. 李娜擅长打网球,每个中国人都为她感到骄傲。
Li Na____________________________ tennis. Everyone in China______________________ her.
4. 尽可能经常地复习你学过的内容。
________________________ what you have learned________________________________.
5. (2017·眉山)在老师的帮助下,约翰取得了很大的进步。
With the teacher's help, John ________________ great ________________.
Ⅴ. 单项填空
( )1. (2017·广东)According to a survey, people ________ are able to speak two languages can manage two things at the same time more easily.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. who
( )2. (2017·重庆)No one can be right all the time. When people make mistakes, we shouldn't ________ them.
A. wait for B. send for C. knock at D. laugh at
( )3. We learned it all by ourselves; that is to say, nobody told us ________.
A. when to do B. where to do C. what to do it D. how to do it
( )4. (2017·包头)—What did he say in his letter? Is everything OK with his father?
—No idea. He didn't ________ his parents in the letter.
A. admire B. notice C. mention D. miss
( )5. (2017·荆州)As middle school students, we should start thinking about _________ for our country in the future.
A. what we did B. what did we do C. what we can do D. what can we do
( )6. (2017·黄石)—Jack, remember ________ off the lights when ________ the home.
—OK, I won't forget, Mum.
A. turning; leaving B. to turn; leave C. turning; left D. to turn; leaving
( )7. (2017·泰州)He got up to get some hot water but found there was ________ left in the bottle.
A. a few B. few C. a little D. little
( )8. Much attention should be paid ________ the wild animals as many of them are dying out.
A. to protecting B. to protect C. protecting D. protect
Ⅵ. 任务型阅读
Is it difficult for you to remember things? I'd like to tell you some ways to improve your memory, so you shouldn't feel upset.
My first advice is that if you want to remember something well, you have to review it regularly(有规律地). You might review the material two days after you learn it, then a week later, then two weeks later, and then a month later. After a month you will find that you can easily remember the material.
My second advice is to use a coloured pen to highlight(标注) the important parts on your book. This will help you in two ways. First, it will help you pay attention to the most important parts when you learn the material. And it is always easier to remember only the key points. Second, this will make reviewing easier. When you open your book, the coloured parts will show you the most important things quickly. In this way, you don't have to review all the material again.
Another piece of advice is to use the proper time well. First, review all the information in your mind right before you go to sleep. Your brain is working while you are sleeping. If you think about the information before you go to sleep, you might be able to remember it better. Another good time for memorizing information is in the morning because you have just rested and your brain is fresh and clear. So you might also try to review the important information in the morning.
根据短文内容,回答下列问题。
1. How long may it take you to remember the material easily if you review it regularly?
________________________________________________________________________
2. What can make it easier to remember the key points?
________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the good time to review information?
________________________________________________________________________
4. How many pieces of advice does the writer give?
________________________________________________________________________
5. What is the passage mainly about?
________________________________________________________________________
教师详解详析
Ⅰ. 1. Chemistry 2. correctly 3. progress 4. mentioned 5. pronunciation
Ⅱ. 1. suggestions 2. pronunciation 3. drinking 4. correctly 5. worried 6. to help
Ⅲ. 1. feel sad about 2. bookworm 3. aloud 4. make mistakes 5. gets high marks
Ⅳ. 1. worried about; much better than before
2. laughs at; pay no attention to
3. is good at/does well in playing; is proud of
4. Go over; as often as possible
5. made; progress
Ⅴ. 1. D 考查定语从句连接词。people为定语从句的先行词，当先行词为人时，需用who或that。故选D。
2. D 考查动词短语辨析。句意：没有人永远都是正确的。当人们犯错时，我们不应该嘲笑他们。wait for意为“等候”；send for意为“派人去请”；knock at意为“敲打，敲击”；laugh at意为“嘲笑”。故选D。
3. D
4. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“他在信上说什么了？他父亲一切可好？”“不知道。他在信上没有提到他的父母。”mention意为“提到”，故选C。
5. C 考查宾语从句。句意：作为中学生，我们应该开始考虑将来为我们的国家________。宾语从句要用陈述语序，排除B、 D; 句意是将来能做什么，不应该用过去时，排除A。故选C。
6. D 考查非谓语动词。句意：“杰克，离开家时别忘了关灯。”“好的，我不会忘记的，妈妈。”remember to do sth意为“记得去做某事”，符合语境，故排除A、C；主语you和动词leave是主动关系，表示正在发生，故用现在分词。故选D。
7. D 8. A
Ⅵ. 1. For a month.
2. To use a coloured pen. /Using a coloured pen (to highlight the important parts on your book).
3. Before you go to bed/going to bed or in the morning.
4. Three.
5. Ways to improve your memory. /How to improve your memory. /Advice on how to improve your memory.
司马迁与班固
司马迁作《史记》，完成于汉武帝末年。班固作《汉书》，书未成而作者因与外戚窦宪的关系，死于狱中，事在汉和帝永元四年（公元92年）。一属西汉，一属东汉，相去公元元年各约90年。今日看来，这两部书好像联袂而出。其实它们间隔了大约180年，等于我们现在距离清嘉庆朝的时间。
《史记》为私人著作，《汉书》则经皇帝看过，有国史的色彩。司马迁自称“成一家之言”和“藏之名山”，已和班固作书的宗旨不同。况且《史记》是通史，《汉书》是断代史。两位史家的个性癖好不同，这也使他们在取材行文之间，有相当的出入。在公元前90年和公元90年，中国的史家和思想家所处的社会环境已有大幅度的变化。其中一个关键在于，汉武帝用董仲舒之建议，罢斥百家，独尊儒术。我们在这里要特别指出的是，董仲舒之尊儒，并不是以尊儒为目的，而是为了树立一种统一帝国的正统思想，他坦白地承认提倡学术，旨在支持当时政权。武帝之置五经博士、立学校之官、策贤良，都根据此宗旨着眼，从此中国庞大的文官集团，有了他们施政的正统逻辑。司马迁和董仲舒同时代，他读书不受这种政策的影响。而到了班固生活的年代，“正规的”儒家思想已有一百多年的基础。
司马迁和班固一样，自称是周公和孔子的信徒。可是今日我们一打开《史记》，随意翻阅三五处，即可以体会到作者带着一种浪漫主义和个人主义的作风，爽快淋漓，不拘形迹，无腐儒气息。他自称“少负不羁之才，长无乡曲之誉”，应当是一种真实的写照。他所崇奉的“士为知己用，女为悦己容”也可以说是源于儒家道德，可是这立场就已经和经过正统限制的所谓儒家不同了。
《史记》里写荆轲和高渐离饮酒击筑，又歌又泣，旁若无人，已近于董仲舒所说的“邪辟”。并且项羽是汉高祖刘邦的死对头，而《史记》里的《项羽本纪》排列在《高祖本纪》之前（若在后代必称“项酋”“伪楚”，而“本纪”只能降格为“载记”）。文中又把项羽写成一个虽暴躁却又浑憨可爱的角色，其英雄末路，令人怜惜。与之相较，刘邦反像一个伪君子。
《史记》除了《刺客列传》之外，还有《滑稽列传》《日者列传》和《龟策列传》，可谓涉及九流三教，有呈现整个社会之剖面的样子。班固书里虽有《东方朔传》，却不再缕列非正派或下流的文化资料。
也因其如此，司马迁就受到班固的指责。《汉书》里就有《司马迁传》，内中批评他“又其是非颇缪于圣人，论大道则先黄老而后六经，序游侠则退处士而进奸雄，述货殖则崇势利而羞贱贫，此其所蔽也”。
这些地方还不足以表现班固的正统思想，最使我们看出他的作品在历史上是属于“罢斥百家，独尊儒术”之后的产物的，乃是《汉书》卷二十《古今人表》。这表里列有1931位古代名人，包括传奇中的人物如女娲氏、有巢氏，《论语》中有名的孔门弟子，《春秋》中的国君等，至秦亡为止。由作者“显善昭恶”的原则按上上至下下区分为三等九则。内中得“上上圣人”者十四人，包括三皇五帝，以周公、孔子殿后。仲尼之外即再无圣人，孟子也只与颜渊、管仲同属“上中仁人”。老子与商鞅、申子、墨翟、韩非都属“中上”，与孙膑、白起一流。刺客荆轲则为“中中”，和孟尝君、吕不韦同品。而“下下愚人”里既有蚩尤、共工、三苗，也有倾国倾城的褒姒和妲己。秦始皇虽焚书坑儒，班固只贬之为“中下”，因为他下面还有二世胡亥列入“下中”，宦官赵高列入“下下”。
因此，我们也可以推想出世俗观念中儒家的拘泥，并不一定是孔子和他门徒的真性格。那些呆板多方面的样子，还是后人所造，其目的在维持文官集团的紧凑。总算还是中国读书人的运气好，得有太史公司马迁在兰台令班固之前写作，否则没有《史记》，径由《汉书》开二十三史之端，中国史学的传统，必更趋向“文以载道”的方针，更缺乏“百家殊方”的真实性和生动活泼了。
1. 关于《史记》和《汉书》的表述，下列理解符合原文意思的一项是
A. 《史记》完成于汉武帝末年，《汉书》完成于汉和帝永元四年，一属西汉，一属东汉，成书年代相差约180年。
B. 《史记》为私人著作，而《汉书》则经皇帝看过，带有国史的色彩，因此《汉书》在编修上要比《史记》更为严谨和准确。
C. 司马迁的“成一家之言”“藏之名山”的宗旨和班固作《汉书》的宗旨有很大不同，这就决定了《史记》是通史，《汉书》是断代史。
D. 汉武帝用董仲舒之建议，罢斥百家，独尊儒术，司马迁的思想并未受此影响，而班固则不同，这也是《史记》和《汉书》风格差异的重要原因。
2. 下列理解和分析，不符合原文意思的一项是
A. 董仲舒之尊儒，并不是以尊儒为目的，其真正目的在于树立一种统一帝国的正统思想，支持当时政权。班固受其影响，并呈现于《汉书》的创作中。
B. 司马迁和班固都认同儒家思想，但是作者个人气质的巨大差异使得《史记》和《汉书》文风差异明显，司马迁带着一种浪漫主义和个人主义的作风。
C. 《史记》和《汉书》在对待项羽的态度上差异明显，《史记》里的《项羽本纪》排列在《高祖本纪》之前，这在《汉书》中是不可能出现的。
D. 《史记》里的人物涉及三教九流各色人等，如日者（占卜的人），而《汉书》秉持官方正统思想，较少记录不符合正统观念的人物。
3. 根据原文内容，下列理解和分析不正确的一项是
A. 班固在《汉书•司马迁传》中表达了对司马迁的看法“是非颇缪于圣人”，他认为《史记》的叙史观念有悖于圣人之道。
B. 《汉书》里的卷二十《古今人表》按照官方正统观念把历史人物分为三等九则，内中得“上上圣人”者十四人，仲尼之后即再无圣人，表现了极强的独尊儒术的态度。
C. 我们现在所看到的孔子及其门徒的形象，多半出于汉朝“独尊儒术”以后的历史典籍，这些形象并不是他们的真实形象。
D. 《史记》中把项羽刻画成一个虽暴躁却又浑憨可爱的末路英雄的形象，与之相比，刘邦反像一个伪君子，这样的描述在《汉书》中是不可能出现的。
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C
【解析】
1. 试题分析：A项，根据原文可知，班固死于狱中是在汉和帝永元四年，《汉书》成书在此之后；B项，“《汉书》在编修上要比《史记》更为严谨和准确”的说法于文无据；C项，强加因果。
2. 试题分析：根据文意可以判断“个人气质的极大差异”并不是主要原因，主要原因是班固受官方正统儒家思想的影响较大。
3. 试题分析：C项说法过于绝对，根据最后一段可知，作者是“推想”，“不一定”是孔子及其门徒的真性情。
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