主谓一致
使用主谓一致时,必须遵循三个原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
一、当单数可数名词、不可数名词、复合不定代词、单个不定式(疑问词+不定式)、动名词或主语从句以及表示“时间、价值、重量、距离、书名、影片名称”等名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如:
The curtains are closed and the living room is dark when Mom and Dad enter.
Visiting a place like this is always very interesting.
Why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men is a question still to be answered by scientists.
二、all(some, a lot, plenty, any, part, the rest, most等)+of+名词作主语以及分数、百分数构成短语作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词。表示复数概念用复数;表示单数概念用单数。例如:
As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing.
One study says that 90% of our time is spent watching television or using computers.
While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her.
三、在“名词/代词+介宾结构+谓语+…”结构中,谓语动词与名词/代词保持一致,介宾结构看作插入成分。该结构中的常见介词及介词短语有with, together with, along with, as well as, like, but, except, besides, including等。例如:
Healthy eating along with regular exercise is probably the only way to become fit.
Nobody but Tom and his father has ever been there.
四、a number of / a group of / a variety of / a total of 等构成短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;而the number of / the group of / the variety of / the total of 等构成短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
The low number of attacks that happen every year proves that sharks do not feed on humans if they have the choice.
Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, work in the clothing industry.
五、quality / pair / amount等构成短语作主语时,谓语动词根据quality / pair / amount的单复数确定。例如:
With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has covered the land.
六、and连接并列主语表示同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式;表示不同概念时谓语动词用复数形式;此外,and连接并列名词时,如果名词前有no / each / every / many a等修饰时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如:
—Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah. Every boy and every girl in the area was invited.
Professor James will give us a lecture on the
Western culture, but when and where hasn’t been decided yet.
七、当表示复数概念的名词或短语作主语以及表示总称意义“形单意复”的名词(如cattle/ police / people等)和常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词(clothes / goods / shoes等)作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。例如:
Traffic police are always very busy, especially at busy streets.
八、one of+名词+关系代词+谓语时,谓语动词用复数;the (only) one of +名词+关系代词+谓语时,谓语动词用单数。例如:
He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.
[比较] Our English teacher was one of the top teachers who were praised by the headmaster.
九、主谓一致的其它考点:
1. either…or…;neither…nor…;not only… but also…;not…but…等连接主语时,谓语动词要就近选择。如:Either you or Jim goes there.
2. there be结构中,be动词后面有几个名词时,be动词跟最近的名词保持一致。如:There is one table and two desks in the room.
3. 某些单词所表示的概念是由两部分组成的,作主语时谓语动词用复数;但如果与量词构成短语作主语时,谓语动词的单复数则取决于量词。如:The trousers are too long. That pair of trousers is too long.
4. 表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;但如果表示孤立的山则用单数。如:Mount Tai is great.
5. 定冠词与形容词连用,用来表示一类人或物,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:
The young are planting trees.
6. population构成短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数;但被百分数或分数等数词修饰时,谓语动词用复数。如:
The population of our town is bigger than that of their town, but most of the population in our town are farmers.
7. one and a half+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数;one or two+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;many a(n)+单数名词及more than one+单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。而more+复数名词+than+one作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:
Nowadays many a person wants to go abroad.
One and a half apples has been eaten by the boy.
8. 集合名词作主语表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数;表示成员概念谓语动词用复数。常见的集合名词有family / government / public / audience等。如:
My family is a big family.
My family are fond of pop music.
9. 单复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常根据句意来确定。常见的这类词有deer / fish / means / sheep / series等。如:
The quickest means of traveling is by air.
There are various means of communicating with a stranger.
主 谓 一 致 考 点 分 析
一、 当主语是单数可数名词、不可数名词、(疑问词+)to do结构、动词-ing形式、主语从句、复合不定代词、表单位数量的时间、距离、金钱、重量、复数形式的学科名词(physics, politics)、书名、国家或组织名称(the United States, the United Nations)等,谓语动词常用单数。
但what引导的主语从句所指的具体内容是复数意义时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。(如:What we need are good doctors. 我们需要的是好医生。)
如果强调数目,谓语动词用复数。如:
More than twenty years have passed since we graduated. 我们毕业后已经过了二十多年。
Listening to loud music at rock concerts ____ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. (2010湖南)
A. is B. are C. has D. have
二、在“名词/代词+介宾结构+谓语+……”结构中,谓语动词与名词/代词保持一致,介宾结构看作修饰成分。该结构中的常见介词及短语介词有with/together with/along with/as well as/like/rather than/but/except/besides / including / in addition to等。
1. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, ____ visit Beijing this summer.(2009陕西)
A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to
2. The father as well as his three children ____ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.(2006辽宁)
A. is going B. go
C. goes D. are going
三、 “all/a lot/plenty/part/the rest/most/分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式一般取决于of后的名词或代词的数。表示复数概念用复数动词,表示单数概念用单数动词。
1. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ____ saved for other purposes. (2011安徽)
A. is B. are C. was D. were
2. One-third of the country ____ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ____ black people. (2011湖南)
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is
四、 a number of/an average of/a total of等+可数名词复数构成短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;而the number of/the average of/the total of等+名词构成短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。“a great(large)/small number of,many,a few,few, a good(great) many, dozens of, scores of+可数名词复数”结构作主语时,谓语动词应用复数。a little,little, much,a great deal of,a large amount of只能修饰不可数名词,其谓语动词用单数形式。(如:A great deal of petrol is wasted. )
1. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ____ rising steadily since 1990.(2009山东)
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
2. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, ____ in the clothing industry. (2005辽宁)
A. is working B. works C. work D. worked
五、 “one of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。但“one of+复数名词”结构后接定语从句时,从句中的谓语动词用复数形式;而在“the only/ right/ very one of+名词+关系代词+谓语”结构中,从句谓语动词用单数。
1. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ____ evening dress.(2010全国Ⅱ)
A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn
2. At present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport ____ that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area. (2009江西)
A. is B. are C. will be D. was
3. My father was one of the managers in the office that ____ to attend the meeting last week.
A. was invited B. is invited
C. were invited D. are invited
六、 either…or…/neither…nor…/not only…but also…/not…but…/or等连接并列主语时,谓语动词单复数由最靠近它的主语决定;在倒装句中,谓语动词单复数由其后面的主语决定。
1. Either you or one of your students ____ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
(2009湖南)
A. are B. is C. have D. be
2. —Is everyone here?
—Not yet... Look, there ____ the rest of our guests! (2010江苏)
A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming
主 谓 一 致 考 点 分 析 II
一、 pairs of/amounts of/quantities of...等构成短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;a pair of(表示一双,一条时)/an amount of / a series of构成短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
1. — Why does the lake smell terrible?
— Because large quantities of water _____. (2009福建)
A. have polluted B. is being polluted
C. has been polluted D. have been polluted
2. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _____ of desert _____ covered the land.
(2001上海)
A. number; has B. quantity; has
C. number; have D. quantity; have
二、 and连接并列主语表示同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式,表示不同概念时谓语动词常用复数形式。
1. A poet and artist _____ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. (2006江苏)
A. is B. are C. was D. were
2. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _____ yet. (2007浙江)
A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided
C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided
【注意】 如表示不同的概念,则要用复数。如:
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
三、由each...and (each)..., every...and (every)..., many a ...and (many a )..., no... and (no)...等结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
— Did you go to the show last night?
— Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _____invited. (2008陕西)
A. were B. have been
C. has been D. was
四、 其它考点
1. cattle/police/people/clothes/goods以及复数可数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式。
2. 单复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常根据句意来确定。常见的这类词有deer / fish / means / sheep / species / works等。如:All means have been tried. 各种手段都试过了。One means is still to be tried. 还有一种手段尚待一试。
3. 主语是集合名词family / government / public / audience等,表示强调整体时谓语动词用单数,如强调个体谓语动词用复数。
4. many a(n)+单数名词及more than one+单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数;而more+复数名词+than+one作主语时,谓语动词用复数;one or two +复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式; a + 单数名词 + or two作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。如:One or two reasons were suggested. 提出了一两条理由。 A day or two is enough. 一两天就够了。
It is reported that many a new house _____ at present in the disaster area. (2010陕西)
A. are being built B. were being built
C. was being built D. is being built
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