（英语）英语阅读理解(社会文化)题20套(带答案)含解析
一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1．阅读理解
In India, one of the most significant festivals is Diwali, which falls between October and November. It's a five-day celebration that includes good food, fireworks, colored sand, and special candles and lamps.
In honor of Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess of wealth, people make special prayers on the first day to obtain blessings for welfare, succcss, and well-being. People welcome the goddess into their homes by decorating entrances with colorful lanterns and traditional designs. In addition, many people treat themselves to fine jewelry, praying for good fortune. Those who cannot afford so much, seek out cheaper items such as clothes or household goods.
The second day of the festival is called Kali Chaudas. For some, the day provides an opportunity to drive away misfortune from homes and businesses. They decorate their homes with clay lamps and create design patterns called rangoli on the floor using colored powder or sand.
The third day is when the biggest celebrations occur, which begin early in the morning with a visit to a temple to seek the blessings of the goddess. As the sun sets, festival observers light up their homes with small lamps and enjoy delicious traditional foods with their loved ones.
The festival's fourth day is celebrated in many different ways. Friends and relatives visit with gifts, sweets and best wishes for the season.
And the final day of the festival is called Bhai Oooj It honors the close bond between brothers and sisters and is observed with traditional ceremonies and more delicious food.
For children in India, Diwali is similar to Christmas. They get all entire week off from school and are treated to gifts, new clothes, amazing food, and, in the past at least, a large number of fireworks. It is no wonder that the festival ranks high among the country's favorite celebrations.
（1）People celebrate the first day of Diwali mainly for______.
A.good fortune.
B.colorful lanterns
C.expensive jewelry
D.traditional designs
（2）What's the probable purpose of creating "rangoli" on the floor?
A.To design traditional patterns.
B.To produce colored powder or sand.
C.To help get rid of bad luck.
D.To produce an opportunity in business.
（3）What is a man likely to do on the last day of the festival?
A.Exchange gifts and best wishes with his loved ones.
B.Be busy decorating his home during the day.
C.Get together with his sisters and brothers.
D.Light up his home with small lamps.
（4）Which of the following may not be a reason for children's love of Diwali?
A.Having a week off.
B.Getting Christmas gifts.
C.Enjoying amazing food.
D.Setting off fireworks.
【答案】 （1）A
（2）C
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了印度最重要的节日之一——排灯节。
（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In honor of Lakshmi，the Hindu goddess of wealth，people make special prayers on the first day to obtain blessings for welfare，succcss，and well-being.”印度人庆祝排灯节第一天是为了获得生活，成功，为人方面的好运。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“For some，the day provides an opportunity to drive away misfortune from homes and businesses. They decorate their homes with clay lamps and create design patterns called rangoli on the floor using colored powder or sand. ”在排灯节为了驱散家里和生意的霉运，印度人会在地上用彩色粉或沙子创造出rangoli形状。故选C。
（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“And the final day of the festival is called Bhai Oooj. It honors the close bond between brothers and sisters and is observed with traditional ceremonies and more delicious food. ”排灯节最后一天是纪念兄弟姐妹亲密纽带的日子。可知这天男子会和自己的兄弟姐妹在一起。故选C。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“For children in India，Diwali is similar to Christmas. They get all entire week off from school and are treated to gifts，new clothes，amazing food，and，in the past at least，a large number of fireworks. It is no wonder that the festival ranks high among the country's favorite celebrations.”印度孩子们喜欢排灯节因 为 他们可以放假一周，吃美味食物，还有大量烟花，没有说收到圣诞节礼物。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Fantastic Fall Festivals You Won't Want to Miss
Seymour Apple Festival
Admission to the Seymour Apple Festival is free and so is the entertainment! More than 15, 000 people from all over the region come out to take part in the activities, ranging from drawings, vendor booths, food, apple contests, bike-decorating contests, and more.
Marionville Apple Festival
The popular Marionville Apple Festival is home to countless activities and events. The carnival, pony rides, and games will keep the kids busy, while adults will enjoy watching the pie-eating contest and browsing dozens of craft vendor booths.
Humansville Fall Festival
The Humansville Fall Festival may be hosted by a small town but that doesn't mean it's lacking big fun. Perfect for all ages, this fall festival is celebrating its 70th year and will provide three full days of fun. This year's festival will feature live music from fantastic local musicians, which will definitely make it different from the ones in other years. You'll also find fun carnival rides, talented artisans selling their goods, and an amazing parade to wrap up the event on Saturday.
Southside Fall Festival
The Southside Fall Festival is perfect for family celebrations, with an alcohol-free environment and free admission. Enjoy a colorful parade and float contest, delicious food vendors, live music, karaoke, and more.
Fall Into Arts Festival
Make sure to bring the kids along for this festival that celebrates all things creative. The Fall Into Arts Festival features a host of kid-friendly activities like a lego build, sand art, bubble stations, chalk the sidewalk, a jump house, and more. Parents will have plenty to do as well, with an excellent variety of artists, festival food, a mini film festival, and much more.
（1）Which festivals are free of charge?
A. Southside Fall Festival and Fall Into Arts Festival.
B. Seymour Apple Festival and Southside Fall Festival.
C. Humansville Fall Festival and Fall Into Arts Festival.
D. Seymour Apple Festival and Marionville Apple Festival.
（2）What makes Humansville Fall Festival special this year?
A. Fun activities on Saturday.
B. The duration of the festival.
C. The area of the hosting town.
D. Musicians' live performance.
（3）Fall Into Arts Festival is specially welcomed by ________.
A. movie lovers B. modern artists
C. visitors of all ages
D. families with kids
【答案】 （1）B
（2）D
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个秋季的节日。
（1）考查细节理解。根据Seymour Apple Festival部分中的“Admission to the Seymour Apple Festival is free and so is the entertainment!”可知，西摩苹果节的门票是免费的，娱乐也是免费的！和Southside Fall Festival部分中的“The Southside Fall Festival is perfect for family celebrations, with an alcohol-free environment and free admission.”可知，此节日也是免费入场。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据 Humansville Fall Festival部分中的“This year's festival will feature live music from fantastic local musicians, which will definitely make it different from the ones in other years.”可知，今年的音乐节将以当地优秀音乐家的现场音乐为特色，使它有别于往年。故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据Fall Into Arts Festival部分中的“Make sure to bring the kids along for this festival that celebrates all things creative. The Fall Into Arts Festival features a host of kid-friendly activities like a lego build, sand art, bubble stations, chalk the sidewalk, a jump house, and more. Parents will have plenty to do as well, with an excellent variety of artists, festival food, a mini film festival, and much more.”可知，秋季艺术节既有许多孩子喜爱的活动，也有为父母准备的活动，故特别受到有孩子的家庭的欢迎。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
The British live on a small island. They are surrounded by thesea, so it is not surprising that the sea has always played an important role intheir lives. After the development of large, oceangoing sailing ships in the fifteenthcentury, the sea became even more important to the country's development. Shipssetting sail from England determined to extend Britain's territories, its wealthand its knowledge of the world. Ships returned to England bringing goods, peopleand new ideas from foreign places. By the nineteenth century, Britain had the largest,most powerful navy in the world.
The great sailing ships were so much a part of British life thatthey even affected the language. Many English expressions we use today were originallynautical (航海的)terms, although most people no longer realize this. For example, people commonlydescribe an honest and fair business deal as being "above board". Thisexpression was originally used in sailing ship times when secretive, dishonest ship'sbusiness would be carried out below decks (below the boards) out of public view.On the other hand, honest business was always conducted on deck (above the boards),in the open where everyone could see what was going on.
"Pipe down!", meaning "Be quiet!", is anothercommon expression that has nautical origins. The ship's boatswain (水手长) would blow a whistle, or pipe, at theend of the day to indicate (表明) to the sailors it was time to quieten down and go to sleep.
Most native English speakers have heard the expression "notenough room to swing a cat", but few know that the "cat" does notrefer to a small furry animal with four legs and a tail. The "cat" isactually a short form of "cat of nine tails" — a whip with nine, knotted(打结的) tails. A boatswain needed a lot of spacein order to swing the whip properly when lashing (鞭打) a poor sailor under his control!
（1）The British have been strongly influenced by the sea because ________.
A. they occupied more land around the world B. they got more wealth from the sea
C. they live on an island surrounded by the sea D. they had the largest navy ever
（2）If someone is open and above board, it means he is ________.
A. secretive B. honest
C. cheerful
D. dishonest
（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Sailors need to go to sleep when they hear a whistle.
B. Sailors will be whipped if they do business below decks.
C. A poor sailor may be whipped nine times a day.
D. There is no spare room to raise cats on ships.
（4）What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The business on British sailing ships.
B. The influence of British sailors' language on English.
C. The sailing history of England.
D. The sailing story of British sailors.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，英国作为一个岛国，四周环海，海洋在英国人的生活中起着重要的作用。英国曾有着强大的海军。一直以来，水手们经常使用的一些航海术语丰富并影响着英语这门语言。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“They are surrounded by the sea, so it is not surprising that the sea has always played an important role in their lives.”可知，英国被海洋环绕，海对英国人的生活影响很大。故选C。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“…people commonly describe an honest and fair business deal as being “above board”可知，如果”一个诚实公正的人就会被认为是'above board'”。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The ship's boatswain (水手长) would blow a whistle, or pipe, at the end of the day to indicate (表明) to the sailors it was time to quieten down and go to sleep.”可知船上的水手长会在一天结束的时候吹口哨或吹笛子，向水手们表示应该安静下来睡觉了。故选A。
（4）考查主旨大意。第一段介绍英国是一个受到海洋影响的国家，四周环海，航海在人们的生活中起着重要的作用。以此引入主题即水手们在航行时使用的一些航海术语对英语这门语言所产生的影响。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．阅读理解
It is commonly believed that the earliest Chinese paper-cutsappeared during the sixth century. Some scholars believe it was even earlier.Legend has it that during the Western Han Dynasty(206BC-AD24), Emperor Wudi wasvery sad after one of his favorite concubines, Madame Li, died. A Taoistpriest, Li Shaoweng, cut a piece of hemp paper in the shape of Madame Li. Whenevening fell, the emperor's servants lit candles in his bedroom; the reflectionof that paper-cut on the wall made the emperor think about his belovedconcubine.
The Yuxian paper-cut is different from most paper-cutsproduced in other regions of China. Paper-cuts from other regions are mostlycut with scissors or knives from single-colored paper, such as red or blackpaper.
There are four major procedures to making the Yuxianpaper-cut: First, sketch the pattern on the draft paper; second, fasten thedraft to the paper to be cut; third, use a knife to carve out the pattern; andfourth, dye (染色)the paper-cut with various colors.
Precise cutting skills are needed to make a piece of theYuxian paper-cut, which highlights the craft maker's artistic taste and dyeingskills. That explains the following saying: "The successful making of aYuxian paper-cut is 30 percent dependent on the maker's cutting skills, and 70percent on the maker's dyeing skills."
The traditional Yuxian paper-cut highlights two themes:flowers and characters in Chinese operas. The paper-cut is particularly knownfor its vivid description of characters in various traditional Chinese operas.In October 2009, the art of Yuxian's paper-cut was added to the list ofIntangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产) established by UNESCO (United NationsEducational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization).
（1）The first paragraph is actually about___________.
A. Emperor Wudi's favorite concubine B. the origins of Chinese paper-cuts
C. the inventor of Chinese paper-cut D. one of the themes of Yuxian paper-cut
（2）Which is the most important skill of making paper-cut?
A. Drawing skill. B. Cutting skill.
C. Dyeing skill.
D. Carving skill
（3）According to the passage, the Yuxian paper-cut is especially famous for its__________.
A. lively images of characters in classic operas B. traditional Chinese operas
C. Chinese cultural influence on operas D. advanced cutting techniques
（4）What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Earliest Chinese Legend B. The Yuxian Paper-cut Skills
C. Emperor Wudi's Sad Story D. Chinese Yuxian Paper-cut
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国蔚县剪纸。
（1）考查段落大意。根据第一段可知，介绍了中国剪纸的起源。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The successful making of a Yuxian paper-cut is 30 percent dependent on the maker's cutting skills, and 70 percent on the maker's dyeing skills.”蔚县剪纸的成功制作30 %取决于制作人的切割技巧，70 %取决于制作人的染色技巧。可知染色技巧对于剪纸最重要。故选C。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The paper-cut is particularly known for its vivid description of characters in various traditional Chinese operas”剪纸以其对各种传统戏曲中人物的生动描述而闻名。可知，选A。
（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，短文主要介绍了蔚县剪纸有四个主要步骤。制作蔚县剪纸需要精确的切割技巧，这突出了手工艺者的艺术品味和染色技巧。传统蔚县剪纸突出了两个主题:中国戏曲中的花和人物。这些都是围绕着“中国蔚县剪纸”这个主题展开的。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
The influence of America is increasing in my country. Spanish people drink Coca Cola, wear blue jeans, watch Hollywood movies, listen to American music, and eat fast food, and they do these things every day.
I think that American movies are a good way to spread American culture because people are often influenced by what they see in the movies. Most of the programs and documentaries(记录片) we watch on TV are from America, and most of the movies we go to see are made in Hollywood.
In the last few years, the government has tried to protect the Spanish movies. Now, in our cinemas, at least twenty percent of the movies which are shown must be from Spain or from other countries in Europe.
American culture is a part of Spanish life now. It's certain that many things from America are as much a part of people's lives as Spanish things. For example, Coca Cola is as familiar to everybody as any typical Spanish product. I've known about Coca Cola for my whole life.
However, it's different with Western fast food. For example, I don't think McDonald's is as successful in Spain as it is in other countries. In my opinion, one of the reasons may be the lifestyle of the Spanish people, The Spanish people normally eat at home.
On the other hand, maybe McDonald's hamburgers will eventually replace the famous Spanish tapas. It's true that in every city in Spain you can find a McDonald's, and it is more popular among the Spanish children than among the adults. In any case, it's obvious that American culture is becoming more and more a part of our lives every day.
（1）From the first paragraph we can know that .
A. the influence of America on Spain can be found everywhere. B. most Spanish people don't like to listen to their own music,
C. fast food spreads from Spain to the United States. D. some Spanish actors go to America to improve their acting skills.
（2）What plays an important part in the spreading of American culture in Spain?
A. American novels. B. Hollywood movies. C. McDonald. D. American music.
（3）Why did the government set some rules for the films shown in Spain?
A. To protect foreign culture in Spain. B. To earn more money from Spanish films.
C. To limit the number of foreign movie. D. To unite European Communities.
（4）What do you think Spanish tapas might be?
A. The name of a drink. B. The name of a restaurant.
C. A clothing brand. D. A certain kind of food.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了美国对作者家乡西班牙有很大的影响，美国人的饮食习惯。穿着习惯和生活习惯都极大影响了西班牙人。
(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段可知，到处都可以发现美国对西班牙的影响。选A。
(2)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I think that American movies are a good way to spread American culture”可知，故答案选B。
(3)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“In the last few years, the government has tried to protect the Spanish movies. Now, in our cinemas, at least twenty percent of the movies which are shown must be from Spain or from other countries in Europe.”可推断出，西班牙政府给在西班牙上演的电影制定一些规则是为了限制外国电影的数量，保护西班牙的电影。选C。
(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“On the other hand, maybe McDonald's hamburgers will eventually replace the famous Spanish tapas.”可知，或许麦当劳的汉堡将最终取代著名的西班牙tapas，由此可推断tapas指西班牙的一种食品。选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并进一步根据上下文进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
6．阅读理解
Spending Christmas in a foreign country can be a truly eye-opening experience, especially since it's easy to believe that as a worldwide festival, most countries probably celebrate it in a fairly similar manner. Being from the UK, Christmas for me means spending time with family and friends, exchanging presents, eating and drinking, and, of course, hiding from the cold. In Colombia, however, Christmas is viewed much more as a time which devotes itself to religion.
With celebrations beginning on 7 December, Columbia is recognized as having the longest Christmas celebrations period in the world. The celebrations generally begin in the evening with the lighting of candles, either in the streets, parks or outside people's homes. Cities are lit up by candles, as this day marks the beginning of the Christmas period. Although decorations have been up since early November, another tradition in Colombia is that during the nine days before Christmas, family members and friends meet up to pray, sing songs and share traditional foods at home.
Probably the biggest surprise for me has been the music people listen to during the Christmas period. At first, you could easily mistake these songs for the classic salsa, which is played all year round. However, after asking a Colombian if it really felt like Christmas music, they explained to me that the songs are loved more for the memories they symbolize than for the way they sound, and that Colombia has been through so many dark periods in history, it was important to hold on to the good memories of years gone past.
Being in a country like Colombia during this festive period has taught me that you don't need to be religious to take part in these Christmas traditions.
（1）What's the authors opinion of Christmas?
A.It isn't a global festival.
B.It isn't a time for being alone.
C.It is mainly devoted to religion.
D.It's celebrated only in some places.
（2）What can we learn about the Christmas music?
A.It is celebrated in the same way as in the UK.
B.It is celebrated mainly as a religious festival.
C.It is celebrated for nine days or so.
D.It is celebrated with lanterns and fireworks.
（3）What do Colombians do during the Christmas celebration period?
A.Enjoy traditional foods.
B.Go to the church together.
C.Learn abut home decorations.
D.Have a one-month-long holiday.
（4）Colombians love the songs mainly because ______.
A.they sound extremely wonderful
B.they express best wishes for the future
C.they represent good memories of the past
D.they have been passed down for generations
【答案】 （1）B
（2）B
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在哥伦比亚圣诞节的意义及人们的庆祝方式。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Being from the UK, Christmas for me means spending time with family and friends, exchanging presents, eating and drinking, and, of course, hiding from the cold.”可知在作者眼里，圣诞节意味着与家人和朋友共度时光，交换礼物，吃喝玩乐。圣诞节是团聚的时间不是独处的时间。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“In Colombia, however, Christmas is viewed much more as a time which devotes itself to religion.”可知在哥伦比亚，圣诞节更多的是作为宗教节日被庆祝的，故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“another tradition in Colombia is that during the nine days before Christmas, family members and friends meet up to pray, sing songs and share traditional foods at home. ”可知在哥伦比亚，家人和朋友团聚祈祷，唱歌，共享传统食物。故选A。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“the songs are loved more for the memories they symbolize than for the way they sound, and that Colombia has been through so many dark periods in history, it was important to hold on to the good memories of years gone past.”可知哥伦比亚圣诞音乐让人喜爱是因为它们所象征的记忆，是要保持对过去岁月的美好记忆。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
7．阅读理解
"Our aim is to take our art to the world and make people understand what it is to move," said David Belle, the founder of parkour.
Do you love running? It is a good exercise, yet many people find it boring. But what if making your morning jog a creative one? Like jumping from walls and over gaps, and ground rolls? Just like James Bond in the movie Casino Royale? Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bond's wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.
Yes, that's parkour, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible, getting over all the barriers in the path using only the abilities of the human body. Parkour is considered an extreme sport. As its participants dash around a city, they may jump over fences, run up walls and even move from rooftop to rooftop.
Parkour can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds, but its participants see parkour much more than that.
Overcoming all the obstacles on the course and in life is part of the philosophy behind parkour. This is the same as life. You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers as if in parkour and never fall back in your life, to reach the destination successfully. A parkour lover said, "I love parkour because its philosophy has become my life, my way to do everything."
Another philosophy we've learnt from parkour is freedom. It can be done by anyone, at any time, anywhere in the world. It is a kind of expression of trust in yourself.
（1）Parkour has become popular throughout the world because of .
A.its founder, David Belle
B.the varieties of participants
C.its risks and tricks
D.the film, Casino Royale
（2）The underlined word "obstacles" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to " ".
A.streets
B.objects
C.roofs
D.barriers
（3）Which of the following is the philosophy of parkour?
A.Sports and extremes.
B.Determination and freedom.
C.Dreams and success.
D.Excitement and popularity.
（4）Which of the following is true of parkour?
A.It is a team sport.
B.It is a good but boring sport.
C.It needs special training.
D.It challenges human abilities.
【答案】 （1）D
（2）D
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了跑酷运动的起源、特点和此运动蕴含的哲理。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的‘’Just like James Bond in the movie Casino Royale? Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bond's wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.”可知因为James Bond在电影Casino Royale中的精彩跑酷表演使得这项运动在全世界流行，故选D。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“that's parkour, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible, getting over all the barriers in the path using only the abilities of the human body.”可知跑酷的目的是尽可能快地从一个地方移动到另一个地方，利用人体的能力越过道路上的所有障碍。画线部分over obstacles on the way.与getting over all the barriers in the path意思一致，指跨越路上的障碍。obstacles与barriers同义，故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Overcoming all the obstacles on the course and in life is part of the philosophy behind parkour. This is the same as life. You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers”可知跑酷蕴含的哲理是决心；第六段中的“Another philosophy we've learnt from parkour is freedom.”可知蕴含的另一个哲理是自由。故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Parkour is considered an extreme sport.”；第四段中的“Parkour can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds.”可知跑酷是极限运动，像听起来那样刺激和迷人。因此它挑战人类的能力。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
8．阅读理解
On the banks of Tanzania's Lake Eyasi lives the world's last hunter-gatherer tribe (部落) — the Hadza. They don't grow food, raise animals or build houses. Instead they live a life unchanged for more than ten thousand years.
Their world is one of complete freedom — something modern society can barely imagine and is unlikely to ever experience, let alone have the skills to stay alive. Text messages and phone calls don't exist. Nor do cars and electricity. No jobs, timetables, and social structures. No laws, taxes and unbelievably, no money — the closest thing to currency (交易) is the trade for a pair of shorts with a neighboring tribe.
We spent our time with the Hadza hunting baboons (狒狒), a daily activity for the men. Their land is packed with sharp bushes, poisonous snakes and man-eating lions. But a successful hunting trip is the difference between eating or going hungry.
The Hadza diet consists mainly of honey, fruit and meat. Men often hunt in pairs to shoot animals with bows and arrows. The Hadza show us how to track animals, from baboons to snakes to lions. They are hugely skilled with their handmade bows and arrows — we have a go and barely get the arrow to go three feet in front of us.
The language of the Hadza is believed to be the oldest still-spoken language known to man. The Hadza don't have conflict, and have no memory of starvation. Their population never reaches numbers that cannot be supported through hunting or gathering. They never get from their land more than they need.
Unlike modern-day office workers, the Hadza enjoy an extraordinary amount of free time. Their “work” — hunting for food — takes up around five hours of their day. They've been in such a state of peaceful existence for thousands of years.
（1）We can learn from the text that the Hadza_______.
A. lead a very simple life B. live on traditional agriculture
C. have their own system of currency D. show a lot of interest in new technology
（2）Which of the following can describe the Hadza's environment?
A. Stressful. B. Comfortable.
C. Exciting.
D. Dangerous.
（3）The relationship between the Hadza and nature_______.
A. is going wrong B. is full of conflict
C. is in perfect harmony D. is changing all the time
（4）Why does the author come to visit the Hadza?
A. To study their native language. B. To get to know their way of life.
C. To learn survival skills from them. D. To persuade them to protect animals.
【答案】 （1）A
（2）D
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了哈扎人的生活方式：他们生活简单，主要以狩猎为生。他们和大自然和谐相处，长期以来过着平和的生活。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段和第二段中的“Instead they live a life unchanged for more than ten thousand years. Text messages and phone calls don't exist. Nor do cars and electricity. No jobs, timetables, and social structures. No laws, taxes and unbelievably, no money — the closest thing to currency (交易) is the trade for a pair of shorts with a neighboring tribe.”可知，他们过着一万年不变的生活……短信和电话根本不存在。汽车和电力也没有。没有工作、时间表和社会结构。没有法律、税收。难以置信的是，没有钱。由此可以推知，the Hadza过着非常简单的生活。故选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Their land is packed with sharp bushes, poisonous snakes and man-eating lions”可知，他们的土地上满是锋利的灌木丛，毒蛇和食人狮。由此可知，他们的环境非常危险。故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“The Hadza don't have conflict, and have no memory of starvation. Their population never reaches numbers that cannot be supported through hunting or gathering. They never get from their land more than they need.”可知，哈扎人没有冲突，也没有饥饿的记忆。它的人口从未达到通过狩猎或采集无法维持的数量。他们从自己的土地上得到的东西从来不超过他们所需要的。由此可知，他们和自然和谐相处。故选C。
（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了哈扎人的生活方式：他们生活简单，主要以狩猎为生。他们和大自然和谐相处，长期以来过着平和的生活。由文章的主要内容可以推知，作者来参观the Hadza就是为了了解他们的生活方式。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
9．阅读理解
Looking to have a rest after the working days？Check out to see if the following events are in your area！
（1）What can women choose to do if they want to know something to face in life?
A. Join the carnival at Dreamland. B. Enjoy the concerts on the Long Beach.
C. Visit an exhibit at the William Ris Gallery. D. Experience the music festival at Brooklyn.
（2）How much should a mother with her 10-year-old child pay for concerts on the Long Beach?
A. $80. B. $100.
C. $140.
D. $144.
（3）Which of the following events lasts the shortest time?
A. Northside Festival. B. Solely Women.
C. Broadway Commons Carnival. D. Long Island's Festival.
【答案】 （1）C
（2）D
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四个地方举办的节日—— Northside Festival ， Solely Women ； Broadway Commons Carnival 和 Long Island's Festival 。
（1）考查细节理解。根据 Solely Women 部分中的“ The William Ris Gallery is showing an exhibit all about what females meet in front of life! ”the William Ris Gallery正在展示一个关于女性在生活中遇到的一切事情的展览！可知选C。
（2）考查数字计算。根据 Long Island's Festival 部分中的“ Tickets:$ 80 per adult for the concert,a20% discount for children under18 ”可知成人票是80美元，未成年人票价8折，因此一个母亲和一个10岁的孩子的票价款为80+80x80%=144.故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据 Northside Festival 部分中的“ Time: Saturday, June 9～10, from 12 pm to 6 pm ”； Solely Women 部分中的“ Time: June 8~10, from 12 pm to 5 pm ”； Broadway Commons Carnival 部分中的“ Time: May 31～June 17, from 5 pm to 11 pm” 以及 Long Island's Festival 部分中的“ Time: June 8～10, from 10 am to 11 pm ”可知Northside Festival 只有两天时间，选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和数字计算两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进推理计算，从而选出正确答案。
10．阅读理解
The best-known example of external( 外部的)influence causing language change is the "Americanization" of world culture, which has caused English words to appear in city streets all over the world. The effect is most noticeable in pop music. Foreign groups often record in English, and the words are picked up and repeated in the same language everywhere, even by children who otherwise have little or no command of the language. I once met a Brazilian child of about ten who could count 'one, two, three', but only by adding the words 'o'clock, four o'clock rock 'at the end.
Some people are often strongly critical of the influence of English on their language --- especially when an English word replaces a traditional word. In 1977, France passed a law banning the use of English words in official situations if an equivalent( 意义相同的)French expression existed --- but the law seemed to be honored more in the breaking than in the observing. Some other countries have considered introducing a similar law despite the evidence that such laws have very little effect, and that the arrival of loan words( 外来词) can greatly enrich a language (as indeed in the case of English itself, which has a long history of welcoming foreign words).
However, not everyone is critical. In particular, commercial firms and advertisers are well aware of the potential selling power that the use of English vocabulary can bring. In Japan, English is even used in television commercials, despite the fact that the majority of viewers would not understand exactly what was being said: the excellence implied by the mere use of English is apparently enough to command the strategy to the advertisers.
Most of the influence of English is upon the vocabulary of foreign languages, but surveys are slowly bringing to light several cases where word order or word structure has been affected. Sentences of the type “The book sells well”, using an active construction for a passive meaning, have begun to appear in Danish (Bogen soelger godt). Several languages keep the English plural ending when they make use of a loan word, and do not translate it into the native form, e.g. drinks. There are many other such cases.
（1）Why could the Brazilian child speak 'one, two, three' in English?
A. Because he had seen these words everywhere in the street.
B. Because he had learnt how to tell the time in English.
C. Because he had made himself master of English.
D. Because he had heard these words in songs a lot.
（2）What can we infer about the law passed in France in1977?
A. It was strict. B. It was unfair. C. It was often ignored. D. It was strongly opposed.
（3）Some Japanese commercials use English in the hope of .
A. following the American trend B. becoming world-famous
C. enriching Japanese D. increasing sales
（4）The last paragraph is mainly developed by .
A. providing examples B. making comparisons
C. explaining grammar rules D. analyzing language change
（5）What is the authors attitude towards language change?
A. Critical. B. Objective. C. Concerned. D. Supportive.
【答案】 （1）D
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
（5）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了造成语言变化的外部影响，最著名的例子是世界文化的“美国化”，它导致英语单词出现在世界各地的城市街道上。这种影响在流行音乐中最为明显。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Foreign groups often record in English ⋅⋅⋅ but only by adding the words 'o'clock, four o'clock rock at the end.”可知文中提到的这个巴西小孩可能本身不太会说英语，但是由于含有这些英语数字的歌曲不断重复播放，所以他学会了说这些数字。故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“In 1977, France passed a law banning the use of English words in official situations if an equivalent( 意义相同的)French expression existed --- but the law seemed to be honored more in the breaking than in the observing.”可知1977年，法国通过了一项法律，禁止在官方场合使用与法语表达相同的英语词汇——但这项法律似乎更多地是在打破而不是遵守。故我们可以推测这项法律经常被忽视，故选C。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“the potential selling power that the use of English vocabulary can bring以及the excellence implied by the mere use of English”可知，广告中使用英语能让人感觉该产品很出色，激发人们的购买欲。故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。最后一段中通过“主动结构表达被动意义”和“保留表示复数的词尾”两个例子来说明英语对其他语言的语序或结构也有影响。故选A。
（5）考查推理判断。文章的叙述主要以第三人称视角，引用了不同人的观点和意见，作者本身没有发表看法，因此可以推断作者对于语言转变的态度是“客观的”，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
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