九年级英语总复习专用
1.spend,take,pay,cost
(1).spend spent spent take took taken
pay paid paid cost cost cost
(2)I ____ some money in buying some books
(3)I ____ some money ____ some books
(4)I ____ some money for the books.
(5)It ___ me some money to buy some books
(6)The books ____ me 5 yuan.
2.say ,tell , speak , talk
(1) say said said tell told told
speak spoke spoken talk talked talked
(2) What he _____ is right
(3) Look at the sign ,it ____ “No parking”
(4) It is ___ that Italy is a good place to see
(5) Who is that _____?
(6) Tom often ___ to his mother about it.
(7) He ____ me to go to school yesterday.
(8) He often ____jokes to me
(9)Can you ____ it in English ?
3 important = of importance
useful = of use
(1) It is important or It is of importance
(2) It is useful or It is of use
4.It is +adj +for +sb +to do sth
此句型中的形容词不可以表示人物的性格和品质,常见的有如下: important, difficult, hard,
It is important for you to learn English
It is +adj +of +sb +to do sth
此句型中的形容词是表示人物的性格和品质,常见的有如下:foolish ,clever, kind ,nice ,friendly, polite
It is foolish of you to do that.
5.英语中几个合写和分写的区别和应用
A, maybe adv 是副词,可用于句子的开头和句中
may be “可能是……” 常用于句子的中间,是may情态动词加动词原形构成,可在句子中构成谓语.
1. Maybe he will buy the book 他可能会买这本书
2. He will maybe buy the book他可能会买这本书
3. He may be Tom 他可能是Tom (此句中的may be 就不能用 maybe 替换)
B,everyone 只指人不指物后面不能加of
every one 既指人又指物后面还能加of
(1) Everyone can work out the problem
(2) Every one of us can work out the problem
C,none 既指人又指物后面还能加of
no one只指人不指物后面不能加of
(1)None of us can work out the problem
(2)No one can work out the problem
D, (1)Who is in the classroom? No one 没有人
(2)How many boys are there in your room?
None (没有人)
(3)What is in your box? Nothing (什么也没有？)
E,everyday 用做定语，放在名词的前面 “日常的，每天的”
every day 用做状语，放在句首和句尾 “每天”
We practice everyday English every day.
我们每天练习日常用语。
F, sometime 过去或将来的某个时候
Sometimes 有时
Some time 一段时间
Some times 许多次
G, in time 及时
on time 按时
H ,each ,every 的区别
(1) each 可以做主语，表示两者或两者之间的每一个
every 不可以做主语，表示三者或三者之间的每一个
(2) There are flowers on each side of the road
Each of us has a book
Every student has a book
There is a tree every three meters
6.find +it +adj+ to do
I find it very interesting to read the story
7.英语中有三看（look at , watch , see）两听(listen to,hear)一发现(find)一感觉(feel),他们都有以下的两个句式和宾语从句，下面以see为例：
see sb (宾格) doing 看见某人正在做某事，强调动作的片刻，常常和at that time ,then , on my way home, when 等连用
On my way home I saw him playing football.
see sb(宾格) do sth 看见某人做过某事，强调某事已经发生完成和动作的全过程，或强调动作的反复发生，并且边被动语态的时候要在do 前加上 to
(1)I saw him play football in the street.(指这玩足球的这件事)
（2）I often saw him play football in the street.(强调经常看见他玩足球)
——He was often seen to play football in the street.
当上句子的him是he 的时候，就是宾语从句了，如
下：
I often saw he played football in the street .
8.one … the other 一个 ……另一个
some … others 一些……另一些
(1)I have two apples , one is red and the other is not
(2)I have lots of friends. Some are English and others are American
I have lots of friends. Some are English and other friends are American
9. another +数词 “另外几个”
数词+ more /other “另外几个”
another five apples = five other apples or five more apples
10.比较级中的other 的用法
(1) Tom is the tallest in his class
Tom is taller than any other students in his class
Tom is taller than all the others in his class
Tom is taller than all the other students in his class
Tom is taller than anyone else in his class
(2)Tom 比kate 的班级里的任何一人都高（他两不在同一个班级里）
Tom is taller than any student in Kates class
Tom is taller than anyone in Kates class
Tom is taller than all the students in his class
11.all 都（三者或三者以上）
both 都（两者）
none 一个也没有（三者或三者以上）
neither一个也没有（两者）
either… or 不是…就是…(表示两者之间选择)
neither…nor…两者都不
(1) All the boys go shopping
(2) Both the boys go shopping
(3) Not all the boys go shopping
(4) Which book do you like ,a or b?
Neither . I like c
Either.
(5) He did not go to school
Neither did I (我也没有去上学)
(6)You can park your car on either side of the road.
12. either… or ,neither…nor…, not only …but also…
there be 句型都遵循就近一致原则
Neither he nor I go to school by bike
Neither I nor he goes to school by bike
13A,with , together with , but ,besides, except, as well as 等词连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于前者。
He as wall as we goes to school by bike everyday.
B,动词不定式和动名词做主语的时候，谓语动词用单数
C,时间，金钱，距离做主语时 ，谓语动词用单数
D,分数，百分数+of +名词，谓语的单复数取决于后面的名词
Two thirds of the students are boys
Two thirds of bread is tasty
E, a pair of +名词 谓语的单复数取决于pair 的单复数
A pair of jeans is long
F, 当表示一个人的时候用单数
The teacher and writer is my father
G, 当each和every连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词用单数
Every boy and every girl is comimg.
H,当people , police做主语的时候谓语动词用单数
J， 当the +adj 表示一类人的时候，如the rich, the poor 做主语，谓语动词用单数.
The poor are hungry
K， more than one +可数名词的单数形式，谓语动词用单数
14. so , such ,的用法与区别
(1)后接单数可数名词的时候，二者可以通用，但语序有所不同，so +adi +a/an +n such +a/sn +adj +n
He is so good a boy ... He is such a good boy...
(2)such 后接复数可数名词和不可数名词，但是当复数可数名词和不可数名词前有many , much , few , little 这四个词的时候,只能用 so .
例如：such fine weather such water
so little water so few people
(3) so 后接形容词和副词的原级。
He runs so fast
15.so... that ... such... that... too... to ... enough... to , in order to , so as to .
16 时间状语从句和条件状语从句，在语法上都遵循，主句如果是将来时，从句（when,as soon as,before,not...until.， if , unless,so long as所引导的）用现在时来表示将来时。
时间状语从句的常见的引导词：
when,as soon as,before,not...until.
条件状语从句常见的引导词语：
whether,if , unless,so long as (只要)
(1)I do not know if Tom will go shopping
做know的宾语
If he goes shopping, I will go ,too.
如果...... 表示条件。
(2)I do not know when Tom will go shopping.
做know的宾语
When he goes shopping, I will tell you .
“当......的时候”表示时间
(3) I will call you up as soon as he comes back.
表示时间
17.if /whether 的用法区别
(1) 表示“是否”的时候可以替换
I do not know if/whether go shopping tomorrow.
(2) 但是下面有几种情况只能用whether,
a. 后面直接接动词不定式的时候 I do not know whether to go shopping
b. 后面接 or not 的时候 I do not know whether I can pass the exam or not
c. 做主语的时候 Whether he did that is unknown.
(3)当表示如果的时候，就只能用if
18.when / while
A 强调动作的同时发生
while后只能接延续性动词，常常是动词的进行时态
when 后面可以是延续性的动词，也可以是暂断性动词
(1) I was watching TV while my mother was cooking
(2) Tom was wathing TV when I got to his home.
B．when 也可以表示两个动作的先后顺序
When I got to the bus stop , the bus had already left.
19.make sb do sth--- sb + be +made+to +do
I make Tom do his homework
Tom is made to do his homework(by me )
buy sb sth ---sth +be +bought+for +sb
I bought Tom a book
A book was bought for Tom(by me )
英语中常见的用于被动的结构的句式有
be allowed to do sth 被允许去做某事
be told to do sth 被告诉去做某事
be seen to do sth 被看见作了某事
be asked to do sth 被要求去做某事
20.but , except,besides , except for
But 常常和表示否定意义的词语连用，如no one ,nothing, nobody
Nobody but Tom has a atory book
Except 表示“除了…之外”表示排除
All the boys go to school except Tom. He is ill at home
Besides 表示“除了……还有”常常和other 等表示“另外”之意的词语连用。
Do you learn other lessons besides English ?
I have five other books besides this one .
Except for 表示所排除的部分和前面的不是一个类别。
Your composition is very good except for a few mistakes
21.hear 1.听到，侧重于听的结果 2.听说， 常常接宾语从句
I hear that Tom is ill at home
hear of 听说，接名词
I hear of his illness at home .
hear from 表示收到某人的来信，但是后面不可以接信
22.use 的有关的句式
used to do 过去常常做某事
be used to do 被用来去作某事
be used to doing 习惯于作某事
be used for doing 被用来做某事
be used as 被用做为什么东西
(1) He used to smoke but now he is used to drinking milk.
(2)He used to work very late, did not he /used not he ?
(3)The wood is used as a chair
(4)The knife is used to cut meat
The knife is used for cutting meat.
(4)He is used to the life in the villege.
(5)I use the knife to eat meat
The knife is used to eat meat
23.make 的有关的句式
make ab do sth 使某人做某事
sb be made to do sth 某人被要求去做某事
be made from… 某物由……组成（不能看出原材料）
be made of … 某物由……组成（能看出原材料）
be made into… 材料制成……成品
be made in 在……地方制造
be made up of 由……构成（常指成员以及组成部分）
make good use of 充分的利用
(1) He used to smoke but now he does not and he is used to drinking milk.
(2) The desk is made of wood
Wood is made into a desk.
The desk is made in Jiansanjiang
(3) The drink is made from wheat and grains.
(4) Our team is made of five boys .
25.at the end of “在…的末端” at the end of the road
by the end of “到…为止” 常用于现在完成时态
in the end 最后
end up “结束” 常接doing 的形式
26. do with 常常和 what 连用
deal with 常常和 how 连用
27.重点短语集合
(1).put up 挂起，张贴，临时搭建
(2).give up 放弃 常常接doing give in 屈服
(3). stay up 熬夜
(4).get up 起床
(5.)hand up 举起手来 hand in 上交
(6).look up 查阅
(7). put off 推迟（中考）
(8). take off 起飞，脱下
(9). turn on 打开 turn off 关闭
turn down 减小 turn up 增大
(10).look over 检查 look through 浏览
(11).go over 复习
(12). turn over 翻转
(13).stay /keep away from 远离 be far away from 距…远
(14).borrow… from 从…借 强调 （借入0
(15.)lend…to 把…借给强调（借 出）
(16).satop/keeep/prevernt sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
(17).look out 相当于be careful /take care 表示当心的意思 take care of /care for /look after 照顾 care about 关心 ，在意
look out of 从…往外看
(18).look like 看起来像（指的是在外貌上）
take after 看起来像（指的是在外貌上或性格上的相象）
(19).问某人长的怎么样的两个句子What does he look like ? （外貌）或 What is he like ?（外貌或性格上） (20).问天气怎么样的两个句子What is the weather like ? How is the weather ?
(21). 问“你怎么了？” What is wrong with you ? / What is the matter with you ? / What is the trouble with you ? / What happened to you ? / What is up ?
(22).lend … to give … to show …to
buy .sb sth =buy sth for sb
(23).ask sb sth tell sb sth =tell sth to sb can not wait to do sth
(24.)问职业的几种方法What is he ? /What is his job ? / What is he ?
(25). What do you think of sth ?=How do you like sth ? (26). 几个表示建议的几种问法 Why do not you play football ? /Why not play football ? / What about playing football ? /How about playing football? 27后接doing 的几种形式
(1) mind /practice /can not stand / feel like/enjoy/
look forward to
(2) make a contribution to 对做….有贡献
(3) have fun (in) doing sth 在做…有乐趣
(4) 在做…有困难 有如下的几个句式
have a hard time (in) doing sth在做…有困难
have a problem (in) doing sth
have difficulty (in) doing sth
have trouble (in) doing sth
以上的几个句式都可以用with sth 的形式
(5)某人忙于做某事
be busy (in) doing sth
be busy with sth
He is busy in doing his homework.他正在忙于做作业
28.need 的用法
(1) need to be done=need doing 某物需要被做 主语常常是物或事
The flowers need to be watered
(2)need to do 用于任何时态
We need to study hard
(3) need当做情态动词的时候用于否定句中或一般疑问句中
He need not do his homework now
(4)回答need/must 的问句的时候，有以下的两种形式
Need/Must he go to school now ?
Yes , he must /No , he need not /No, he does not have to
29.(1)May I have a look at your book ?
回答的时候借助于 can ,can not 或must not
(2)Could you give me a hand ?
回答的时候不用could ，而用can 的适当形
(3)肯定的推测用must ， 表示否定的推测用
can not ,如果不是十分的肯定的则用 may /may not
(1)He must be Tom in the room. Because his car is here
(2)He can not Tom . Because he is ill at hospital.
(3)He may be Tom . I am not sure.
30. 连系动词的用法
连系动词后接形容词，没有被动语态，没有现在进行时态，常见的连系动词有sound，look ,taste ,smell,
feel ,turn ,go .become 等。
(1)但是应当注意的是look的用法，当它作为动词用表示“看…”的时候，应该用副词来修饰。例如：
He is looking carefully at the cat
He looks careful.
(2) turn 常常后接表示颜色的形容词 turn red
go 常常后接表示坏的方面的形容词 go bad
31.help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事
help oneself to +sth 但是此句型不能接表示吃喝的单词如(eat or have ),并且oneself也随着主语的单复数的变化而变化。
Help yourselves to some fish, boys!
32.英语中说：价格高于低 ， 东西贵与贱，
The price is high .
The coat is at a low price.
The coat is expensive.
对人口提问用 what
修饰人口的多与少用large 和small
33.few ,a few , little , a little 的区别和应用
(1)few ＂几乎没有＂，强调否定的概念，用于反意
疑问句中的时候，后边用肯定的，后接复数的可
数名词，比较级fewer
He has few books，does he ?
He has a few books，does not he ?
a few ＂有一点＂ only a few 有一点，quite a
few 相当多，修饰可数名词的复数形式
little ＂几乎没有＂强调否定的概念，用于反意
疑问句中的时候，后边用肯定的
He has little time to play football, does he?
He has a little time to play football,does not he?
a little ＂有一点＂ Only a little有一点 quite a
little 相当多的修饰不可数名词
(2)a little =a bit "一点，有点＂常修饰形容词的原级或比较级 He is a little /a bit tired 他有点累
a little =a bit of ＂有点＂ 修饰不可数名词
Ｉhave a little /a bit of bresd 我有点面包．
注：a bit of 也可以修饰可数名词的单数形式，
意思是：有点像．
not a little # not a bit 前者是＂非常＂的意思，而后者是＂一点也不＂
He is not a little tired 他非常的累
He is not a bit tired.他一点也不累．
34 lie lied lied lying 说谎
lie lay lain lying 躺，放，位于
(1)lie 后可接in (在同一个范围之内）on (表示两个地方相互接壤）to (两个地方不相临或有海相隔)
Heiongjiang lies in China
Heilongjiang lies on the north of Jilin
Japan lies to the east of Fujian
35.英语中常见的短语
be surprised to do sth 作某事感到惊奇
have a surprise party 开一个惊喜晚会
in surprise 惊喜地
be pleased/happy with 对 感到满意
be mad at 对… 感到生气
be angry at/about 对某事感到生气
be angry with 对某人感到生气
be strict with sb对某人要求严格
be strict in sth 对某事要求严格
be busy with 忙于做某事
be filled with =be full of 充满，装满
be crowded with 挤满
be worried about 担心….(1)asleep睡着的 , fall (1)asleep 入睡 sleepy 要睡着的,困的,欲睡的
(2)Whose book is this ?
It is Tomˋs / It belongs to Tom
(3)英语中”虽然…但是” “因为…所以”只可以用其中的一个就可以表达.
(4)Watching TV too much is bad for us
Is watching TV too much bad for us ? (注意too much 的用法)
(5)make room for 为…腾地方,此句式的room为不可数名词,不可以加 s
(6)pretend to do sth 假装作某事
(7)take a message for sb 为某人捎便条
take a message for sb 为某人留便条
(9) remind sb of sth 使某人想起了某事
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人去做某事
The story reminded me of my childhood
Please remimd me to get up on time tomorrow morning
(10) most of +the +名词=most +名词,通常为复数可数名词 Most of the students are boys =Most students are boys.
(11)We will do what we can to help others 我们将做我们能做的事去帮助别人.
36 too much 修饰不可是数
too many 修饰可数名词
much too 修饰形容词的原级
many more 修饰复数可数名词 翻译成 “多得多”
I have many more books
much more 修饰不可数名词 翻译成 “多得多”
I have much homewoek to do.
37.order 订购食物，货物
I am hungry .Do you order any food tor me ?
book 订购或预定 房间，票，座位等
Can you book some tichets for me ?
in order to =so as to 为了
We study hard in order to make a contribution to our
country
38.英语中有几个名词或常常接介词to ，这几个名词是key/ answer/ invitation/ visit
This is the answer to the question ( 动词）
Can you answer the quesition ? （名词）
I want to visit Dalian（动词）
I want to pay a visit to Dalian.（名词）
I want to invite Tom to come here.(动词）
I got an invitation to the party. (名词）
39.prefer ... to ...
He prefers aranges to apples
与苹果相比，他比较喜欢橘子
He prefers dancing to swimming
他宁愿游泳也不跳舞。
prefer to ...
He prefers to do his homework by himself. 他比较喜欢自己独自的完成作业
prefer to ... rather than ...
He preferred to dance rather than swim
他宁愿跳舞也不愿游泳。
prefer to...instead of 上面的句子也同样可以用这个句型进行替换，只不过of的后面要加 doing的形式
He preferred to dance instead of swimminng.
注意: prefer 的过去式以及过去分词都是双写r在加ed,并且不可以和比较级连用.
40.节日名词简介
Women Day Fools Day Mother Day
Father Day May Day Children Day
Teachers Day Christmas Day Thanksgiving Day
41.英语中有很多的动词短语,这些动词短语大多数都是有动词和副词以及动词和介词构成的,其中动词和副词所构成的动词短语当后接人称代词的时候,人称代词必须放在动词和副词的中间,如 put away ,put on ,put up, take off ,put off, think over,look up ,give up 等,
但是如果是动词和介词所构成的动词短语,后接人称代词的时候,人称代词放在介词之后,如get on it, think about it , take care of it ,look after him.等,
英语中常见的副词有up, away ,off
英语中常见介词有 about,of , after,from,in,on,behind 等。
42.几个不容忽视的重点句型
(1)have /get sth done 使某事被别人做
I have my bike mended我让别人修理了我的自行车
(2) have sth to do 某人有某事要做(事情有主语去做)
I have many chores to do
(3) have /make sb do sth 要求某人做某事
Do you have /make anybody buy books?
英语中常见的语法知识归纳
1．反译疑问句
１.反译疑问句遵循＂前肯后否，前否后肯＂的方法
He is a good boy ,is not he ?
２.当前句子中有如下的几个常见的词语的时候，反译疑问句部分应用肯定的形式：hardly, never,seldom,not,too...to,nobody,nothing(等否定的不定代词）的时候
1..He is not a good boy, is he ?
2.Nothing is good ,is it ?
3.None is here , is he / are they ?
4.He is too yong to go to school, ia he ?
(注意，主语是不定代词的时候，如果是表示物的，反译疑问句部分用 it 来代替，如2题．如果反译疑问句部分是表示人的不定代词的时候,反译疑问句部分用he 或 they 来代替，如上３题）
３.英语中的否定的前缀（常见的有un- , dis-,im-等）或后缀常见的后缀有（-less 等）以及否定的不定式（如tell sb not to do sth )不算，仍旧按肯定的来做．
1.He is unhappy , is not he ?
2.He often tells her not to go swimming , does not he ?
4.祈使句的反译疑问句通常都是will you 或 will not you ?的形式，但是有以下的特殊的几种情况：
1.当祈使句是肯定的时候，反译疑问句是 will you ? 或 will not you ?都可以
Come in please, will you / will not you ?
Let us go home now , will you /will not you ?
2.当祈使句是否定的部分，反译疑问句是will you ?
Do not come in please , will you ?
3. 当祈使句部分是lets的时候，反译疑问句只能是， shall we 的形式．
５祈使句是there be 结构的，反译疑问句部分也是 there be 的结构．
There is a dog, is not there ?
6.主从复合句的句子，反译疑问句反译主句
I do not know where he lives , do I ?
If Tom has time , he will go shopping, will not he ?
但是有一点值得注意的是，在宾语从句中，如果
主语是第一人称( I或we) 谓语动词是think ,believe, suppose , guss 等词的时候，反译后边的，既是主句后边的从句，如下：
I think he is right , is not he ?
I do not think he is right , is he ?
7.I am ...反译疑问句为，are not I ?
二，感叹句的有关用法
. 关键就是看一看形容词的后边是否有名词，有名词的时候就确定用what / what a / what an ,没有名词的时候就用 how ,具体的用法看一下以下的几个例子
1. He is a good boy What a good boy he is !
2. The boly is good How good the boy is !
3.The weather is good How good is the weather!
4.Ii is fine weather What fine weather it si !
三，定语从句的有关知识
定语从句在中考中主要考察的是有关关系词的用法，如何确定关系词，其主要的方法就是:
.看先行词是人还是物
.看先行词在从句中所做的成分
只要掌握这两个方法的内容就可以了．
１.先行词表示物的：
.在从句中做主语，关系词为： which , that
This is the book that /which belongs to Tom
This is the room that / which has five windows
.在从句中做宾语，关系词为：which, that 并
且常常可以省略( 如果关系词前面有介词的
时候，只能用which)
This is the book(that /which )I bought yesterday
.在从句中做定语，关系词为： Whose
I have a room whose widows are very beautiful
２.先行词为人的时候：
.在从句中做主语，关系词为： that ,who
This is the man that / who has five horses
.在从句中做宾语，关系词为： that, who, whom
并且常常可以省略．(如果关系词前面有介词的
时候，只能用whom)
I do not know the man (that / who /whom) he is
takling with.
I do not know the man with whom he is
takling .
.在从句中做定语，关系词为： Whose
Do you know the man whose daughter is Kate ?
定语从句中应该注意的事项
1.只用that的几种情况
先行词是不定代词的时候
Nothing that can be done is good
先行词既有人又有物的时候
I do not like the people and the weter that are not good.
先行词有最高级修饰的时候
This ie the best book that I have read so far
先行词有叙述词修饰的时候
The Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers that
are in China.
先行词有the only ,the very 的时候
He is the only one that passed the exam.
2.中考中常见的易混的题型：
I never forget the days that /which we spent
together
I nver forget the days when we worked
Together.
This is the room that/which Tom lives in
This is the room where Tom lives
This book is the one( that) you borrowed me
Is this book the one (that )you borrowed me ?
This is the book (that)you borrowed me
Is this the book (that) you borrowed me?
四，宾语从句的有关用法
A. 常见的宾语从句都是用在这些动词之后的，如know , ask , tell, wonder (想知道）等词语．宾语从句有如下的几个规则需要大家掌握好：
.宾语从句正常语序，即主语在前，谓语在后
主句是一般时态，从句该用什么时态就用什么
时态
.主句如果是过去时态的某个时态，从句应该用
过去时的相应时态
但是应该注意的是，如果从句是表示的客观真
理的时候，不变，仍然用一般现在时．
The teacher told me that the earth goes around
the sun.
④could you ....+宾语从句 ？ 这里的
could 并不是过去时态的标志，应用的时候应
注意使用,通常使用一般时态．
Could you please tell me where he lives ?
B.宾语从句分三种形式
宾语从句是陈述句的时候，这是从句的连接词为that，并且常常可以省略．
I told my mother. Tom wes going shopping
I told my mother that Tom was going shoppiing.
宾语从句是一般疑问句的时候，这是从句的连接词为if / whether
I asked Tom. Was he going shopping?
I asked Tom if / whether he was going shopping.
宾语从句是特殊疑问句的时候，这时从句的连接词为这个疑问词，但是要注意从句的正常语序．
I know. Where does Tom live ?
I know where Tom lives. 我知道Tom住的地方
5．被动语态的用法
注意被动语态也是中考的中难点部分，这一个部分同学们应该重点的把握被动语态的结构，即：Be +动词的过去分词．把握主语和谓语动词的关系．以下的几个例子仅供参考．
１.Many trees should be planted to stop the land
from blowing away
２.The flowers are watered by me evrey day
３.Many buildings have been built since 1999.
４.The students should be allowed to wear their
own uniforms.
５.All the other students went home ,but I still was at the school becauce I was not told to go home. 其他所有的学生都被告诉回家了，而我没有，因为我没有被告诉．
６.He was not invited to go to the party.
他没有被邀请参加这一个晚会．
六．现在完成时的有关用法和注意事项．
Ａ．现在完成时有两中用法
动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响和后果
He has written the letter (对现在造成的影响是，信件已经写完）
I have had breakfast （对现在造成的影响是，我已经饱了）
动作发生在过去，持续到现在，或者还将要持续下去，通常和since + 时间点, for+ 时间段, how long 等词语来连用，并且值得注意的是，句子中的谓语动词必须是延续性的动词，同时也是历届中考的出题的方向和采分点，需注意．
常见的有：join → be a member of
buy→ have come→ be here
go→ be there leave→ be away
begin→ be on
１.How long have you been here ?
你在这里呆多长时间了．
Ｂ. 现在完成时态的标志
since + 时间点, for+ 时间段, how long ，never, ever, so far , since then,in the last/past +时间段，recently(最近），already , yet 等
Ｃ.have gone to ＂去了某地＂强调人不在原地
May I speak to Tom ?
I am sorry you can not .He has gone to Shanghai.
have been to "去过某地＂表示人已经回来．
Have you been to Shanghai ,Tom?
Yes . Shanghai is a beautiful place.
七.冠词的有关用法
A 不定冠词的用法
1.第一次提到的人或物的时候
This is a book
2.范指某人或某物的时候，以区别其他的种类
A plane is a machine.
3.用语某些固定的短语中
have a swim/walk /talk /rest 并且等于对应的动词， in a hurry , have a good time , do sb a favour (帮助某人 )
B. 定冠词的用法
1.谈话双方都知道的人或事
Please look at the book
2.特指或上文已经提到的人或事
Do you know the boy in red ?（特指）
I have a book . The book is English book .
3.表示世界上的独一无二的人或事
The earth goed around the sun
4.用在形容词的最高级或序数词前，以及对两个事物进行比较的时候起特指作用的比较级前
The man is the tallest in the class
The man is the first one to come
The man is the taller of the two.
5.the +姓+s 表示一家人或夫妻俩
The Smiths are going to Shanghai.使密斯一家打算去上海。
6.在单数可数名词前，可以表示一类人或事
The orange is orange 橘子是橘色的。
7.与形容词连用表示一类人
The rich / poor are ...
8.方位和乐器名词前
in the east play the piano
9.常用在介词短语中或某些固定的短语中
in the desk , by the way , in the end , all the time , at the same time 等等
英语中不用冠词的时候
1. 专有名词前如：人名，地名，国名，物质名词等
①China is a great country
②Mary lives in New York
2. 名词前已经有指示代词（如this,that ,these,those ）物主代词（your , my 等），名词所有格等修饰的时候，就不用the 修饰
My book is good .我的一本书是好的。
3. 在节日，日期，星期，月份，季节等词语前
1 June 1 is Children Day
2 We swim in the river in summer
4. 在称呼前或头衔前不加
Mr Li is a good father.
He is monitor in our class
5. 在三餐，球类以及学科名词前不加冠
We all like English .
7.有在某些固定的短语中或某些习惯用语之中
day and night 日夜 face to face面对面 side by side 肩并肩 step by step一步一步 neck to neck 并驾齐驱，不分上下
at home在家 by bike 乘自行车
八.名词的有关用法
1.名词的复数
复合名词前如果有man 或woman 时，变复数时，复合名词的两个名词都要变复数，如果是其他的名词的时候，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变成复数就可以了。
Man teacher men teachers
Boy student boy students
Shop assistant shop assistants
2.国人变复数的时候有如下的口诀
中日不变，英法变，其他一律加s
3.名词所有格的用法
1 名词+s (有生命的名词)
1. 单数名词词尾或复数名词词尾没有s 时，都要加s
Lucy coat Chldrend Day
2.表示几个人共有，只需在最后的一个人的后面加 s,如果表示的是几个人分别有，要在各自的名字后面加 s
②s 可以表示“家”“店铺”“诊所”等处所
Tom s Tom 家 the doctor s 诊所
③ 双从所有格of +名词所有格 或 of+名词性物主代词
a friend of Tom s
a friend of mine
九.形容词的有关用法
A 1.作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词的后面
The beautiful girl is Mary
I have something new to tell you .
2.做表语，常常放在系动词的后面
I am tall
The news sounds good
3.做宾语补足语
Please keep your eyes closed
4.某些形容词放在定冠词的后面，变成名词，表示一类人，常见的有good / bad ,rich / poor , young / old , deaf / blind, black / white , living / dead 等。并且作主语的时候，谓语动词用复数。
The rich should help the poor.
The yong are good
B.不规则变化
good / well better best
many / much more most
bad / ill worse worst
far farther / further,farthest /furthest
old older / elder , oldest / eldest
little less / least
C.1.下面这些词修饰形容词的时候，形容词
用原级 very / so / too / enough / quite 等
2.常用的修饰比较级的词语有 a little , a
bit , a lot , even , much ,（ a few, far , any ,
rather, ）等
I feel even worse.
D.形容词的常规的用法以及句式
1.表示两者进行比较的时候，句式为
“A+ 比较级+than +B
The book is better than that one
注意：在英语中为了避免重复，常用the ong , that , the ones , those 等 来代替前面出现过的名词，the one来代替前面可数名词的单数形式， the ones / those来代替复数可数名词， that来代替不可数名词，具体如下：
①The book is more interesting than the one on the desk
②The books are more interesting than the ones / thoae on the desk
③The weather in Shanghai ia larger than that in Heilongjiang .
2.表示两者之间进行选择 “哪一个时更.......”，用句型“Who / Which is +形容词的比较级，A or B?
3.“两者之间比较......的一个（of the two ）时”，常用“the +比较级”的结构。
He is the taller of the two boys.
4.表示“越来越.......”用比较级的重叠结构，既“比较级+比较级”，多音节的或部分双音节的词要用“more and more +形容词的原级”
He is becomimg fatter and fatter
The country is becoming more and more beautiful
6. 表示“越......就越......”，时用“the+比较级，the+比较级”的结构
The more we get ,the happier we will be
我们获得的越多，我们就越高兴。
7.最高级前必须加the , 并且常常接of / in 等介词短语
He is the tallest in the class
He is the tallest of us
7. 表示三者或三者以上进行选择时，用”Which/Who +the +最高级，A ，B or C?”
8. 表示“最......的 ......之一”时，用“one of the +形容词的最高级”结构，但是后面的名词要用复数形式。
Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.
9. 形容词的最高级前可以加序数词，表示“第几最......”
Changjiang is the first longest river in China
10.形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格等来修饰，但是要注意的是，有这些词语修饰，最高级前的the 要省去。
This is my biggest birthday party .
11.as ...as 和......一样 中间要用形容词和副词的原级
Tom is as tall as Mary
not as / so ... as 不如......
Tom is not as / so tall as Mary
Tom is shorter than Mary
12.表示比某人大几岁的时候，用“A+数词+years+older+than B”句型
Tom is five years older than Mary
其他的比如说“长几米”也用这个句式。
The road is five meters longer than that one.
13.常见的形容词转化成副词
careful carefully careless carelessly
polite politely terrible terribly
fortunate fortunately lucky luckily
happy happily healthy healthily
easy easily active actively
good well fast fast
quick quickly deep deep/deeply
wide widely high high/highly
..sad sadly
本文来源：https://www.2haoxitong.net/k/doc/a3904aaa504de518964bcf84b9d528ea81c72fc3.html
文档为doc格式