加强发展太阳能光伏建筑一体化措施及未来发展趋向

加强发展太阳能光伏建筑一体化措施及未来发展趋向

　　一、太阳能光伏建筑一体化的涵义

A solar photovoltaic building integration, meaning

　　太阳能光伏建筑一体化就是将太阳能发电(光伏)产品集成或结合到建筑来提供电力，根据节能、环保、安全、美观、经济实用的总体要求，将光伏发电作为建筑的一种体系进入建筑领域，纳入建设工程基本建设程序，同步一体化设计、一体化制造、一体化安装，使其光伏建筑规范化、标准化。

Solar building integrated photovoltaic (PV) is a solar power generating product integration or binding to the buildings to provide electricity, according to the overall energy saving, environmental protection, safety, beautiful, economical and practical requirements, the photovoltaic power generation as a system architecture in the construction field, into the basic construction procedure, installation of a synchronous integrated design, integrated manufacturing the photovoltaic building, integration, standardization, standardization.

　　二、太阳能光伏建筑一体化的类型

Type two, solar photovoltaic building integration

　　根据太阳能光伏方阵与建筑结合的方式不同，其分为两大类：一类是建筑与光伏系统相结合，这种方式是把封装好的的光伏组件（平板或曲面板），建筑物作为光伏组件的载体，再与逆变器、蓄电池、控制器、负载等装置相联，系统还可通过一定的装置与公共电网联接。另一类是光伏组件与建筑材料集成化。即光伏组件以一种建筑材料的形式出现。如果用光伏器件代替部分建材，即用光伏组件来做建筑物的屋顶、外墙和窗户，这样既可用做建材也可用以发电，可谓物尽其美。

According to the combination of solar photovoltaic and building in different ways, which is divided into two categories: one is the combination of architecture and photovoltaic system, this is the way to package a good PV module ( flat or curved plate ), building as a carrier of PV module, inverter, battery, controller and then, load device., system can also be connected with the public power grid through a certain device. Another kind is the PV module and integrated building materials. The photovoltaic component to a building material form. If the use of photovoltaic devices instead of partial building materials, namely photovoltaic components to do the building roof, walls and windows, so that both can be used as building materials and can be used for power generation, is the best beauty.

　　三、太阳能光伏建筑一体化的优势

Three, solar photovoltaic building integration advantage

　　1、绿色能源。太阳能光伏建筑一体化产生的是绿色能源，是取之不尽的再生能源,开发利用过程中不会产生对生态方面的污染。

1, green energy. The solar photovoltaic building integration is green energy is inexhaustible, renewable energy, development and utilization of the ecological aspects of the process does not produce pollution.

　　2、不扩展用地、对电网起调节作用。光伏阵列一般安装在闲置的屋顶或外墙上，无需额外占用土地，这对于土地昂贵的城市建筑尤其重要；夏天是用电高峰的季节，也正好是日照量最大、光伏系统发电量最多的时期，解决电网峰谷供需矛盾,对电网可以起到调节作用。

2, do not extend regulation effect on power system land. Photovoltaic array is usually installed in the idle roof or walls, no additional land occupation, which is especially important for land expensive city construction; summer is the peak season, also happens to be the period of maximum amount, sunshine PV system generating capacity of up to solve the contradiction between supply and demand, power grid peak and valley, the grid can rise to adjust effect of.

　　3、当地发电、就近用电，在一定距离范围内可以节省电站送电网的投资。对于联网户用电系统，光伏阵列所发电力既可供给本建筑物负载使用，也可送入电网。在阴雨天、夜晚或光强很小的时候，负载可由电网供电。由于有分布式建设，就近就地分散发电用电，进入和退出电网灵活，既有利于增强电力系统抵御战争和灾害的能力，又有利于改善电力系统的负荷平衡，并可降低线路损耗。光伏阵列和公共电网共同供给负载供应电力，增加了供电的可靠性。

3, the nearest local power, electricity, can save power grid within a certain distance of the investment. For the network household electrical system, photovoltaic array can not only supply the hair power building load, can be fed into the grid. In the rainy days, night or light intensity is small, the load from the power supply. Because of distributed construction, scattered nearby generating electricity, flexible entry and exit grid, will help to enhance the power system to resist war and disasters, and to improve the power system load balancing, and can reduce the loss of line. Photovoltaic array and public power supplied load power supply, increase the reliability of power supply.

　　4、综合考虑建筑结构和太阳能设备协调和谐，构造合理，其建筑融合为一体，即易于形成良好的建筑艺术形象，还可使建筑外观更具魅力；既可发电又能作为建筑材料和装饰材料，使物质资源充分利用发挥多种功能，不但有利用降低建设费用，而且能增加建筑物科技含量。

4, considering the building structure and solar equipment harmonious, reasonable structure, the building integration, that is easy to form a good architectural image, also can make the building look more attractive; can generate electricity as well as building materials and decorative materials, make full use of material resources to play multiple functions, not only to reduce the construction costs, but also can increase the content of science and technology building.

　　5、太阳能光伏建筑一体技术采用并网光伏系统，以电网为储能装置，不需要配备蓄电池，既节省投资，又不受蓄电池荷电状态的限制，比独立太阳能光伏系统的建设投资可减少达35%～45%，从而使发电成本大为降低。

Grid-connected photovoltaic system uses 5, solar photovoltaic building integration technologies, to power grid energy storage device, do not need to be equipped with batteries, saving investment, and is not affected by the state of charge of battery limit, independent photovoltaic system can reduce the construction investment of 35% ~ 45%, thus greatly reducing the cost of power generation.

　　6、可以起到建筑节能减排作用。光伏阵列吸收太阳能转化为电能，极大降低了室外综合温度，减少了温室气体和污染物排放，减少了墙体得热和室内空调冷负荷，起到建筑节能减排作用，也符合与生态环境和谐，符合经济社会可持续发展战略。

6, can play a role in building energy-saving emission reduction. Photovoltaic array absorption of solar energy into electrical energy, which greatly reduces the comprehensive temperature of outdoors, to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants, reduce the wall to heat and indoor air conditioning cooling load, to the construction of energy-saving emission reduction effect, is also in line with the harmonious and ecological environment, with the economic and social sustainable development strategy.

　　7、配合设计院等相关单位，通过实体工程建设，制定行业的设计、施工、质量标准和相关的规程和图集，引导行业的健康有序发展。

7, with the relevant units design institute, through the entity engineering construction, the development of industry design, construction, quality standards and related regulations and atlas, guide the healthy and orderly development of industries.

　　四、太阳能光伏建筑一体化成为未来新能源发展趋势

Four, building integrated photovoltaics become the future development trend of new energy

　　《京都协定书》的签订标志人类正向可持续发展的方向努力。太阳能是清洁、安全、取之不尽的可再生能源，充分开发利用太阳能是世界各国政府可持续发展的能源战略决策。根据国际能源署的预测，2020年世界光伏发电的发电量将占总发电量的2%，2040年则会占到20%—28%。2006年1月《中华人民共和国可再生能源法》正式实施，该法案将太阳能发电并网合法化，为太阳能光伏发电产业打开国内市场的大门。国家能源局正在编制的“十二五”能源发展规划提出，到2020年太阳能发电装机容量达到20GW，是2007年规划的11倍。这将对我国的光伏建筑一体化产业的大规模推广起到非常积极的作用。太阳能光伏建筑一体化以其独特优势，成为未来新能源发展趋势。

" Kyoto Protocol " sign symbol of human forward sustainable development direction. Solar energy is a clean, safe, inexhaustible renewable energy, full development and utilization of solar energy is the energy strategy of the governments of the world sustainable development. According to the International Energy Agency, electricity production in 2020 the world's photovoltaic power generation will account for the total generating capacity of 2%, in 2040 will account for 20% - 28%. In 2006 January, " renewable energy law " of the people's Republic of China formally implemented, the bill will be solar power grid legalization, open the domestic market for solar photovoltaic power generation industry door. The National Energy Bureau is preparing a " Twelfth Five-Year " energy development plan, by 2020 solar power generation installed capacity reached 20GW, 11 times the 2007 planning. This will be a large-scale promotion of our country building integrated photovoltaic industry play a very active role. Solar photovoltaic building integration with its unique advantages, become the future development trend of new energy.

　　五、加强发展太阳能光伏建筑一体化措施

Five, strengthen the integration measures for the development of solar energy photovoltaic building

　　1、制定和实施太阳能光伏建筑一体化相关配套法律及相应规划标准、使用标准规范等，推动太阳能资源开发和利用，在建筑中的应用创造良好的政策环境。

1, the formulation and implementation of solar photovoltaic building integration of the related laws and the corresponding planning standards, use of standards, to promote solar energy resources development and utilization, the application in building to create a good policy environment.

　　2、积极推动建设领域资源节能的制度与规范建设，将可再生能源在建筑中的应用形成一种制度约束，提高政府与百姓的节能意识、新能源利用意识，让太阳能在建筑中的利用成为一种趋势和必然。

2, actively promote the construction of system and standard construction area resource conservation, the application of renewable energy in buildings formed a kind of system constraints, improve the awareness of energy conservation, the government and the people of new energy utilization consciousness, let the utilization of solar energy in building has become a trend and necessary.

　　3、明确实施主体，推进“太阳能屋顶计划”。太阳能光电应用项目业主单位或光电产品企业是光电建筑一体化示范工程建设的主体，应结合其自身实际，快速启动“太阳能屋顶计划”。确保示范工程效果，要进一步加强宣传，扩大影响，增加市场认知度，形成广泛应用太阳能光电产品的良好社会氛围；要将光电建筑应用作为建筑节能的重要内容，在新建建筑、既有建筑节能改造、城市照明中积极推广应用。积极帮助争取中央、省财政可再生能源等专项资金，予以补助，大力刺激国内光伏建筑一体化市场的发展。

3, a clear implementation of the main, to promote the " solar roofs plan ". The application of photovoltaic solar power project owner or photoelectric products, enterprises are the main body of building integrated photovoltaic demonstration project construction, should be combined with its own actual, quick start " solar roofs plan ". Ensure that the demonstration project, to further strengthen the propaganda, expand the influence, increase market awareness, the formation of a good social environment widely used solar photovoltaic products; to the application of the photoelectric structure as an important content of building energy saving, in the new building, the energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, city lighting, actively promote the use of. Actively help for the central, provincial finance renewable energy development special funds, subsidies, to stimulate the domestic building integrated photovoltaic market.

　　4、建立太阳能建筑的质量认证体系，开展质量认证和相应的标识体系进行认证，认真贯彻和执行建筑领域中国家相关太阳能光电应用的技术标准，提升产品质量水平；要结合本地实际，尽快编制太阳能光电产品建筑安装技术标准规程；相关光电企业也应制定本单位产品在建筑领域应用的企业标准，提高应用水平。　　

4, the establishment of quality certification system of solar building, to carry out quality certification and the corresponding identification system certification, technical standard conscientiously and implement the construction field of China home solar photovoltaic applications, improve product quality; to be in combination with the local actual situation, as soon as possible coding technical standard system of solar photovoltaic products construction and installation; the photoelectric enterprises should also be formulation used in the construction field of the unit product enterprise standards, improve the application level.

　　5、加强对太阳能光电技术应用项目的质量安全管理。建立健全安全生产规程、规范，加强监督检查和指导，确保太阳能光电技术应用项目安全可靠地实施和运行。

5, strengthen quality safety management for optoelectronic technology application projects of solar energy. The establishment of sound safety rules, norms, and strengthen supervision and inspection and guidance, to ensure that the application of technology of photoelectric solar safe implementation and operation.

　　6、借鉴国外成功发展经验。如德国、日本光伏的发展都非常成功，其基本思路采用屋顶计划和并网发电的基本形式，将晶体硅太阳电池作为主导产品，政府的光伏发电补贴政策和银行贷款的激励机制成为发展的主要推动力。德国政府带头利用太阳能，像柏林火车站等许多公共设施与场所，大量采用光伏发电设备。

6, learn from foreign successful experience. As the development of German, Japanese PV are very successful, the basic idea of the basic form of roof plan and grid-connected power generation, the crystal silicon solar cells as the leading products, the government's incentive mechanism of photovoltaic subsidies and bank loans become the main driving force of development. The German government to take the lead in the use of solar energy, like the BolLin Railway Station and many other public facilities and places, extensive use of solar photovoltaic power generation equipment.

　　7、太阳能光伏建筑一体化逐步纳入建筑设计，融入建筑施工中。

7, building integrated photovoltaics gradually incorporated into building design, construction.

　　8、需要通过提升产业化规模降低成本，政府出台倾斜政策予以扶持，提高地方政府和房地产开发商的积极性。

8, the need to reduce costs through improving the scale of industrialization, the government introduced preferential policies to support, enhance the enthusiasm of local governments and real estate developers.

　　9、发展光伏发电学科的院校或培训试验中心等科研机构，培养产业发展需要的中高级光伏发电专业技术人才和管理人才。

University or training test center 9 scientific research institutes, the development of Photovoltaic Science, culture industry development needs of the advanced photovoltaic professional and technical personnel and management personnel.

　　六、太阳能光伏建筑一体化未来发展趋向

The future trend of development of six, solar photovoltaic building integration

　　太阳能建筑一体化发电技术智能化、与智能建筑融合；太阳能建筑一体化并网发电技术更加智能化、多元化，发电成本降低；太阳能一体化建筑标准成为主导光伏建筑设计的标准，而不是像现在这样依附于建筑标准。太阳能建筑一体化实现光伏组件与楼宇自动一体化，由白天发电、美化建筑原始功能，向夜间发光装饰建筑的多媒体化发展；实现建筑室内透光率的可变性，调节室内采光。

Intelligent building integrated solar power generation technology, and intelligent building integration of solar energy and building integration; grid-connected power generation technology is more intelligent, diversified, reduce the power generation cost; integration of solar energy building standard has become the leading photovoltaic building design standards, not like now so dependent on building standards. Photovoltaic components and building automatic realization of integration of solar building integration, by day, beautify the original function of power construction, multimedia development of decorative building to light at night; architecture variability interior light transmittance, adjust the indoor lighting.

　　太阳能光伏建筑一体化以其具有美观、绿色、环保、 节能的效果, 将现代建筑提供了一种全“零能房屋”理念，成为未来的持续绿色新能源发展方向，走入人们生活，为经济健康发展提高了持久动力。

Solar photovoltaic building integration which has beautiful, green, environmental protection, energy saving effect, the modern architecture provides a full " zero energy house " concept, become the future sustainable green new energy development direction, into people's lives, improve the lasting motive force for the healthy development of the economy.

本文来源：https://www.2haoxitong.net/k/doc/980399d976eeaeaad0f3300d.html