社会类作业
1. 翻译练习
V20150521 & 20170408 晚育的原因及其对社会和家庭的影响
In some countries around the world men and women are having babies late in life. What are the reasons? What are the effects on society and the family?
• 但是对社会而言，晚育会导致人口老龄化 (aging population)，增加医疗的需求和负担 (medical needs and costs)，出现劳动力不足的问题 (labor shortage)
In the view of society, having babies late will bring about some problems, such as aging population, medical needs and costs and labor shortage.
V20150530 国际旅游对国家产生负面影响的原因和解决方法
Many people believe that international tourism is negative to their countries. Why do they think so? What can be done to change the negative sides in international tourism?
• 为了解决该问题，当地人民和外国游客需要对彼此的文化有更好的理解和认知 （both visitors and local people should have a better understanding of the culture of each other）由此，双方更能意识到彼此的差异并能容他们的所犯的错误
To solve the problem efficiently, it is necessary for both residents and foreign visitors to have a better understanding of culture of each other, moreover, they will realize the difference and tolerate their faults each other.
V20170216 & 20141206 城市是否应该建高楼
Some people believe that the best city is a “vertical” city where people work and study in tall buildings. Some people believe a “horizontal” city is a better city where there are fewer tall buildings. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
• 城镇化，人口增加，土地资源有限，高层建筑 (high-rise building) 可以容纳更多居民 (accommodate more people)，缓解住房短缺 (alleviate housing shortage)
There are plenty of benefits for high-rise building to handle the problems caused by urbanization, population exploration and land shortage, such as accommodating more people and alleviating housing shortage.
V20170420 不断搬迁的原因和利弊
In the past, people used to live in the same place in their life. However, it is common that now people change their place there they live several times during their life. What are the reasons for the change? Is this a positive or negative development?
• 频繁的迁移(frequent migration)首先是因为人们经常换工作，新技术的出现(the emergence of new technologies)使人们可以不需要经过多年的培训(people can perform without having to go through many years of training)，在职业生涯的中途就可以换工作(switch their jobs halfway in their career)
Initially, it is the high frequency of changing jobs that makes frequent migration. People can perform without having to go through many years of training because of the emergence of new technologies. In addition, switching jobs halfway in career is not a matter anymore.
V20150110 是否同意年轻人当领导更好
Leaders and directors of organizations are often older people. But some people say that it is better to have younger people as leaders. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
• 富有激情，积极向上(being passionate and motivated)的特质使年轻人在承担风险和应对失败时更具优势，相比一成不变（falling into routines），他们更愿意迎接挑战。年长者更倾向于墨守成规（keep ideologism），遵循旧例，这在如今激烈的竞争(severe competition)中是不够的。
The young who are passionate and motivated have more advantages in assuming risk and facing failures. They prefer to trying the challenges rather than falling into routines, while the age intend to keep ideologism. However, nowadays, keeping the ideologism is not a good idea in the society filled with severe competition.
2. 课文背诵
C8 Task2 （建议全篇背诵）
Increasing the price of petroleum is the best way to solve traffic and pollution problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
必背下列段落：
While it is undeniable that private car use is one of the main causes of the increase in traffic and pollution, higher fuel costs are unlikely to limit the number of drivers for long.
But there are various other measures that could be implemented that would have a huge effect on these problems.
I think to tackle the problem of pollution, cleaner fuels need to be developed. The technology is already available to produce electric cars that would be both quieter and cleaner to use.
To do this, we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travellers. For example, if sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be dramatically reduced.
In conclusion, I think that long-term traffic and pollution reductions would depend on educating the public to use public transport more, and on governments using public money to construct and run efficient systems.
3. 限时40分钟完成一篇大作文
At the present time, the population of some countries includes a relatively large number of young adults, compared with the number of older people. Do the advantages of this situation outweigh the disadvantages?
In the contemporary society, there is a phenomenon that the population of the young generation is higher than that of the older people. The benefits of higher population of young people cover many areas, I confirmedly believe the advantages of this situation outweigh the drawbacks.
Admittedly, the situation, higher population of the young, will cause some problems. More young adults mean more pressure in seeking satisfied jobs, which may cause a series of relative problems. For instance, a graduated freshman is planning to find a job to cover the bill, while the enterprise prefers to employ the graduates with more comprehensive abilities when the job market can offer enough labour. At that time, a large number of young people face a significant dilemma that whether they need to find jobs they show little interest to make a living. Furthermore, if this situation cannot be softened, it will make a bad influence on the happiness of residents. Moreover, the social resources on housing and transportation may should be optimized reasonably. They are all challenges for government.
However, the advantages of more young adults can be clearly seen in many fields. They are more energetic, passionate than the other ages, which means the second and third industries can be developed rapidly. The resources on medical industry and welfare could be shortened largely, which put less pressure on government. What is more, as we all know, the young adults usually make more values, especially in stimulating the development of technology. For the developing countries, more young adults bring more opportunities to catch up with developed countries. For example, India has more resources on young adults who rocket the development of IT. In modern society, young people are always given more hope and responsibly, because they have more opportunities and energy to drive the process of history. Seen from long history, Einstein put forward his theory of relativity in his twenties and Newton built foundations of mechanics at a young age. We all say, the world is belonging to the young. As a matter of fact, the young are the motivators in advanced technology.
Overall, we should keep dialectical views on issues and the benefits outweigh the drawbacks largely in this situation.
总体写的越来越好了哦，就是这次可能会写的比较多，有的地方稍显拖沓，有点重复，可能因为第二段的时候举的例子比较多；
另外，这个题其实是需要把青年人和老年人进行的一些对比，虽然是以青年人为主要的，但是好像在你的文章中，所有涉及到老年人的都是以反例的方式去说的，我觉得用老年人说可能会更明显；
The bar chart describes the proportion for the health spending of GDP in five nations (Japan, Italy, France, Germany and USA) in 2002.
As can be clearly seen, in total health spending, USA was the top among five countries, reaching at 14%, while Japan was the bottom, 介词just 8%. The percentages of other three regions (Italy, France, Germany) were accounted for 9%, 11%, 12% respectively in total spending.
Moving to the public spending on health, the trend was similar to that of the total spending. The highest rate of the public health is USA, with 10% and the lowest percentage of the public health was belonging to Japan, 介词only 3%. The proportions of the public spending ranged from 5% to 9% among other countries.
According to the chart, we can clearly see that the percentages of the public spending were outnumbered that of the private spending except for the USA, who spent 12% GDP on the private health. However, the Japan and France spent least on private health, 介词 just 2% of GDP. The figures of Italy and Germany was same, 介词about 3%.
Overall, the health spending in USA was the highest, while Japan was the lowest. Besides, France and Germany stood at the same ranking.
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