GRE 背诵

A 因果 naturally, as a result, consequently, not surprisingly, quite understandably, predictably, presumably, contribute to, result in , the result can be identified in…, ascribe … to .., attribute … to…, derive from.., spring from, arise from,

B．递进 in addition to that, besides, apart from, let alone, not to mention, quite conscious of, moreover,

C 并列 Coupled with, combined with, going hand in hand with ，integrated with…, entwined with..,

D.转折 It is, however, nevertheless, in spite of , regardless of, unaware of，for all that …, heedless of .., nonetheless,

E：常见得分词汇替换表

We, everyone: any reasonable/sensitive soul/mind, talented minds, elite minds, versatile minds, personality, figures, celebrity, idiots, philosophic minds, genius More and more: increasingly,

Big: enormous, tremendous, gigantic, titanic, astronomical, vast, boundless,

Very: extremely, overwhelmingly, undeniably, remarkably, voluminously, excessively, exceedingly, tangibly, impressively, shockingly,

Famous: renowned, celebrated, accomplished, distinguished, prominent, eminent, outstanding, preeminent,

Good: spectacular, amazing, unbelievable, incredible, magnificent, adorable, fantastic, fascinating, admirable, respectable, cherishable, adorable, awesome, terrific, majestic,

Bad: nightmarish, disgusting, despicable, monstrous, appalling, abhorring, repelling, repulsive,

Important: significant, essential, basic, fundamental, indispensable, crucial, critical, decisive, determinant, dominant, predominant, infallible,

Say, Believe

think: suppose, hold, claim, maintain, presume, assume, contend, argue, declare, I am convinced, conclude,

Improve,

better: further, promote, enhance, reinforce, strengthen, consolidate, cement, nurture, relieve, recover,

Everyone knows: it’s a truth universally acknowledged that, It can never be denied, it is undeniable that It goes without saying that It is self evident that It is highly advisably, imperative, remarkable that It comforts one to know that…

F顶尖副词： Excessively, unbelievably, shockingly, reasonably, logically, tremendously, remarkably, noticeably, tangibly, perceptibly, hopefully, incredibly, amazingly, fundamentally, excessively, extremely, overwhelmingly, sharply, dramatically, drastically, justifiably, convincingly, ignorantly, fantastically, hardly, barely, sparsely, surprisingly, unexpectedly,

G. 列举事例段落常见的开头语：

重要的：important--- consequential，momentous，eminent，prominent，privotal， substantial， significant， curcial， essential， fundamental， vital，paramount， overriding， predominant， prevailing，preeminent， prevalent， supreme，

重要性： importance--essence， gist， magnitude，

不重要的： unimportant--marginal， peripheral，negligible， trifling， trivial，

许多 a lot of--manifold，abundant，ample，copious ，be fraught with，be replete with numerous, innumerable， myriad，a multitude of ，multitudes of，a myriad of， a deluge of ， a plethora of ，

困境 difficult situations-- deadlock， impasse， dilemma， predicament， mire， morass， labyrinth，

陷入-- reduce to， get bogged down， plunge into，

有益的 helpful--remedy， panacea， blessing，

有害的 harmful-- deleterious ， detrimental， noxious， virulent ， monstrous， murderous， epidemic， pandemic， plague，

9. 表示进步， 提高的动词 improve，ameliorate，enhance，upgrade，facilitate ， promote，

写作中第一反应词汇的替代词汇表

through——in term of/via operate——manipulate

offspring——descendant inevitable——dispensable

detail——specific explain——interpret

obvious——conspicuous hurt——vulnerable

use——employ/ utilize value——merit

provide——lend——offer true——accurate

leading to——contribute to/ conduce to/result in

more and more——increasing/growing

hardly——merely——barely

well-known——outstanding large——miraculous/marvelous although——albeit/notwithstanding in fact——actually/virtually want——intend to/tend to/be inclined to

because——in that may be——probably

to sum——to summarize/in conclusion

explain——interpret/illustrate change——alert

chance——alternative custom——convention/tradition

think——contemplate/muse/meditate/retrospect

arouse——ignite/stimulate/spur/motivate

limit——stress/hinder/hamper key——crucial/vital/consequential old——ancient emphasis——accentuate devote to——dedicate to

character——trait/individuality/idiosyncrasy/personality

expect——anticipate join——participate

Delegate-representative bias——prejudice/discriminate/tendency thrive-palm/flushing/prosperity

clash——conflict/collision/reencounter publicize——propagandize agree partly——agree with reserve

proper——apposite

want to——desire big city——metropolis

Lawmaking-------legislation first-----primarily

But-----nonetheless/nevertheless

Child-----juvenile

Absorb-----assimilate

hand in-----render

Undermine-----sap/enervate/debilitate

get into chaos-----with chaos ensuing

Key-----pivot/crux sway-----vacillate fanatic

Patriotism------jingoism/chauvinism

Persuasive-----thorough/sound/specific/convincing

Consider------take into account

Vague------gratuitous/unwarranted/oversimplified

good--- positive, favorable, rosy (美好的), promising(有希望的), pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior /splendid

bad--- dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill

many--- an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of ， some--- a slice of, quiet a few ,several

think--- take the attitude that ,hold the view that,it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that

thing--- affair, business, matter get many benefits

第一类：

巨大: big-colossal/ enormous/ immense/ gargantuan/ grandiose/ massive/ monolithic/ prodigious/ titanic/ tremendous

小的: small-diminutive/ miniature/ miniscule

快的(副词):fastly—by leaps and bounds

加强: strengthen-bolster/ buttress/ consolidate/ reinforce/ intensify/ fortify (可以用在argument)

强的: strong-brawny/ muscular/ sinewy/ impregnable/ invincible/ potent/ robust/ virile/ stalwart/ stout/ sturdy

强人: baron(巨头) magnate/ mogul

削弱: weaken-diminish / debilitate/ enervate/ sap/ undermine/perish/wane

弱的: weak—feeble/ decrepit/ frail/ flaccid/ impotent/ puny/ tenuous

重要的: important –consequential/ momentous/ eminent/ prominent/ pivotal/ substantial/ significant/ crucial/ essential/ fundamental

重要: importance—core/ hub/ essence/ gist/magnitude

（类似的）

居首位的: leading—foremost/ paramount/ overriding /predominant/ prevailing/ preeminent prevalent/ supreme

不重要的: unimportant—marginal/ peripheral/ negligible/ trifling/trivial

超过: surpass—eclipse/exceed/override/overwhelming/prevail/transcend/ be superior to/ outwit / outweigh / be inferior to（劣于）= be subordinate to

霸权: ascendancy/hegemony/supremacy

二

初始: beginning—debut/premiere/ prime/ genesis/ inception/ onset/ threshold/ lead off/ lead out (比to begin with好得多拉 )

(或者说什么的到来：advent of something)

初始的: beginning-- primitive//budding/ fledgling/ embryonic/（古老的意义解时archaic or antiquated or obsolescent or obsolete）

开始: begin/start—commence/ initiate/ embark/ inaugurate

开始：begin/start=undertake / embark upon

增长: grow—multiply/mushroom/proliferate/ sprout/accelerate/ burgeon(慢慢增长)

使其增长: increase--amplify/ magnify/ add-augment/ supplement

加重，升级 aggravate (恶化) / escalate/ exacerbate/ deteriorate/ impair

减少，减弱: decrease—abate/attenuate/ detract/ diminish/ slacken/curb/ curtail/ (number)pare/ prune/ slash/ trim/ whittle/

减轻decrease---allay/ assuage/ mollify/ soothe/mitigate/

变弱decrease—dwindle/ ebb/ subside/ wane/ weaken/ impair

上升: ascend—lift / surge/ rocket/ boast/ soar/ boom

达到顶峰 culminate 顶点: peak—acme/apex/ pinnacle/ climax/ apogee n.远地点/ zenith(nadir最低点 or abyss深渊) (zenith&nadir特别适合用在比喻 强调两者的区别大~两个词的来源大家可以查查~两个对比强烈哦 )

下降: descend/ plummet/ plunge/ slump/ tumble (fluctuate波动)

三

gather聚拢：accumulate/ amass/ assemble/ congregate/ garner/ glean/ muster/ rally(为反对或支持而召集)

group群组：battalion/ bevy/ cluster/ drove/ flock/ swarm/ throng

combination集合：assortment/ medley/ mosaic（马赛克）/ motley(五花八门：形容词也可以)

a lot of/ a great many of= manifold 许多 – abundant/ ample(充足) / copious(大量的)/ fraught with/ replete with/ numerous/ innumerable(不计其数)/ myriad 很多/ a multitude of/ multitudes of/ a myriad of 无数的人们/ limitless无限的/ a deluge of/ beaucoup <法> adj.非常多的

(很多同学都喜欢用~a lot of~a great number of~这里注意:numerous这里表达的不是无数很多那样~之表示一般的多~这一点从G猫老外改得一篇文章可以看到)

large quantity: 大量：avalanche/ spate(比喻意大量的某物) / exodus大量流出/ 大量流入influx/ multitude大量 / plethora 比喻意：大量/ profusion 丰富，繁多

拥有大量：boast/ abound / deluge(被大量的某物所淹没)/ teem到处

散开：spread- dispel(驱散)/ disperse/ disseminate

稀少的：scarce/ meager/ scant/ scanty/ skimpy/ sparse/ dearth

节俭的：frugal/ thrifty/ miserly/

富裕的：rich- affluent/ lavish/ luxurious/ opulent/ sumptuous/ palatial

浪费的：improvident/ prodigal son（浪荡子）=improvident/ profligate

贫困的：poor= destitute/ impoverished/ impecunious/ indigent (形容人)

四

困难的：difficult= arduous/ strenuous/ daunting/ formidable/ exacting/ insuperable/ impassable/ onerous（issue中大量存在"困难"的表达）

困境：(陷入困难的处境就是困难)difficult situations= deadlock/ impasse/ stalemate/ dilemma/ predicament/ quandary/ mire泥沼/ morass/ swamp/ quagmire/ standstill停止，僵局/ labyrinth迷宫(很好的比喻的说法~可以说什么问题把我们陷入了一个迷宫~僵局等~)

陷入：reduce/ get bogged down/ plunge into

复杂的：complicated/ intricate/ complex/(这里介绍一个很好的押韵的方法：complex and perplexed/ complicate and intricate or sophisticated用在表达困难的地方可以显示出词汇的完善更能有一种押运修辞的效果~读起来琅琅上口)

复杂的事情：imbroglio/ mesh/ tangle/ labyrinth迷宫= maze

卷入复杂的境地：involve= embroil/ ensnare/ entangle

从复杂境地脱身：escape= extricate

难以理解：abstruse/ recondite/ intricate/ arcane只有少数人可以理解=esoteric/ cryptic 简短却令人迷惑/ enigmatic 谜一般的 enigma 形容词形式/ inexplicable无法解释/ inscrutable无法捉摸=unfathomable/ mysterious/ supernatural/ mystical/ extraterrestrial

(这里的词很多都表示 难以理解~ 很多题目学习类~教育类~社会类~历史类~艺术类~只要表示某某问题把我们难倒了都可以用)

迷mystery-puzzle= enigma/ conundrum/ riddle/迷宫labyrinth/ maze

令人迷惑：puzzle = baffle/ befuddle/ bewilder/ confound/ mystify/ perplex

令人沮丧：depressed= with depression/ frustrating/ daunting/ dismal/

使可以理解：clarify= elucidate/ enlighten启迪教化/ explicate阐明/ expound on/upon /illuminate照亮说清楚

可以理解的：intelligible = explicit/ lucid

阻碍：hindrance名次= fetter/ shackle/ trammel枷锁桎梏/ onus负担重任

阻碍：动词hamper = encumber造成负担/ foil/ stymie/ thwart阻碍或者挫败工作完成/ handicap/ hinder/ impede/ retard

压制：smother/ stifle 令人窒息，压制约束 suppress/ pin down

协助促进：aid = facilitate/ foster/ nurture/ buttress/

五

著名的：famous = celebrated/ renowned/ reputed/ distinguished/ illustrious/ prestigious/ outstanding/ distinctive/ eminent/ notable/ noticeable/ striking/ remarkable/ preeminent

be famous for = take pride in

elite= meritocratic (meritocracy n.知识界精华)(用上的话超级有文采~嘻嘻)

有特色：feature = savor/ 因为什么而闻名可用famous一系列

臭名昭著：disreputable = infamous/ notorious/ nefarious因为极坏而臭名昭著

好的名声：reputation = esteem/ prestige

坏的名声：disgrace/ disrepute/ ignominy/ infamy/ odium/ opprobrium/ stigma 不好的声誉，耻辱。

尊重 名次：respect = reverence/ veneration/ homage

高尚的：noble = rarefied/ sublime/ lofty

不尊重 名次：disrespect = scorn蔑视

招人轻视的：contemptible = despicable

尊重：动词idolize/ worship/ lionize 对待名人一样的崇拜/ revere敬爱，敬畏

不尊重：动词 disrespect/ deride/ scoff嘲笑/ despise/ disdain/ slight/ snub

赞扬：名次praise= accolade赞美，奖项/ approbation/ encomium/ eulogy/ panegyric/ plaudit/ tribute/ tribute用来表示赞美的行为或者发言

赞美：动词praise = acclaim/ applaud/ hail欢呼/ commend/ extol/ laud高度的，常常带有美化成分的赞美

应该受到谴责的：形容词reprehensible

谴责：condemn= censure/ denounce/ reprimand/ decry/ deprecate/ deplore叹惋/ lament 叹惋 / remonstrate争辩，申辩

责备：admonish/ reproach/ reprove温和的责备

严厉责备：动词 berate/ castigate/ chastise/ chide/ excoriate/ inveigh/ rail/ revile/ upbraid

令人讨厌的事物：名次 anathema

谩骂的：abusive/ vituperative

六

有害的事物：harmful things=

contagion传染病瘟疫 epidemic/ pandemic也有流行的意思/pestilence/ plague

疾病：malady 瘴气：miasma比喻意为有害的气氛或者影响 灾患：scourge

不再害怕看到世界中心深处的毒气：unafraid to look deep into the miasma at the heart of the world.

有害的：harmful = deleterious/ detrimental/ noxious/ toxic/ virulent/ monstrous/ murderous

邪恶的：evil/ devil= cruel/ crude/ brutal/ wicked/ vicious/ malicious/ atrocious/ virulent/ venomous / sinister/ hafarious/ vicious/ pernicious/ destructive/ detrimental

致命的：fatal/ lethal前两个并非贬义/ pernicious极其有害的

有益的：形容词：hygienic/ sanitary 广义的卫生的/ salutary/wholesome有益身心的

有害的事物: bane致命的毒药 / blight植物的枯萎病/

损害：harm = blemish/ deface/ disfigure/ eviscerate/ impair减损/main mutilate毁伤肢体/ mar/spoil破坏 demolish

有益的事物：antidote 解毒药/ remedy药物：纠错/ panacea 万能良药 elixir 炼金药，万能药(有贬义含义)/ boon赐福blessing / tonic 补药

改善：improve = ameliorate/ amend/ 对法律的修改/ rectify/ redress/

毁坏，毁灭：destroy/ annihilate彻底消灭/ exterminate终结/ eliminate/ eradicate/ decimate/ demolish/ dismantle/ raze 彻底摧毁夷为平地/ devastate/ ravage/ wreck遭受重创，严重破坏/ obliterate擦去/ pulverize 磨成粉末状/ subvert 颠覆

可怕的：awful = horrible/ terrible/ tragic/ wretched / dire

复苏，复兴 动词：revive= rejuvenate/ resurrect/ resuscitate/ revive

动荡的，混乱的 形容词：tumultuous/ turbulent/

混乱：名词：chaos/ confusion/ disorder / mayhem/ disarray/ havoc大面积的破坏-混乱 pandemonium 撒旦居住的地方，比喻嘈杂，混乱的地方/ shambles废墟/ turmoil 混乱，动荡/ upheaval突发的巨变

灾难：calamity/ cataclysm/ catastrophe

危险 名词：danger/ hazard/ peril

危险的：hazardous/ perilous/ precarious/ treacherous

危及：动词 endanger/ compromise/ imperil/ jeopardize

保护：protect = safeguard

weal and woe 福祸

sum and subs tance 主要情况，要点（尤指讲话的主要部分）

forgive and forget 不念旧恶

wax and wane （月的）盈亏圆缺；盛衰

inferno 地狱，可与幸福生活形成强烈对比 the inferno of war

inky 用于个人在生活上或科研道路上的迷茫 the inky darkness of one’s pursuit of own destiny

promulgate 公布，颁布法令，新法律 promulgate a belief, and idea, a theory, etc the promulgation of a treaty

1 latency 如作者主张尚未表现出的危险或其主张的长远作用 latent---latent ability , a latent infection after a careful examination, it is no need to go too far to sense that the authors claim underlies a latency of peril to both personal and even societal degree./ lurks a latency of profound implication.

2 Connotation 内涵，言外之意――― Hollywood always holds connotation of romance and glittering success. 贬义词 derogatory connotation

3 Motivate / ignite 用于深究心理方面深层的原因，或者内因 be motivated by greed, fear, love a teacher who can motive her pupils

4 混乱turmoil uproar pandemonium chaos 5 Rote learning 死记硬背的方法

6 Reminisce 缅怀美好的往事 reminiscence 怀旧 reminiscence of my youth

7 Halcyon 太平盛世 halcyon times the halcyon days of youth

8 Quietude 平静寂静 equability 平和宁静

9 Equanimity 镇静 she maintained her equanimity throughout her long ordeal.

10 Impassivity 泰然自若

11 Equilibrium 平衡均势 disturb the equilibrium of the chains of natural environment.

12 Placidity 平静 the placidity of his temperament

Deformity 畸形，用于形容教育中重视一方面忽视另一方面

13 表示竞争极其后果的词 良性竞争 good-natures rivalry 恶性竞争、循环 vicious circle 憎恨 antipathy

Ethnocentrism 民主优越感 racialism racism 种族主义 nationalism 民族主义 chauvinism 沙文主义 patriotism atriotic 爱国主义

环境：

delicate balance upon which animals—including human—depend （ecosystem）生态平衡

the depletion of the atmospheric ozone 臭氧空洞

extinct species, serious pollution of water, excessive cutting of jungles and rainforests

consumption of the earth’s finite natural resources

社会问题

rely on labor force, equipment, and raw materials of developing countries 企业的需求

increased crime, unemployment, insurrection, hunger, plague, and so forth

vicious competition, vicious circle, monopoly 经济问题 恶性竞争，垄断

科技：

1. impact on daily life/ saturated every aspects in our daily routine 科技深入生活

2. we need to control the development and use of technological innovation so that they benefit all aspects of community 防止科技危害生活:

Although scientific discoveries and technological advances have produced tremendous improvement in the quality of human life, they also have negative consequences.

nuclear power, chemical plants, threaten our life

教育：

education always plays a key role in determining a person’s success 教育决定成功

we must be conscious of our obligations to help those who are truly infirm, aged or incapable of providing for themselves 公民的责任，帮助困难人员

教育的目的

the primary purpose for education is to transmit democratic values, innovative ideas and so that it can prepare new generations of citizens in society, rather than simply instilling information and knowledge.

领导教育 value the input of subordinates, by involving them in decisions about matters or strategies 接受下属意见

a leader’s effectiveness as a competitor is not necessarily inconsistent/ exclusive with his or her ability to cooperate with subordinates or competitors. 合作与竞争不矛盾

冷门热门学科

Students often fail to see the practicality of studying Shakespeare as preparation for a career in business

成功vs失败

success and failure are not opposites, they are both products of the same process

an activity which produces a hit also produce a miss

压力

economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, self-induced pressure

continuing controversy 长久未解决的问题

anything but决不是

run contrary to common sense and daily experience 与常理相悖

Any government, which is blind to this point, will pay a heavy price. 政府职责

spare no effort to 不遗余力

even if; even assuming 即使

常用难拼的学科及学家

anthropologist 人类, archeologist 考古, biochemist 生物化学, geologist 地质, linguist 语言, astronomer 天文, psychoanalyst 精神分析， philosopher 哲学家

法律上的争论

人流 abortion , 死刑 execution，安乐死 euthanasia hydra:海卓拉…九头妖

Individual with particular religious beliefs tend to view XXX allowing

The fairness of the law is subjective, depending largely on how one’s personal interests are affected by it.

Propensity for corruption

The aim of education

Education, or pedagogy, aims on to discover the unique of students and make sure all of them can achieve their own goal in spirit and mind. To fulfill them with basic knowledge and make them to be a respectable members and good human .

纯理论研究 pure theoretical field including mathematics and philosophy.

Counterproductive 事与愿违

Acuity and 前瞻去决定一些unexpected matters, even calamity

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