1.2 English around the world
单元检测卷（时间50分钟；满分100分）
班级_________________姓名_____________考号_________________得分_______________________
I 语言知识及应用 (共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。【北京市朝阳区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】
All Quiet in a Darkened Library
After my mother died, my father, who was 75 at the time, began to regularly visit the local library in Epping. He loved going there ___1___ he enjoyed reading different kinds of books, especially reading the newspapers on Saturdays. The library had a small area, where the soft carpet, folding chairs and lap desks ____2__ a comfortable space for independent reading. My dad would sit there for hours. This particular wintery Saturday, at about 12 noon, after being there for two hours, my dad ____3__ that it was very quiet and darker than usual. He looked around, realizing that all the staff had left and he had been ___4___ locked in.
My dad was a “panic merchant” at the best of times, so I can only ___5___ what he was like when this happened. The doors had been locked from the outside and he had no way __6____. He must have felt completely at a ___7___, since he didn’t know some ___8___ for handling this kind of crazy situation. My dad looked at the noticeboards to try to find a ___9___ phone number—a staff member or someone he could ring to help let him out—but without ___10___. So he rang the police station and they kindly got in touch with the head librarian.
The head librarian immediately rang my dad back at the library, and ___11___ that she would be soon there. She tried to ___12___ him and even explained how he could make a coffee if he wished. This was very nice, but my dad was in too much of a “___13___” to do so.
Thankfully, the head librarian arrived ___14___ the hour and let my dad out. She apologized for the ___15___ it had caused my father and sent my father back home in person. We were very grateful, since she could easily have been ___16___ at having to come back to work. The next day my dad seemed to ___17___ from this accident. He almost forgot all about the unpleasantness, and even found his experience quite __18____.
I guess the entire staff now makes extra sure that the library is ___19___ before they leave. What’s more, my dad has learned an important lesson by himself—never again became quite so ___20___ in his reading.385
1．A. as B. if C. till D. though
2．A. measured B. occupied C. replaced D. created
3．A. expected B. noticed C. admitted D. doubted
4．A. accidentally B. constantly C. properly D. illegally
5．A. acquire B. witness C. imagine D. explore
6．A. along B. back C. down D. out
7．A. failure B. loss C. risk D. distance
8．A. tips B. marks C. notes D. senses
9．A. convenient B. flexible C. relevant D. temporary
10．A. trouble B. effort C. permission D. success
11．A. promised B. informed C. assumed D. reminded
12．A. forgive B. comfort C. instruct D. persuade
13．A. result B. choice C. state D. trend
14．A. over B. near C. beyond D. within
15．A. conflict B. anxiety C. regret D. blame
16．A. ashamed B. confused C. annoyed D. pleased
17．A. recover B. reflect C. struggle D. suffer
18．A. satisfying B. amusing C. scaring D. astonishing
19．A. tidy B. open C. quiet D. empty
20．A. distributed B. blocked C. absorbed D. exposed
【答案】
1．A2．D3．B4．A5．C6．D7．B8．A9．C10．D11．A12．B13．C14．D15．B
16．C17．A18．B19．D20．C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了父亲由于读书专心，下班时被锁在图书馆，最后报警，图书馆长专门去给他开门的故事。
1．考查连词。A. as因为；B. if如果；C. till直到……为止；D. though虽然。父亲喜欢去图书馆，因为他喜欢看各种各样的书，尤其是星期六去看报纸。表示原因，故选A.
2．考查动词。A. measured测量；B. occupied占有；C. replaced取代；D. created创造。图书馆有一个小区域，柔软的地毯、折叠椅和写字台为独立阅读创造了一个舒适的空间。指创造了空间，故选D.
3．考查动词。A. expected盼望；B. noticed注意；C. admitted承认；D. doubted怀疑。父亲在那里呆了两个小时后，注意到这里比平时安静，也比平时暗。表示“注意到”，故选B.
4．考查副词。A. accidentally意外地；B. constantly不断地；C. properly适当地；D. illegally非法地。父亲环顾四周，意识到所有员工都离开了，他被意外地锁在里面。根据句意选A.
7．考查名词。A. failure失败；B. loss损失；C. risk冒险；D. distance距离。因为父亲出不去，所以他当时很慌乱，不知所措。at a loss“不知所措”，故选B.
8．考查名词。A. tips技巧；B. marks标记；C. notes注释；D. senses判断力。因为他不知道有什么技巧能处理这种特殊情况，指解决事情的方法技巧，故选A.
9．考查形容词。A. convenient方便的；B. flexible灵活的；C. relevant相关的；D. temporary临时的。父亲想在通知栏中找相关的电话号码，指图书馆的号码，故选C.
10．考查名词。A. trouble麻烦；B. effort努力；C. permission允许；D. success成功。父亲想找相关的电话号码，根据but可知他没有成功，下文he rang the police station也给了提示，故选D.
11．考查动词。A. promised答应；B. informed通知；C. assumed假定；D. reminded提醒。图书馆长立刻给我爸爸回了个电话，答应她马上就到。根据情境选A.
12．考查动词。A. forgive原谅；B. comfort安慰；C. instruct指导；D. persuade说服。图书馆长努力安慰我父亲，甚至向他解释如果他愿意，怎么能煮咖啡。指安慰慌乱的父亲，故选B.
13．考查名词。A. result结果；B. choice选择；C. state情形，状态；D. trend趋势。当时父亲状态太糟了不那样做，表示“状态”，故选C.
14．考查介词。A. over在……之上；B. near在……附近；C. beyond超过；D. within在……之内。此处指图书馆长及时赶到，在1小时内到达。故选D.
15．考查名词。A. conflict冲突；B. anxiety焦虑；C. regret遗憾；D. blame责备。她因此事给父亲带来的焦虑道歉，指上文父亲的慌乱，故选B.
16．考查形容词。A. ashamed惭愧的；B. confused困惑的；C. annoyed恼怒的；D. pleased愉快的。我们非常感激，因为让她返回图书馆她可能容易恼怒的。因为这是工作时间外发生的事，故选C.
17．考查动词。A. recover恢复；B. reflect反映；C. struggle奋斗；D. suffer遭受。第二天父亲似乎从这件事中恢复了过来，故选A.
20．考查形容词。A. distributed分散的；B. blocked阻塞的；C. absorbed全神贯注的；D. exposed暴露的。父亲自己从这件事上也学到了重要的一课——他再也不会如此全神贯注阅读了。故选C.
【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。小题6门是从外面锁着的，他没办法出来。下文ring to help let him out,和let my dad out.也给了提示，根据常识选out.小题10父亲想找相关的电话号码，根据but可知他没有成功，下文he rang the police station也给了提示。
第二节 语法填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
【广东省肇庆市2018届高三毕业班第二次统一检测】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was 1978，I was 10 years old and lived in Calcutta, a city of East India with my family. I could not forget ___21___ year as this city faced a disaster. A heavy flood in Gangers river prevented the people ___22___ (live) the normal city life.
At that time, our school remained closed. One of school friends Sandhya used to stay in Subhas Nagar, ___23___ was situated in a little ___24___ (low) area across the railway line. The area ____25____ (cover) with water, just then my friend’s grandfather became sick. The outer city connection with this area was cut____26____, so my friend’s father crossed the watery path with the help of bamboo based boat in order to call a doctor. Going out to attend hospital ___27___ (be) impossible for the aged grandfather, because it rained heavily and ____28____end), and no doctor dared to visit the area at that moment. Finally my friend’s father built a tent typed shade on the boat and ____29____ (take) my friend’s grandfather to the hospital.
If we are determined and have great confidence in our ___30___（able）, we can overcome any obstacle to reach our goals.
【答案】21. the
22. living 23. which
24. lower 25. was covered
26. off 27. was
28. endlessly
29. took 30. abilities
【解析】本文叙述的是1978年在印度东部的城市Calcutta发生的一次灾难——洪水泛滥。
26. 句意：外面与这个地区的联系被切断了。cut off切断，根据句意可知答案为off。
27. 动名词作主语后面的谓语动词用单数形式，句子是一般过去时态，故答案为was。
28. 句意：因为大雨在无休止地下着，医生不敢来这个地区。副词修饰动词，根据句意可知答案为endlessly。
29. 句意：最后我朋友的父亲在船上建了一个帐篷类型的阴凉并带我朋友的爷爷去医院。根据句意可知此处是and连接的并列谓语，句子用一般过去时态，答案为took。
30. 句意：如果我们有决心并对自己的能力充满信心，我们可以克服任何障碍,达到我们的目标。our是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，根据句意可知用名词复数形式，故答案为abilities。
II阅读 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 阅读理解 (共1小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
【广东省肇庆市2018届高三毕业班第二次统一检测】
Yuletide (圣诞节) Brunch With Dickens
Thursday, December 8, 10:00 am ~ 1:00pm
Join us for a special brunch featuring delicious foods free from much salt and fat, soft beverages, and a special appearance of Gerald Charles Dickens! Reservations and advance payment are required. $30 per person. More information can be found by calling 800-448-3883.
Yuletide Brunch With Santa
December 17 & 18, 9:00 am ~ 2:00 pm
Santa will appear in the morning. $35 per person. Children, ages 2 to 12, half off; children under 2 are free. Members receive 10% discount on parties of up to four. For reservations, call 302-888-4826.
About Glass Matters Wine Seminar and Tasting
Hosted by Riedel, the wine glass company
Wednesday, December 14, 6:30 pm ~ 7:30 pm, Brown Horticulture Learning Center
Join us for a unique and fascinating wine seminar featuring Riedel crystal and delicious wine. Our speaker will demonstrate how the shape of the glass influences our enjoyment of the wine. Price includes comparative tasting of four different wines and four crystal glasses from Riedel’s Veritas Collection to take home (a retail value of $138). The option to purchase more wine glasses sets at special pricing: $80 per member; $90 per nonmember. Purchase tickets online or by calling 800-484-3283. Tickets to this event include admission to Yuletide Jazz & Wine in the Galleries Reception Atrium on that evening.
31. Which phone number could people ring if they want to enjoy some healthy food?
A. 800-448-3883 B. 302-888-4826
C. 800-484-3283 D. 800-888-4826
32. When will people meet Santa when attending Yuletide Brunch With Santa?
A. December 17, 8:00 am. B. December 18, 1:00 pm.
C. December 17, 1:00 pm. D. December 18, 10:00 am.
33. What can people do when attending About Glass Matters Wine Seminar and Tasting?
A. Enjoy the performance of Santa.
B. Taste all kinds of different wines.
C. Appreciate Gerald Charles Dickens.
D. Learn how glasses influence the taste of the wine.
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. D
【解析】本文介绍圣诞前夕的几个活动。
33. D细节理解题。根据最后一段中Our speaker will demonstrate how the shape of the glass influences our enjoyment of the wine.可知，人们参加About Glass Matters Wine Seminar and Tasting的时候要学习杯子如何影响酒的味道。故选D。
B
【北京市朝阳区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】
Dear Koko,
I’ve learned about you from my amazing teacher. I think it’s fun that you can communicate with us humans by using the sign language. I’ve spent a lot of time watching you in different videos and love you from the bottom of my heart.
It’s heartbreaking to learn about all of the cruel things done to gorillas (大猩猩). In Africa, for example, the killers use guns to kill your fellows for meat. They don’t understand the influence their actions are having on gorillas. Another thing is the loss of gorillas’ natural home, which is caused by the improved infrastructure such as building roads and airports. When we cut down trees, you become homeless. We take away your shelter and sources of food, leaving you with very little chance of survival.
Some of my classmates are writing to the relevant departments about these serious problems. Hopefully these letters will make a difference during your lifetime. Over the past three months, my class has been researching on gorillas, and I’ve learned so many things. For example, I’ve learned that you have a lot of feelings similar to mine and you are always so careful with everything you do. I think that you are really worth saving.
We’ve come up with many ideas to help you and your fellows. One of the best ideas is to communicate with the President of the World Bank and have him give more financial support to the organizations for gorillas. Another idea is to make public laws on the killers. I also think we need to keep educating people about gorillas.
I love writing to you and hope you can understand how important you’ve become to our class. Would it be too much to ask for a return letter?
Mike
34．According to the passage, Koko is probably ______.
A. a killer of gorillas B. a member of the gorilla family
C. an expert on gorillas D. a governor in charge of gorillas
35．What is mainly talked about in the second paragraph?
A. The problems gorillas face at present. B. The danger gorillas cause for humans.
C. The unique characteristic gorillas have. D. The natural environment gorillas live in.
36．The author suggests that ______.
A. gorillas should be protected in nature reserves
B. killers for gorillas should be legally responsible
C. organizations should be set up to protect gorillas
D. people should make donations to gorilla protection
【答案】
34．B35．A36．B
35．主旨大意题。根据第二段all of the cruel things done to gorillas. the killers use guns to kill your fellows for meat. Another thing is the loss of gorillas’ natural home等信息可知本段主要是描述了大猩猩当前被捕杀和家园被破坏的不幸遭遇，故选A.
C
【广东七校联合体2018届高三第二次联考试】D
New mercury(汞) threat to oceans from climate change
Rising temperatures could boost mercury levels in fish by up to seven times the current rates, said Swedish researchers in an article published in Science Journal. They’ve discovered warming increases levels of the toxin (毒素) in sea creatures. In experiments, they found that extra rainfall drives up the amount of organic material flowing into the seas. This alters the food chain, adding another layer of complex organisms which boosts the concentrations of mercury up the line.
Mercury is one of the world’s most toxic metals, and according to the World Health Organization, is one of the top ten threats to public health. The substance at high levels has been linked to damage to the nervous system, paralysis and mental impairment in children.
The most common form of exposure to mercury is by eating fish containing methylmercury(甲基水银), an organic form of the chemical which forms when bacteria react with mercury in water, soil or plants. Levels of mercury in the world’s ecosystems have increased by between 200% and 500%, since the industrial revolution, say experts, driven up by the use of fossil fuels such as coal.
In recent years there have been concentrated efforts to limit the amount of mercury entering the environment, with an international treaty, called the Minamata Convention, signed by 136 countries in place since 2013.
Researchers hope that the Minamata treaty will be successful and countries reduce the amount of mercury that is being produced. Otherwise this discovery of a previously unknown source could have impacts for human health.
Other researchers in the field say that the new study highlights important issues that have previously been little known.
“This work experimentally proves that climate change will have a significant effect of methylmercury budgets in coastal waters and its accumulation in fish,” said Milena Horvat from the Jozef Stefan Institute in Slovenia.
“This work will also help us understand the formation of mercury in fish and help reduce mercury from emission sources (primarily industrial).”
37. Where did Swedish researchers find warming increases levels of the toxin?
A. In the Pacific Ocean. B. On the Continent.
C. In Red Sea. D. In sea creatures.
38. What can cause damage to the nervous system?
A. Exposure to mercury. B. Mercury at high levels.
C. Methylmercury. D. The use of fossil fuels.
39. How does methylmercury form?
A. By limiting the amount of mercury entering the environment.
B. By reducing the amount of mercury.
C. When bacteria react with mercury in water, soil or plants.
D. When climate change returns to normal.
40. What can we know from Milena Horvat’s words?
A. Climate change will increase the levels of mercury in food.
B. Levels of mercury in the world’s ecosystems have increased by between 200% and 500%.
C. The Minamata Convention has been signed by 136 countries in place since 2013.
D. Mercury reduction from emission sources can be beneficial to fish.
【解析】本文主要讲了气候变化造成汞含量的增加，这对海洋造成了巨大的威胁。
37. 细节理解题。根据They’ve discovered warming increases levels of the toxin (毒素) in sea creatures. 可知瑞典研究人员在海洋生物身上发现气温变暖造成了毒素的增加。所以选D。
39. 细节理解题。根据The most common form of exposure to mercury is by eating fish containing methylmercury(甲基水银), an organic form of the chemical which forms when bacteria react with mercury in water, soil or plants. 可知细菌同水、土壤或是植物中的汞反应，形成了甲基水银，所以选C。
40. 细节理解题。根据“This work experimentally proves that climate change will have a significant effect of methylmercury budgets in coastal waters and its accumulation in fish,” said Milena Horvat from the Jozef Stefan Institute in Slovenia.可知排放源中汞含量的减少对鱼类有益处，所以选D。
第二节 阅读填空 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
【北京市朝阳区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多于选项。
Rich and Famous
Twenty years ago the most common ambition of American children was to be a teacher, followed by working in banking and finance, and then medicine. But today’s situation is quite different. 41． Instead they most commonly say they want to be a sports star, a pop star, or an actor—in other words, they hope to become a celebrity (名人).
According to experts, young people desire these jobs largely because of the wealth and the fame. 42． Let’s take athletes and singers as an example. Their careers are short-lived. Many athletes’ best time only lasts a few years and singers can have a very limited career. The field that was once the focus of their lives becomes something they have little or no involvement in. As a result, they’ll have a feeling of worthlessness and a lack of control. 43． The truth is quite simple: they have been so far removed from it for so long.
In spite of these disadvantages, there is greater ambition than ever among young people to achieve that status. They are not satisfied just making a living—they want to be rich and famous. Globally, more and more TV shows provide talent competitions where winners can achieve their goals in just a few weeks or months. 44． They unrealistically believe that this lifestyle is easily obtained and leads to great satisfaction.
While many people argue that there is nothing wrong with having such ambitions, others feel that this trend will finally lead to dissatisfaction as more and more people are unable to reach their goals. 45． That means they ignore the simple fact that great effort is needed before success. As a result, many people won’t realize their childhood dreams, which could have a negative effect on their happiness.
A. The younger generation don’t favor these professions any more.
B. In many ways this has been brought about by the celebrity culture.
C. Unfortunately, they do not always have a positive effect on people’s life.
D. Besides, it can be difficult for them to adapt back to a normal everyday life.
E. People no longer have a sense of satisfaction once their goals have been achieved.
F. This quick way of gaining wealth and fame creates a celebrity culture among people.
G. The reason is that they don’t realize it takes talent and hard work to be rich and famous.
【答案】
41．A42．C43．D44．F45．G
【解析】本文讲述了现在美国儿童心目中向往职业的变化过程，变化原因和其现实性。
41．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上句讲述了20年前美国儿童心目中向往的职业，下句讲述他们现在的梦想。中间表示转折，A项：年轻一代不再喜欢这些职业了，表达了此意，故选A.
44．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段分析了年轻人想拥有财富和名望想法的原因及结果，F项：这种快速获取财富和名声的方式在人们中间创造了一种名人文化，符合本段内容，故选F.
45．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段分析了这种愿望的不现实性，及可能会对他们的幸福产生负面影响。G项：原因是他们没有意识到，要想变得富有和出名，需要天赋和勤奋，是成功的真正原因，符合本段内容，故选G.
III 写作 (满分25分)
【安徽省江淮十校2018届高三第二次联考】书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，已高中毕业20年，今日从报纸上获悉母校将要举行100周年校庆，你将要给你远在美国的高中同桌Peter发一封100词左右的电子邮件，相约一起回母校参加活动，要点如下：
1.问候昔日同桌，回忆同学友情；
2.校庆活动介绍；
3.捐设奖学金。
参考词汇：百年校庆100th anniversary celebration; 奖学金scholarship
Dear Peter,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
How is everything going recently? I’m writing to invite you to go back to our senior high school to celebrate her 100th anniversary. It has been 20 years since we graduated from high school. Do you still remember the days we spent studying and playing together? Till now, these memories remain fresh.
As I know, the celebration will last for 3 days from October 1st to October 3rd. Schoolmates will gather to meet their old friends. An evening party will be held to feast people’s eyes. At the party, folk songs will be performed, poem recitation and students’ group dance included. When we meet, I suppose money should be raised to set up a scholarship which is used to provide financial support for the students from rural areas. What do you think about it?
I am looking forward to your early coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
【亮点说明】
本文是一封电子邮件，格式正确，内容符合要求，语句精炼，句子衔接紧密，文中使用高级句子。It has been 20 years since we graduated from high school. since的固定句式；Do you still remember the days we spent studying and playing together?问句的巧妙之处还运用了定语从句；As I know, the celebration will last for 3 days from October 1st to October 3rd.as引导非限制性定语从句；An evening party will be held to feast people’s eyes.一般将来时态的被动语态用在句中；When we meet, I suppose money should be raised to set up a scholarship which is used to provide financial support for the students from rural areas.when引导的时间状语从句和which的定语从句完美结合于句中。
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