语言知识运用（八）
1.完形填空
Not so long ago, a terrible fire broke out in an apartment in the city of Pitesti, just west of Bucharest. In no time, __1__were welcomed by 5metertall flames and roaring smoke. __2__ , using their advanced equipment, they quickly brought the beast under __3__ .
The apartment's owner Mr Petri and his lovely dog, Sandy, were the __4__of the big fire. Local firefighting hero, Costache Mugurel __5__ his way through the cruel flames to rescue the man and his pet. Mr Petri, __6__injured in the fire, was rushed to hospital. Sandy fell over __7__ breathing in too much smoke and lifelessly lay on the roadside.
Mugurel, remembering his CPR (心肺复苏术) training, passionately __8__the chest of the dog, desperately trying to __9__his life. And he began to lose hope after many __10__ . He was physically and mentally __11__ . Finally he performed mouthtomouth on the dog, screaming “__12__gets left behind！” Unexpectedly the dog __13__ himself and began panting (喘气). The onlooking crowd cheered and Mugurel began to weep with __14__ . He hurriedly carried him to the awaiting vet (兽医)．
Like __15__ , the story of Mugurel and his newfound friend spread around the city. His Facebook was __16__words of gratitude, loving emoticons (表情符号) and notes from friends and fans alike.
According to vet experts, recovering animals via CPR is rather __17__ . The American Heart Association calculates that only less than 6 percent of cats and dogs survive if they __18__heart attacks.
There have been many stories related to __19__in Pitesti, but none have caught the __20__of the population quite like Sandy's.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。不久之前，皮特什蒂发生了一次大火灾，在这次火灾中房主和他的宠物狗桑迪受了伤，穆古雷尔对昏迷的桑迪进行了心脏按压、人工呼吸，最终把它从死亡的边缘救回。这件事情感动了无数人。
1．A.firefighters B．policemen
C．friends D．neighbors
答案：A 根据下文的“using their advanced equipment, they quickly brought the beast under __3__”可知，他们利用先进的设备很快把火势控制住了。故此处指消防员，故选A。
2．A.Therefore B．Besides
C．However D．Moreover
答案：C 上文提到消防员立刻被5米高的大火和浓烟包围，而设空后则说利用先进设备控制了火势，由此可知，上下文是转折关系。therefore “因此”；besides “此外；而且”；however “然而”；moreover “此外”。故选C。
3．A.treatment B．control
C．stress D．way
答案：B 此处指消防员利用先进的设备将火势控制住了。under control是固定搭配，意为“得到控制”，符合语境。故选B。
4．A.causes B．results
C．victims D．heroes
答案：C 根据第6空后的“injured in the fire”可知，彼得里先生在大火中受了重伤，故他和他的宠物狗是这场大火的受害者(victims)。cause “原因；理由”；result “结果”；hero “英雄”。故选C。
5．A.battled B．lost
C．pushed D．got
答案：A 根据设空后的“cruel flames”可知，火势凶猛，因此消防员是冒着极大的风险冲进火海的。battle one's way “一路奋战”；lose one's way “迷路”；push one's way “硬挤过去”；get one's way “为所欲为”。故选A。
6．A.blindly B．hardly
C．slightly D．seriously
答案：D 根据设空后的“was rushed to hospital”以及他的宠物躺在路边没有了生命迹象可以推测，男主人受伤严重。blindly “盲目地”；hardly “几乎不”；slightly “轻微地”；seriously “严重地”。故选D。
7．A.after B．before
C．in spite of D．in case of
答案：A “fell over”发生在“breathing in too much smoke”之后，即吸入了太多的烟之后倒地。after意为“在……之后”，符合语境。故选A项。before “在……之前”；in spite of “尽管”；in case of “要是……”。
8．A.patted B．beat
C．examined D．touched
答案：B 根据“remembering his CPR (心肺复苏术) training”可知，他要给狗狗做心脏复苏，因此要拍打它的胸部。pat “轻拍”；beat “敲击”；examine “检查”；touch “接触；触摸”。故选B。
9．A.care about B．take away
C．save D．stop
答案：C 根据下文中提到的消防员为了抢救狗而对它进行人工呼吸可知，消防员迫切地要挽救狗的生命。care about “关心”；take away “拿走”；save “挽救”；stop “停止”。故选C。
10．A.beatings B．trainings
C．shouts D．attempts
答案：D 根据上文他给狗狗进行心脏复苏可知，消防员为救宠物狗进行了多次尝试(attempts)。beating “痛打”；training “训练；培训”；shout “叫喊”。故选D。
11．A.relaxed B．exhausted
C．concerned D．troubled
答案：B 多次尝试之后，他身心俱疲。relaxed “放松的”；exhausted “疲惫的”；concerned “关心的”；troubled “忧虑的；苦恼的”。故选B。
12．A.Somebody B．Everybody
C．Nobody D．Anybody
答案：C 消防员对宠物狗进行人工呼吸是因为不想放弃它的生命，因此他喊道：“一个都不能落下！”。故选C。
13．A.came up B．came over
C．came out D．came to
答案：D 根据设空后的“began panting (喘气)”可知，狗此时苏醒过来了。come up “走近；被提到；被想起”；come over “来访；拜访”；come out “泄露；发行”；come to oneself “(昏迷后)醒来；恢复知觉”。故选D。
14．A.joy B．pity
C．stress D．fright
答案：A 经过多次尝试，狗终于醒过来了，人们欢呼雀跃，消防员应该是喜极而泣。故选A。
15．A.wildfire B．wind
C．disasters D．sounds
答案：A 消防员和这条狗的故事很快传遍了全城，就像野火一样。wildfire “野火”；wind “风”；disaster “灾难”；sound “声音”。spread like wildfire为固定短语，生动地描述消息传播之快，因此A最符合语境。
16．A.informed of B．linked with
C．reminded of D．flooded with
答案：D 根据设空后的“words of gratitude, loving emoticons (表情符号) and notes from ...”可知，这件事传遍全城后，穆古雷尔的脸书上满是感激的话语、可爱的表情符号和朋友及粉丝的留言。be informed of “被告知”；be linked with “与……有关”；be reminded of “被提醒”；be flooded with “充满”。故选D。
17．A.common B．rare
C．practical D．easy
答案：B 狗通过心肺复苏术能活下来是相当少见的，因为据统计只有不到6%的宠物在患心脏病之后能活下来。common “常见的”；rare “罕见的”；practical “实际的”；easy “容易的”。故选B。
18．A.cure B．avoid
C．miss D．suffer
答案：D 根据设空前的“survive”及空后的“heart attacks”可知，此处指患有心脏病。cure “治愈”；avoid “避免”；miss “错过”；suffer “患(病)”。根据语境可知选D。
19．A.fires B．vets
C．dogs D．accidents
答案：C 与最后的“like Sandy's”相照应，此处指有很多关于狗的故事，但是没有一个像桑迪的故事这样吸引公众的注意力。故选C。
20．A.attention B．meaning
C．breath D．heart
答案：A 上文提到了消防员和狗的故事迅速传遍全城，由此可知，这只狗的故事吸引了公众的注意力。catch one's attention是固定搭配，意为“吸引某人的注意力”。故选A。
2. 语法填空
(2017年哈三中三模)
Nobody wants to be aged, but 1.________ it comes to visiting cities, most of us want to visit the world's oldest cities.Luoyang is one of the oldest and most 2.________ (attract) cities in the world that I'd like to recommend to you.
Luoyang stands out 3.________ the oldest continually inhabited (持续居住的) city in Asia.The city is considered to be 4.________ birthplace of Chinese culture and history as well as being one of the Seven Ancient Capitals of China.There 5.________ (be) no other city in China that has seen so many 6.________ (dynasty) like Luoyang.
With such a long and exciting history, Luoyang has really a lot 7.________ (offer)．The Longmen Grottoes (龙门石窟), which 8.________ (include) in the World Heritage List since 2000, and many historic Buddhist temples 9.________ (constant) attract tourists from all over the world.Luoyang is also famous for the White Horse Temple, the earliest Buddhist temple 10.________ (establish) in China.Are you anxious to visit the city?
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了古城洛阳。
1．when 句型when it comes to...意为“当谈到……；当提及……”。
2．attractive 本句由and连接两个形容词的最高级，前一个是oldest，后一个是由most修饰的形容词，故填attractive。
3．as 这里是“作为”的意思。
4．the birthplace后有一个由of做定语的结构，其前要用表示限定的冠词。
5．is 本句的主语是后面的“no other city”，故谓语用单数形式，又全文是一般现在时，故填is。
6．dynasties 前面的many要修饰可数名词的复数形式。
7．to offer 不定式做定语表示“有很多可以提供”。
8．has been included which指代前面的“the Longmen Grottoes”，龙门石窟“被包括”在世界遗产名录中，应用被动。时间状语是since 2000，要用现在完成时。
9．constantly 副词修饰动词attract。
10．established 过去分词做定语，修饰前面的名词temple，表被动。
3. 语法填空
This summer I travelled from noisy Beijing to Wuzhen, a beautiful village in Zhejiang Province. Unfolded before me was __1__ unique image of this water country — the stone bridge and the water flowing, all like fairy tales to me.
However, __2__ impressed me most was not the natural scenery but the scene of a grandma bathing a little baby in a wooden basin with the door open. My friends couldn't help __3__ (take) pictures of them. To my surprise, the grandma smiled and waved at us. All of a sudden, my heart was filled with __4__ (warm)．
I shared the photo and my __5__ (forget) experience with my friends. They were __6__ (simple) moved as I was, but at the same time they reminded me of the unpleasant experiences in big cities. We feel embarrassed to see people quarrelling in public because they __7__ (step) on accidentally by strangers.
According to a recent survey __8__ (make) in November 2016: 45 percent of the residents don't know the names of their neighbors; 63 percent have never devoted __9__ (they) to talking to their neighbors; 67 percent think that the relationship between them and their neighbors is just soso, or even bad.
Wouldn't it be beautiful to say hello to our neighbors who just came back __10__ work and give them a smile?
1．a image是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，且unique的读音不是以元音音素开头的，故用不定冠词a。
2．what what引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示物的概念。
3．taking 固定词组搭配：can't help doing sth.意为“情不自禁做某事”，符合语境，故用动名词作宾语。
4．warmth 介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用名词warmth作介词with的宾语。
5．unforgettable 修饰名词的词一般为形容词，且此处与第二段呼应，作者和朋友们分享的是难忘的经历，故用形容词unforgettable修饰名词experience，在句子中作定语。
6．simply 修饰动词的词一般为副词，故用副词simply在句子中作状语。
7．are stepped 根据语境中by的提示可知，此处表示被动概念，且由句中feel的时态可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态，即are stepped。
8．made make和句子谓语之间没有连词，且和其逻辑主语survey之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
9．themselves 根据语境可知，此处用反身代词themselves作宾语。
10．from 根据语境可知，此处表示下班后回来，故用介词from。
4. 短文改错
(2017年福州高三5月质检)
Dear Ben，
As graduation is draw near, I'd like to express my sincere gratitude to you for your kind.
In the last three years, you had shared my joys and sorrows, making my school life unforgettable.I remember very much that you sent me to hospital when I had my left leg break.During the days when I had to stay in the bed, you comforted me and helped me my lessons.It is your friendship which fills my life with sunshine.I hope my friendship will last forever and I also hope all your dreams will come truly in the future.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
第一处：draw→drawing。毕业“正在”临近，用进行时。
第二处：kind→kindness。在形容词性物主代词your后用名词。
第三处：had→have。“In the last three years”是现在完成时的时间状语。
第四处：much→well。从上下文看，我对这件事记得“很好，很牢”，而不是“很多”。
第五处：break→broken。做“my leg”的宾语补足语，与之是被动关系，要用过去分词。
第六处：去掉bed前的the。stay in bed是固定搭配，表示“卧床”。
第七处：my lessons前加with。这是“help sb.with sth.”的结构。
第八处：which→that。这是一个强调句。
第九处：my→our。是“我们”之间的友谊，而不是“我的”友谊。
第十处：truly→true。come在这里是系动词，后接形容词做表语。同时，“梦想成真”也是一个固定用法，即“the dream will come true”。
5. 短文改错
The incident had happened on my way to a bookstore on the rainy Sunday afternoon. I was waiting for the green light when a girl about ten was knocked down by a passing car, that drove off quickly. A man immediately rushed to the girl to give him first aid. I joined in without any hesitate. A young woman called 110 and the polices soon arrived on the scene. Fortunate she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital. Comparing with the escaped driver, I am proud of that I did.
答案：
The incident happened on my way to a bookstore on
rainy Sunday afternoon. I was waiting for the green light when a girl
about ten was knocked down by a passing car,
drove off quickly. A man immediately rushed to the girl to give
first aid. I joined in without any
. A young woman called 110 and the
soon arrived on the scene.
she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital.
with the escaped driver, I am proud of
I did.
1．去掉had 考查动词的时态。此处叙述发生在过去的事情，故改为一般过去时。
2．the→a 考查冠词。此处应用不定冠词a，泛指某一个下雨的周日下午。
3．about前加of 考查介词。此处表示“一个大约十岁的女孩”，故在about前加of。
4．that→which 考查定语从句的引导词。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，补充说明主句中的“a passing car”，关系词在从句中作主语，故改that为which。
5．him→her 考查代词。根据语境可知，此处是指上文提到的被车撞倒的小姑娘，故改为代词her。
6．hesitate→hesitation 考查名词。根据空前的without any可知，此处应用名词作宾语，故将hesitate改为hesitation。
7．polices→police 考查名词。the police表示“警察”，是表示复数意义的集体名词。
8．Fortunate→Fortunately 考查副词。副词修饰整个句子，描述这位小姑娘的境况。故改为副词Fortunately。
9．Comparing→Compared 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，compare和句子主语I构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故改为过去分词作状语。
10．that→what 考查宾语从句的连接词。what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示“所……的事情”；that在宾语从句中没有语义，不作成分，故将that改为what。
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