Presenting a speech
（做演讲）
Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. [Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events].
在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识，传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。——语序的调整。
Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately.
好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。
Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?” Choose words that are precise and accurate.
演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。
Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter].
用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。
Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an implicit comparison between things that are different yet have something in common; it does not contain the words “like” or “as”.
生动地用词能让演讲鲜活起来！比喻，这种能产生文字图像的修辞，可以使演讲达到生动的效果。比喻要用具象的语言，分为明喻和隐喻。
明喻是指在本质上有区别但仍然有相同点的事物之间做一个明确的比较，一般句中会含有“像”或“似”。隐喻则是一种隐藏的比较，不会出现like 和 as 这些连接词。
Another way to make your speeches vivid is by exploiting the rhythm of language. Four devices for creating rhythm are parallelism, repetition, alliteration, and antithesis. Parallelism is the similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences. Repetition is the use of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences. Alliteration comes from repeating the initial constant sounds of close or adjoining words. Antithesis is the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure.
我们还可以充分利用语言的节奏感使演讲更加生动活泼。具体有以下四种方式——排比，反复，押头韵和对偶。排比是指把一组或一系列相关的字词句以相似结构排列起来。反复是指在连续几个从句或句子的开头或结尾处使用相同的词和词组。押头韵则是通过重复相邻之间单词首个辅音实现的。对偶通常是用平行的结构将相反的想法并列在一起。
Using language appropriately means adapting to the particular occasion, audience, and topic at hand. It also means developing your own language style instead of trying to copy someone else’s. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is much more likely to succeed.
用语恰当意味着遣词造句要与特定的场合，观众以及谈论的话题相适应。这也意味着你得建立自己的语言风格，不能简单抄袭他人。如果使用的语言与各方面都很契合，那么演讲就更有可能取得成功。
Good speeches are not composed of hot air and unfounded assertions. They need strong supporting materials to bolster the speaker’s point of view.In fact, the skillful use of supporting materials often makes the difference between a good speech and a poor one.The three basic types of supporting materials are examples,statistics and testimony.
好的演讲不能是空话连篇，也不能是一些毫无根据的论断；而是需要有力的论据来支持演讲者的观点。事实上，能否有技巧地使用论据会造成演讲效果的天壤之别。论据有以下三种基本形式：例子，统计资料，引用。
In the course of a speech you may use brief examples—specific instances referred to in passing—and sometimes you may want to give several brief examples in a row to create a stronger impression. Extended examples—often called illustrations, narrations, or anecdotes—are longer and more detailed.Hypothetical examples describe imagery situations and can be quite effective for relating ideas to the audience. All three kinds of examples help to clarify ideas, to reinforce ideas, or to personalize ideas. To be more effective, though, they should be vivid and richly textured.
在演讲时可以简单举例——即附带地提及几个具体的例子——有时也需要接二连三举例来加深印象。延伸举例——也叫解释、叙述或轶事——更长更详尽。假设举例描述的是想象的情景，能够很好地把想法传达给观众。这三种不同的例子都有助于演讲者清晰地表达观点，强调观点并使之打上演讲者的烙印。当然，要想演讲效果更好，演讲本身必须生动且结构丰富！
Statistics can be extremely helpful in conveying your message, [as long as you use them sparingly and explain them so they are meaningful to your audience.] Above all, you should understand your statistics and use them fairly. Numbers can easily be manipulated and distorted. Make sure {that your figures are representative of {what they claim to measure},that you use statistical measures correctly, and that you take statistics only from reliable sources.}
统计资料非常有助于演讲者传递信息，因为当演讲者适量地运用这些资料并加以解释时，听众就能更好地理解其中的意义。最重要的是，演讲者必须理解这些统计资料并恰当使用。数字很容易被篡改、误报，因此必须确保自己所使用的数据不是张冠李戴的；必须确保自己使用的统计措施是正确的；必须确保自己的统计资料来源是可靠的。
Testimony is especially helpful for student speakers, because they are seldom recognized as expects on their speech topics. Citing the views of people（ who are experts） is a good way to make your ideas more credible. When you include testimony in a speech, you can either quote someone verbatim or paraphrase their words. As with statistics, there are guidelines for using testimony.Be sure to quote or paraphrase accurately and to cite qualified unbiased sources. If the source is not generally known to your audience, be certain to establish his or her credentials.
引用他人观点看法对学生演讲者来说尤其有用，因为学生很少会被视为他们演讲相关主题方面的专家。引用专家的观点可以让你的想法更可信。引用的时候，既可以逐字摘抄也可以自己总结一下。和统计资料一样，引用也有原则可循——引用摘抄准确，来源合格无偏见。如果观众对引用来源不太熟悉，一定要（想办法）取得他们的信任。
The impact of a speech is strongly affected by how the speech is delivered. You cannot make a speech without having something to say. But having something to say is not enough.You must also know how to say it.Good delivery does not call attention to itself.It conveys the speaker’s ideas clearly, interestingly, and [without distracting the audience].
演讲的效果如何很大程度上取决于演讲是怎么做的。无话可说做不好演讲，但要做好演讲，仅仅有话可说也是远远不够的，还要知道如何说话才行。好的演讲不是要唤起观众对演讲本身的注意，而是要向观众清晰有趣地传递演讲者的想法，同时还要有观众聚精会神地聆听。
There are four basic methods of delivering a speech: reading verbatim from a manuscript, reciting a memorized text, speaking with PowerPoint, and speaking extemporaneously, or impromptu. The last of these—speaking extemporaneously—is the method (you probably will use for classroom speeches and for most speeches outside the classroom). When speaking extemporaneously, you will have only a brief set of notes or a speaking outline. Speaking with PowerPoint is widely used now and very effective indeed.
演讲有四种最基本的方法：照本宣科式；背诵式；ppt辅助演讲式和即兴演讲式。最后一项即兴演讲是我们在课堂演讲和大部分课外演讲中都要用到的方法.即兴演讲时，我们手上只有简单的笔记或演讲提纲。现在，用ppt辅助演讲十分普遍，效果显著。
Certainly there are other factors you should consider, such as personal appearance, bodily action, gestures, eye contact, volume, pauses and so on. By paying enough attention to what is mentioned above, you may present an effective speech.
当然还要考虑其他因素——譬如演讲者的个人形象，肢体语言，眼神交流，声音的抑扬顿挫等等。尽量注意上述问题，演讲就会成功！
Do Traffic Tickets Save Lives?
交通罚单能救命吗？
Pity the poor traffic cop. He's the last guy you want to see in your rear-view mirror when you're speeding down the highway. Why isn't he out looking for murderers instead of nailing drivers for minor infractions of the law?
哎，这可怜的交警。他是你在高速公路上疾驰时最不愿意在后视镜里看见的人。他为什么不去抓那些杀人犯，却在这儿为了一点儿芝麻大的交通违规对司机们穷追不舍？
Well, according to a major research project by scientists in Canada and California, that cop just might be saving your life. Or the life of someone else.
然而,根据加拿大和加利福尼亚科学家们的一项重要研究，那位警察也许恰恰是在救你的 命，或者救別的什么人的命。
The researchers have found that a traffic ticket reduces a driver's chance of being involved in a fatal accident by a whopping 35 percent, at least for a few weeks. The effect doesn't last long, however. Within three to four months, the lead foot is back on the pedal and the risk of killing yourself or someone else is back up to where it was before that cop stared you in the eye and wrote out that expensive citation.
研究者们发现一张交通罚单能让司机至少在几周内遭遇重大车祸的概率降低35%。似是这个作用不会持续很长。三四个月后，那只脚又会回到油门儿上去，置自己或別人于死地的危险率又和警察瞪着你开出巨额罚单前一样高了。
The bottom line, according to the research, published in the June 28 issue of The Lancet, is that traffic tickets save lives. Maybe thousands of lives, every year. Yet traffic laws are enforced sporadically, almost as if by whim, partly because people just don't like traffic cops, and there are lots of other things for the government to spend money on than enforcing highway safety laws.
根据6月28日发表在《柳叶刀》上的研究，最根本的一点就是交通罚单能救命，它很可能每年能救成千上万条命。然而交通法规只是零星地被实施，就像心血来潮似的，部分原因是人们不喜欢罚单，而且除了实施髙速公路安全法，政府部门还有很多其他地方要花钱。
The Grim Statistics
无情的统计数椐
That attitude needs to be changed, according to Donald A. Redelmeier of the University of Toronto and Robert J. Tibshirani of Stanford University. Both men are medical researchers, and this isn't the first time they've taken a hard look at highway safety. Their 1998 study caused a stir when they linked cell phone usage to traffic accidents. Now they're back, saying traffic tickets are good for our health.
多伦多大学的热德尔美尔和斯坦福大学的提波施拉尼认为这种态度需要改变。他们俩都是医学研究者，这已不是他们第一次盯着高速公路安全问题了。他们俩1998年的研究引起了轰动，当时他们认为打手机与交通事故有关联。现在他们又来了，说交通罚单对我们的健康有好处。
They were prodded into this project by some very grim statistics. Each year, more than a million persons die in traffic accidents worldwide. If that many people died of SARS in a year, the public response would probably border on hysteria, but we have come to accept traffic fatalities as a way of life.
他们之所以参与这个项目是受到一些残酷无情的统计数据的驱使。每年，全世界有100多万人死于交通事故。如果一年内那么多人死于非典的话，大家很可能会恐惧得发疯了，然而我 们对交通亊故死亡率却习以为常了。
In addition, another 25 million people around the world are permanently disabled by traffic accidents, and many of them — as well as the fatalities — are children.
另外，还有2 500万人因交通事故永远残废了，而且他们当中(包括死去的)很多是孩子。
Taking It Easy After a Ticket?
接到罚中处之泰然？
When Redelmeier and Tibshirani and fellow researcher Leonard Evans set out to see if traffic tickets really do any good, they found an enormous resource in the Canadian province of Ontario. The full driving record of every licensed driver there was made available to them, warts and all, giving the researchers a huge data base of more than 10 million licensed drivers, 8,975 of whom were involved in a fatal accident during the 11-year period covered by the research, from 1988 through 1998.
当热德尔美尔、提波施拉尼和他们的共同研究人员伦纳德 ·伊凡斯研究交通罚单是否真能起到好作用时，他们在加拿大的安大略省发现了数量巨大的司机资料。他们在那儿能看到每个有驾照的人的全部记录，这样他们就有了一个良莠俱存的超过一千万个持照司机的巨大数据库。其中8 975个司机在此项研究覆盖的1988-1998共11年中曾出过重大交通事故
"We looked at the month prior to a fatal accident, and the number of traffic convictions, and then the same month in the year before," says Tibshirani, a statistician. "What we found was that there were fewer tickets in the month before a fatal accident than there were a year before, and that suggests there's a protective effect of having a ticket."
统计学家提波施拉尼说:“我们看了一下出重大事故前一个月的交通罚单数和前一年同一个月的罚单数，发现出重大事故前一个月的罚单要比前一年同一个月的罚单少，这说明罚单有保护作用。”
In other words, when the number of citations went down, the number of fatal accidents went up the following month, and when the number of tickets went up, the number of fatal accidents dropped the following month. The analysis shows that fatal accidents declined by 35 percent because of citations.
换言之，当罚单数下降时，重大事故率在接下来这个月就会上升；而当罚单数上升时，重大事故率在接下来这个月就会下降。分析表明罚单能使重大事故率下降35%。
Apparently, people just drove more cautiously following a traffic citation, but that only lasted a maximum of four months, the researchers say. After that brief respite, it was back to business as usual for most motorists.
显然，人们在拿到交通罚单后开车会更谨慎，但这种谨慎最长只会持续4个月。对多数司机来说，经过这短暂的歇息，一切又都恢复到从前了。
Citations’ Effects Consistent罚单的持续作用
The scientists also turned up some surprising results. "Most of the crashes did not involve alcohol and were not at an intersection," they report in their research paper. Most occurred during the summer months when the streets were dry (65 percent) rather than wet (18 percent) or covered with snow (17 percent).
科学家们还出示了一些令人吃惊的研究结果。“多数撞车不是因为酒后驾车，也不是发生在十字路口，”他们在研究报告中这样报道。多数事故发生在夏季，当时的道路干燥（65%）而不湿滑（18%），也没有雪覆盖（17%）。
They also found that the "relative risk reduction associated with traffic convictions was remarkably consistent among subgroups of licensed drivers," so the same results apply to women as well as men, regardless of age, prior driving record, and other personal data.
他们还发现“在有驾照的那组司机中拿到罚单后的事故减少率的持续性是显著的"，因此同样的结论适用于妇女和男人，而与年龄因素、以前的驾驶记录和其他个人资料无关。
Men, however, were involved in far more fatal accidents than women (73 percent to 27 percent) and the most accident-prone age was between 30 and 50. Alcohol was detected in only 7 percent of the accidents.
但是，男人要比女人更容易出严重交通亊故(73%比27%)，而且最容易出事故的年龄是在30-50岁之间。酒后驾车只占事故的7%。
The researchers also addressed the commonly held belief that traffic citations cause more accidents than they prevent because so many people are killed during police chases. They found that only 24 deaths could be linked to writing citations during the 11-year period. That included 17 suspects, five bystanders and two police officers.
"The typical suspect who died was a 26-year-old man pursued by police after fleeing a spot check for alcohol or a speeding violation," they report. The two police officers were killed in separate events when they were hit by a car while writing a ticket for another motorist.
研究者们还澄清了一种普遍的想法：交通罚单引起的交通事故比防止的多，因为很多人是在警察追他们时丧生的。他们发现在过去的11年中只有24起死亡事故和罚单有关，这包括17个被追的司机、5个路人和2位警察。 “最典型的一例是一个26岁的男子，因想逃避酒精和超速违规的现场检查而被警察穷追不舍，”他们报告说。有2位警察死于与这互不相关的事件中，当时他们正在给另一个摩托车驾驶员开罚单。
Who Really Pays?到底谁付出代价？
The researchers admit there are a few gaps in their findings. The statistics do not include Ontario drivers who may have been involved in a fatal accident somewhere outside that province. Nor can they say that every traffic ticket leads to a reduction in accidents. But the statistics suggest a correlation between the number of citations and the number of fatalities.
研究者们承认在他们的研究中有一些漏洞。统计数字不包括有可能在省外某地出严重交通事故的安大略省司机。他们也不能说每张交通罚单都能降低事故率。但是数据显示交通罚单的数量和死亡率之间呈相关性。
They also point out that the innocent are often made to pay the price for careless drivers."Unlike other common diseases, the victims are often young and need significant subsequent care for decades. Most crashes are unintended, unexpected, and could have been prevented by a small difference in driver behavior." So the next time you see that cop in your rear-view mirror, give him, or her, a broad smile.
“他们还指出为粗心大意的司机付出代价的经常是那些无辜受害者。和其他常见病不一样，受害人通常很年轻，需要以后几十年连续不断的照顾。大多数事故是无意的，意料之外的，只要司机在驾驶上稍有不同就能避免。因此下次你要是在后视镜里看见那位警察，一定要对他/她热情微笑。
From Kaifeng to New York － Glory Is as Ephemeral as
从开封到纽约——辉煌如过眼烟云
Smoke and Clouds
As this millennium dawns, New York is considered to be the most important city in the world, the unofficial capital of planet Earth. But before New Yorkers become too full of themselves, it might be worthwhile to glance at dilapidated Kaifeng in central China.
新的千禧年到来之际，纽约市俨然已成全世界最重要的城市、全球非正式的首都。然而趁纽约人还没过度踌躇满志之前，不妨对华夏中原那座破落的开封城回眸一瞥。
Kaifeng, an ancient city along the mud-clogged Yellow River, was by far the most important place in the world in A.D. 1000. And if you’ve never heard of it, that’s a useful warning for Americans. As expressed in this column’s headline － translated from Chinese, a language of the future that more Americans should start learning － “glory is as ephemeral as smoke and clouds.”
开封，泥沙淤塞的黄河边的一座古都，在公元1000年时曾是全世界无与伦比的重要城市。如果您对此闻所未闻，那这对美国人不啻为一个有益的警示——以广大的美国人民都应学习的未来的语言表达出来，一如前面中文标题所示“辉煌如过眼烟云。”
As the world’s only superpower, America may look today as if global domination is an entitlement. But if you look back at the sweep of history, it’s striking how fleeting supremacy is, particularly for individual cities.
作为全世界独一无二的超级强国，今天看来仿佛美国的独霸全球乃是天经地义之事。然而当我们对历史的洪流稍作回顾，便会惊觉世界的霸权是多么短暂，尤其是对各个城市而言。
My vote for the most important city in the world in the period leading up to 2000 B.C. would be Ur, Iraq. In 1500 B.C., perhaps Thebes, Egypt. There was no dominant player in 1000 B.C., though one could make a case for Sidon, Lebanon. In 500 B.C., it would be Persepolis, Persia; in the year 1, Rome; around A.D. 500, maybe Chang’an, China; in 1000, Kaifeng, China; in 1500, probably Florence, Italy; in 2000, New York; and in 2500, probably none of the above.
如果要我选出公元2000年以前全世界最重要的一个城市，当非伊拉克的乌尔莫属。公元前1500年，也许应是埃及的底比斯；公元前1000年时，没有哪个城市独领风骚，不过也许勉强可以投一票给黎巴嫩的赛登；公元前500年，应该是波斯的波西波里士；公元元年，是罗马；公元500年左右，也许是中国的长安；到了1000年，是中国的开封；1500年，多半应是意大利的佛罗伦萨；两千年时，是纽约市；2500年时，极可能以上皆非。
Today, Kaifeng is grimy and poor, not even the provincial capital and so minor it lacks even an airport. Its sad state only underscores how fortunes change. In the 11th century, when it was the capital of Song Dynasty China, Kaifeng reached its peak of importance. It was a commercial and industrial center at the intersection of four major canals. During this time, the city was surrounded by three rings of city walls and commodities assembled from all over the world. Its population was more than one million. In contrast, London’s population then was about 15,000.
今天的开封，脏乱而贫困，甚至连省会都不是，地位卑微到连一个飞机场都没有。它能沦落到这步田地更凸显了风水轮流转的道理。11世纪时，作为中国宋朝的国都，正是它最繁华的时候。它位于四大主要运河的交汇处，是当时的商业与工业中心。当时开封城有三道城墙围绕，来自世界各地的商品都在这里集散。它拥有百万以上的人口。相比之下当时伦敦的人口大约只有15000。
An ancient painted scroll, now in the Palace Museum in Beijing, China, shows the bustle and prosperity of ancient Kaifeng. Hundreds of pedestrians jostle each other on the streets, camels carry merchandise in from the Silk Road, and teahouses and restaurants do a thriving business.
目前珍藏在北京故宫博物院的一幅古老卷轴，上面画的是古都开封的热闹与繁荣。街道上成百上千的行人熙来攘往，成群的骆驼背负着来自丝绸之路的货物进城，林立的茶馆酒肆高朋满座。
Kaifeng’s stature attracted people from all over the world, including hundreds of Jews. Even today, there are some people in Kaifeng who look like other Chinese but who consider themselves Jewish and do not eat pork.
开封的盛名吸引了来自全世界的商贾游客，包括成百上千的犹太人。直至今日，开封城里还有一些居民相貌与中国人无异，却自称是犹太裔，而且拒食猪肉。
As I roamed the Kaifeng area, asking local people why such an international center had sunk so low, I encountered plenty of envy of New York. One man said he was arranging to be smuggled into the United States illegally, by paying a gang $25,000, but many local people insisted that China is on course to bounce back and recover its historic role as world leader.
我在开封一带漫游时，曾询问当地百姓为何当年的国际交流中心竟能沉沦到这个地步，我得到的响应有不少是对纽约的羡慕。一个男子告诉我他正设法付某人蛇团伙两万五千美元，以便偷渡到美国。但是许多当地百姓却都强调中国正在复兴，而且很快就能恢复它世界领导者的历史角色。
“China is booming now,” said Wang Ruina, a young peasant woman on the outskirts of town. “Give us a few decades, and we’ll catch up with the United States, even pass it.”
“中国正蒸蒸日上，”住在城郊的年轻女农民王瑞娜说道。 “再给我们几十年，我们一定能赶上美国，甚至超过它。”
She’s right. The United States has had the biggest economy in the world for more than a century, but most projections show that China will surpass it in about 15 years, as measured by purchasing power parity.
她说的对。美国作为全世界最大的经济体已经超过一个世纪了，然而大多数的预测都显示：如果用购买力比价来测算，中国将在大约十五年之内超越美国。
So what can New York learn from a city like Kaifeng?
那么纽约能从像开封这样一个城市得到什么教训？
One lesson is the importance of sustaining a technological edge and sound economic policies. Ancient China flourished partly because of pro-growth, pro-trade policies and technological innovations like curved iron plows, printing and paper money. But then China came to scorn trade and commerce, and per capita income stagnated for 600 years.
第一个教训就是承认保持科技优势与正确经济政策的重要性。古代中国能够欣欣向荣，部分原因应归功于有利发展、有利贸易的政策，以及诸如弧形铁制耕犁、印刷以及纸币等技术的革新。但是后来中国却鄙弃了贸易与商业，国民平均所得因而停滞了600年。
A second lesson is the danger of hubris, for China concluded it had nothing to learn from the rest of the world － and that was the beginning of the end.
第二个教训就是傲慢自大的危险。由于当初中国断定它不可能从别国学到任何东西，它的衰败从此开始了。
I worry about the United States in both regards. America’s economic management is so lax that it can’t confront farm subsidies or long-term budget deficits.American technology is strong, but public schools are second-rate in math and science. And Americans’ lack of interest in the world contrasts with the restlessness, drive and determination that are again pushing China to the forefront.
我对美国的忧心也是双重的。美国的经济管理是如此松弛，根本无法面对农业津贴与长期预算赤字。美国的科技虽然先进，然而一般美国公立学校的数学与科学课程仅为二流。而美国人民对外面世界没什么兴趣，这又与凭借着自强不息、冲劲与决心而逐渐向世界舞台中央挺进的中国形成了对比。
Beside the Yellow River, I met a 70-year-old peasant named Hao Wang, who had never gone to a day of school. He couldn’t even write his name － and yet his progeny were different.
在黄河边上我遇见一位名叫王豪的70岁老夫。他不曾到学校念过一天书。他连自己的名字都不会写，但他的子孙境遇便大不相同了。
“Two of my grandsons are now in university,” he boasted, and then he started talking about the computer in his home.
“我有两个孙子正在读大学，”他自豪地说道，接着他便开始谈他家中的计算机。
Thinking of Kaifeng should stimulate Americans to struggle to improve their high-tech edge, educational strengths and pro-growth policies. For if they rest on our laurels, even a city as great as New York may end up as Kaifeng-on-the-Hudson.
想想开封，美国人便应该激励自己，努力加强自己的高科技优势、教育功能以及有利经济成长的政策。因为如果他们只是一味沉醉于既有的成就而裹足不前的话，即使伟大如纽约市也可能有朝一日沦为哈德逊河上的开封城。
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