主谓一致
发布时间：2017-12-03 来源：文档文库
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谓语动词用单数的情况
1．动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语，谓语用单数。
Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job. To understand the situation completely requires more thought than has been given thus far. 2．表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用单数。
Two weeks is too long. 3．一般用and连接的两个单词或短语做主语时候，谓语用复数，但是下面用and连接的主语表示一个概念，谓语用单数： law and order 法制 soap and water 肥皂水 a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子 fork and knife 刀叉 the needle and thread 针线 trial and error 反复尝试，不断摸索 horse and carriage 马车 time and tide 岁月 bread and butter 奶油面包 the ebb and flow 盛衰，潮涨潮落如：
4．表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数形式，作主语时候谓语动词用单数形式 Linguistics is a branch of study on human language.
5．用and 连接的成份表示一个单一概念时候，动词谓语用单数形式 Bread and butter is our daily food
二．谓语用复数情况
1．由and, both …and, 连接的并列主语，和both ,a few, many ,several 等修饰语后面谓语动词通常用复数形式。 Few people know he and I were classmates when we were at college. 2．集体名词police, public, militia, cattle ,class ,youth后常用复数形式的动词 The Chinese people are brave and hardworking
3．当表示民族的词与冠词合用当主语，谓语动词用复数形式 The Japanese were once very aggressive
4．某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人，做主语时候，谓语动词用复数 The rich are not always selfish
5．不可数名词作主语，其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数 Three million tons of coal were exported that year 三．谓语动词可用单数，也可以用复数的情况
1．就近一致原则这种情况下，谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近该动词的主语的单复数，存在这种情况的主要由以下几种可能：
1）由连词 either…or…; neither…nor…; whether… or…;not only…but (also or 等连接的并列主语 Neither money nor fame has influence on me . Not only you but also he is wrong
2．主语带有（together/along）with, such as, accompanied by, as well as, no less than, except, besides, with, combined with, in addition to , including, together with 等等附加成分，谓语的数不受附加成分的影响仍然与主语保持一致。
Professor Taylor , with six of his students ,is attending a conference.
3．关系代词做主语的定语从句中，谓语的数要与先行词一致。 如： Despite much research, there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that are not fully understood. （1996年考研题） There are many valuable services which the public are willing to pay for, but which do not bring a return in money to the community. （1990年考研题）
4．一些表示数量的短语与名词连用时候，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数，名词是复数，谓语动词用复数，反之就用单数。这些短语包括：a lot of /lots of; plenty of/heaps of; half of; two-third (three-fourth… of; eighty(ten, twenty… percent; part of; rest of none of 等等 。例如 Lots of damage was caused by the fire
5．集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语表示的意思和数，当表示整体时候，谓语
动词就用单数，当强调集体中的个体时候，谓语动词就用复数。这些集体名词如：army, audience, band ,government ,group ,flock, police, public ,staff ,team ,troop. Crowd, firm, family 等等The family were watching the TV . The audience was enormous . The audience were greatly moved at the words
6．某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数：
第一组： a great many + 可数名词复数谓语用复数
a number of + 可数名词复数谓语用复数 the majority of + 可数名词复数谓语用复数
第二组； the number of + 可数名词复数谓语用单数
each/every + 可数名词复数谓语用单数
neither/either of + 可数名词复数谓语用单数 one and a half + 可数名词复数谓语用单数
第三组； more than one +
