高二必修五重点难点 - 一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时

发布时间:2016-05-28 14:50:46   来源:文档文库   
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Section Ⅱ Grammar

一般现在时、现在进行时,现在完成时

一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时在高考中约占6分,考查形式主要有单选、语篇填空和改错,主要考察这三种时态中的谓语动词形式和时间状语。

时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。本模块重点学习一般现在时,一般将来时,现在进行时和现在完成时。

一、一般现在时

1.经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如oftenusuallyevery...sometimesat...on...

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

每天早上我七点离开家去学校。

2.表示客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。

The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部。

3.表示格言、警句或文学作品。

Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。

注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

Columbus proved that the earth is round.

哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。

4.现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

I dont want so much.我不想要那么多。

Ann writes English well but does not speak well.

安英语写得不错,讲得可不行。

5.在时间或条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来。

When Bill comesask him to wait for me.

比尔来的时候,让他等着我。

Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.

我一到那儿就给你写信。

二、一般将来时

1shall用于第一人称,常被will所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。

Which paragraph shall I read first?我先读哪一段呢?

Will you be at home at seven this evening?

今晚七点你在家吗?

2be going to+动词原形,表示将来。

(1)主语的意图,即将做某事。

What are you going to do tomorrow?

你明天打算做什么呢?

(2)计划,安排要发生的事。

The play is going to be produced next month.

这部戏下月开始制作。

(3)有迹象要发生的事。

Look at the dark cloudsthere is going to be a storm.

看那乌云,将有一场暴风雨了。

3be+不定式,表将来按计划或正式安排将发生的事。

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

4be about+不定式,意为马上做某事。

He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。

注意:be about to do不能与tomorrownext week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用,常与when引导的时间状语从句连用。意为:正要做……这时……。

[提醒]

(1)下列动词comegoarriveleavestartbeginreturn的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

火车明天上午六点开。

—When does the bus start—It starts in ten minutes.

——汽车什么时候开?——十分钟后。

(2)herethere等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。

Here comes the bus.The bus is coming.车来了。

There goes the bell.The bell is ringing.铃响了。

(3)在时间或条件句中。

When Bill comes (不是will come)ask him to wait for me.

比尔来后,让他等我。

Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.

我一到那里,就写信给你

三、现在进行时

1.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。

We are waiting for you.我们正在等你。

2.习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。

Mr Green is writing another novel.格林先生在写另一部小说。(说话时并不一定在写)

3.表示渐变,这样的动词有:getgrowbecometurnrungobegin等。

The leaves are turning red.叶子在变红。

Its getting warmer and warmer.天越来越热了。

4.与alwaysconstantlyforever等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。

You are always changing your mind.你老是改变主意。

[提醒]

下列动词comegoarriveleavestartbeginreturn等的现在进行时可以表示将来。

Im leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week?

你会在这儿呆到下周吗?

四、现在完成时

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成为:have (has)+过去分词。

1.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别

(1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。

(2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语:yesterdaylast week...agoin 1980in Octoberjust now等,皆为具体的时间状语。

现在完成时的时间状语:so farup to nowin past yearsfor a long timesince then等,皆为不确定的时间状语。

共同的时间状语:this morningtonightthis Aprilnow等。

(3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如liveteachlearnworkstudyknow等。

一般过去时常用的非延续性动词()comegoleavestartdiefinishbecomeget married等。

[提醒]

句子中如有过去时的时间副词(yesterdaylast weekin 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。

() Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

() Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

2.用于现在完成时的句型

(1)It is the first/second time...that...结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。

It is the first time that I have visited the city.

这是我第一次访问这城市。

This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.

这是我第一次听他唱歌。

注意:上面句型中的is若改为was,则从句部分用过去完成时。

It was the third time that the boy had been late.

这是这个男孩第三次迟到了。

(2)This is+形容词最高级+that...结构,that从句要用现在完成时。

This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.

这是我看过的最好的电影。

.用所给词的适当形式填空

1When you________(come) across a new word while readingyoud better not look it up.

答案: come

2I________________(take) my daughter to the Central Park this Saturday.

答案: am taking

3The telephone________________(ring)Would you answer itplease?

答案: is ringing

4Most students here________________(study) English for more than four years.

答案: have studied

5It is two years since I________________(smoke)

答案: smoked

6It is the second time that he________________(visit) the Great Wall.

答案: has visited

7Work hardand you________________(pass) the exam.

答案: will pass

8—Im sorrybut theres no smoking on this flight.

—OhI________________(not know) that.I wont again.

答案: didnt know

9—I forgot to post the letter.

—I________________(post) it for you.

答案: will post

10Great changes________________(take) place in my hometown in the past ten years.

答案: have taken

.单项填空

1The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945and their power________increased enormously ever since.

Ais       Bwas

Chas been Dhad been

解析: 由ever since可知,应用现在完成时。

答案: C

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2I was about________the classroom________the head teacher stopped me.

Aleavingwhen Bleavewhile

Cto leavewhen Dto leavingwhile

解析: 句意为:我正要离开教室,这时班主任拦住了我。be about to do...when为固定结构,“正要做……这时……”。

答案: C

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3Its said that you________several countries where the UN______programs to help people in the past two years as a Goodwill Ambassador.

Avisitedoperated Bhave visitedoperates

Care visitingoperates Dvisitoperate

解析: 考查时态。由时间状语in the past two years,可知第一个空格处用现在完成时,第二个空格处用一般现在时表明联合国实施的长期项目。句意为:据说,在过去的两年中,你作为亲善形象大使访问了联合国对其实施帮助的几个国家。

答案: B

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4—It is the second time that I________to Shanghai.

—What great changesIts ten years since I________it last time.

Ahave beenleft Bhad beenleft

Camhad left Dcomehad left

解析: 考查时态。第一空为固定结构Its the second time that...从句中应用现在完成时;since作连词引导句子时常用一般过去时,表明时间起点。

答案: A

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5—Who do you think________the book here?

—It may be John.He was sitting here all the morning.

Awas leaving Bleaves

Chad left Dhas left

解析: 强调过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响——书留在了这里,应该用现在完成时。

答案: D

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6—Stop shouting at me.

—Wellyou________it.

Astarted Bstart

Chad started Dhave started

解析: 考查时态。句意为:——别再冲我嚷嚷了。——哦,是你先开始的。start开始,动作发生在对话之前,故应用一般过去时。

答案: A

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7My parents have promised to come to see me before I________for Africa.

Ahave left Bleave

Cleft Dwill leave

解析: 考查动词时态。根据句意:我父母答应在我去非洲之前来看我。可知leave为将来的动作,且前面采用现在时态,因此leave用一般现在时来表达这一动作。

答案: B

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8—Joan was badly injured in the accident yesterday and she was sent to hospital.

—Ohreally? I________.I________visit her.

Adidnt knowwill go to

Bdont knowwill go to

Cdidnt knowam going to

Dhavent knownam going to

解析: 第一空强调过去的动作,现在已经知道了,故用一般过去时;第二空应用will,表示临时决定将要做的事,而be going to表示按照计划、安排要做的事。

答案: A

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9—Whats the terrible noise?

—The neighbour________for a crazy party.

Ahave prepared Bare preparing

Cprepare Dwill prepare

解析: 对话双方说的都是说话时的噪音,故可推知用现在进行时表示正在发生的动作。

答案: B

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10He________basketball wellbut I havent had time to watch the games.

Aplayed Bwill play

Chave played Dplays

解析: 考查语境中一般现在时的用法。前一分句是对主语he的特长情况的描述,因此用一般现在时。

答案: D

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11—He can speak French because he lived in France.

—Really? How long________there?

Adoes he live Bis he living

Chas he lived Ddid he live

解析: 句意为:——他会说法语是因为他在法国居住过。——真的吗?他在那儿住过多长时间?从题干可知:“he”已不在法国,谈论的是过去,因此选D

答案: D

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12—When are your parents leaving?

—Their plane________at 130 pm.

Atakes off Btook off

Cwill take off Dis to take off

解析: 计划表或者时刻表中规定好的动作可用一般现在时表示将来。句意为:——你父母什么时候离开?——他们的飞机下午一点半起飞。

答案: A

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13Lets keep to the point or we________any decision.

Awill never reach Bhave never reached

Cnever reach Dnever reached

解析: 考查动词时态。根据题意可知“我们无法做出决定”为将来的情况。因此,应用一般将来时。另外,此题符合“祈使句+or/and+一般将来时”结构。

答案: A

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14The price________but I doubt whether it will remain so.

Awent down Bwill go down

Chas gone down Dwas going down

解析: 考查动词时态。根据后句“我怀疑物价是否会保持这样”可知,物价已经降下来了,应用完成时,因此C项是正确的。

答案: C

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15He________of how he can do more for the people.

Ahad always thought

Bis always thinking

Chas always been thought

Dthinking always

解析: 考查动词时态。由句意及always可知,该句表示他总是在考虑如何为人们多做点事。属一贯性、反复进行的动作,带有强烈的褒扬色彩,因此应用现在进行时表示,选B

答案: B

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16(2010·上海春)We________on our project day and night in the past two weeks.

Ahad worked Bhave worked

Cwill be working Dare working

解析: 句意为:在过去的两周里,我们夜以继日地做我们的项目。由时间状语in the past two weeks可知,本句应该用现在完成时态。

答案: B

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17—Ann is in hospital.

—OhreallyI________know.I________go and visit her.

Adidntam going to Bdontwould

Cdontwill Ddidntwill

解析: 句意为:“安住院了。”“真的吗?我还不知道呢,我要去看看她。”“不知道安住院”是说话之前的事,故第一空用一般过去时;“要去看安”是临时决定将要做的事,故用will do表示一般将来时。

答案: D

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18—What is the price of petrol these days?

—Ohit________sharply since last month.

Ais raised Bhas risen

Chas arisen Dis increased

解析: 由since last month可知应该用现在完成时;首先排除AD。再根据句意可知应该选Brise是不及物动词,意为“上升”,符合题意。arise意为“站立,出现”,均不符合语境。

答案: B

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19. This is the first time we________a film in the cinema together as a family.

Asee Bhad seen

Csaw Dhave seen

解析: 在This/It is the first/second...time that从句中,that从句谓语动词用现在完成时态。句意为“这是第一次我们全家人一起到电影院看电影”。

答案: D

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20My parents________in Hong Kong.They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.

Alive Blived

Cwere living Dwill live

解析: 由第二句中的...have never lived anywhere else.可知,空格处应用一般现在时表示状态。

答案: A

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