高中英语Unit4 Astronomythe science of the stars 精编每课一练 人教版必修三

Ⅰ.用合适的单词填空

1.Matters have three states:s　　　,gas and liquid.

2.People need o　　　 to live.

3.The table had a shiny s　　　,but underneath it was dull and rough.

4.The Roman Empire e　　　 for several centuries.

5.Nowadays many d　　　 areas have been established in China.

6.I threw the vase on the floor and it e　　　into tiny pieces.

7.Father s　　　the world map out flat on the floor and tried to find out the town where his son was fighting.

8.Let’s give three c　　　for our team—they’ve won!

9.When will the dictionary be p　　　?

10.Before the rain,the sky was a m　　　of clouds.

答案：1.solid　2.oxygen　 3.surface　4.existed　5.development　6.exploded　7.spread　8.cheers　9.published　10.mass

Ⅱ.翻译词组

1.突然爆发__________　　　　　 2.依靠__________

3.最终__________ 4.既然__________

5.阻止__________ 6.对……有害的__________

7.有机会做某事__________ 8.第一次__________

9.逃脱__________ 10.高兴起来__________

答案：1.break out　2.depend on　3.in time　4.now that　5.prevent from　6.do harm to/be harmful to　7.have a chance to do sth.　8.for the first time　9.escape from　10.cheer up

Ⅲ.语法练习

1.No one knows__________in a million years.

A.what man will look like

B.what will man look like

C.man will look like what

D.what look will man like

答案：A　本题考查宾语从句。从句作宾语时,其语序应是陈述句的语序；连接词位于从句的句首。本题中,what作介词like的宾语,但因其用于引导宾语从句,故放于从句之首。

2. __________is that I have promised to make friends with the dishonest girl.

A.The only thing what I regret

B.What I regret most

C.All what I really regret most

D.What that I regret most

答案：B　本题考查主语从句。what一词在引导名词性从句时,含有the thing (person) that之意。因此,A项中的the only thing是多余的,也可把what去掉后改为that；同样,C项的all和D项中的that也是多余的。

3 . __________we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A.If　　　　　 B.Whether　　　　C.That　　　　　D.Where

答案：B　B、C、D三项均可引导主语从句,但是本句含有疑问的意思,因此that排除；根据句意,是否camping和天气关系更为密切,所以where排除；if虽也可表示“是否”,但其不能引导主语从句,也排除。

4.Sarah hopes to become a friend of __________shares her interests.

A.anyone B.whoever C.whomever D.no matter who

答案：B　whoever在句中起双重作用,既作介词of的宾语,也作从句的主语；whomever不能在从句中作主语；no matter who只能引导状语从句。

5.You can’t imagine__________when they received these nice Christmas presents.

A.how they were excited

B.how excited they were

C.how excited were they

D.they were how excited

答案：B　本题考查由感叹句变来的宾语从句。此时,位于从句句首的应为连接词how,形容词或副词紧随其后,然后是正常的陈述句语序。根据这一要求,本题应该选择B。

6.Can you make sure __________the gold ring?

A.where Alice had put

B.where had Alice put

C.where Alice has put

D.where has Alice put

答案：C　本句虽然是疑问句,但是宾语从句的语序并没有变化。因此,首先要把B和D项排除掉。主句的时态是现在时,从句就不能用过去完成时,A项也排除掉。

7.It worried Mary a bit__________she would pass the college entrance examination.

A.whether B.if C.that D.how

答案：A　本题中,it是形式主语,要求选出引导主语从句的连词。如果选择that,Mary就不必着急了；句意为“使她感到忧虑的是,她是否能够通过考试”,所以,D项排除。if不能引导主语从句,也排除。

8.—Look! Someone is coming.Guess __________.

—Jack.He’s always on time.

A.who can it be

B.who it can be

C.who it must be

D.who must it be

答案：B　英语中,表示肯定的推测一般用must,否定和疑问的推测用can。本题虽是肯定句,但其在宾语从句中,实质上也是表示疑问,因此还是用can。另外,宾语从句的语序应是陈述语序,所以应选择B。

9. __________surprised me most was the sudden change of his attitude.

A.That B.What C.Which D.It

答案：B　本题考查主语从句。从句意上分析,本句应是“最让我吃惊的事情”,而what一词可表示the thing that (surprised me most),其他选项语法不通。

10.These wild flowers are so special that I would do __________I can to save them.

A.whatever B.which C.that D.whichever

答案：A　本题考查宾语从句。从句意为“我所能做的一切”,I can后面省略了do。四个选项中,能表达这个意思的只有whatever (=anything that ...)。whichever用在给出选项,供人选择的情况下,如：Here are some bananas.You can take whichever you like.

Ⅳ.交际用语练习

Read about the following situations that could be dangerous and think of proper safety instructions.Practise giving instructions in each situation with a partner before you present them to the class.

1.It suddenly starts raining with thunder and lightning.What are the things you should do and what are the things you should not do?

2.You want to do a science experiment in a chemistry class.Remember the safety instructions from the chemistry lab and practise them in English.

答案：1.

2.

综合•应用

Ⅰ.选择填空

1.（2005辽宁高考）All these gifts must be mailed immediately __________in time for Christmas.

A.in order to have received

B.in order to receive

C.so as to be received

D.so as to be receiving

答案：C　根据句意,句子主语与所给动词为被动关系,故只有C项合乎语法结构。

2.（2005山东高考）What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has __________?

A.given out B.put on C.hold up D.used up

答案：A　given out意为“耗尽,用尽”,无被动式；put on意为“穿上”；hold up意为“堵塞”；used up意为“用尽”,主语为物时,需用被动式。

3.（2005辽宁高考）The head office of the bank is in Beijing,but it has__________all over the country.

A.companies B.branches C.organizations D.businesses

答案：B　branches意为“分支,分公司”,正合题意。

4.（2006广东高考）I was still sleeping when the fire __________,and then it spread quickly.

A.broke out B.put out C.came out D.got out

答案：A　题意为“火灾发生的时候,我正在睡觉……”。A项意为“发生”；B项意为“扑灭”；C项意为“开花、出版”；D项意为“出来”。

5.（2006天津高考）—I’m thinking of the test tomorrow.I’m afraid I can’t pass this time.

—__________! I’m sure you’ll make it.

A.Go ahead B.Good luck C.No problem D.Cheer up

答案：D　由后句“I’m sure you’ll make it.（我相信你会成功的）”可知,应是对对方的鼓励和信任。cheer up可用于表达鼓励、促进的含义,相当于come on,go ahead意为“做吧”,用以表达对前面说话人的提议的支持和许可。

Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

（2005全国高考）

At Dallm/Fort Worth Airport,the lights are controlled by sensors that measure sunlight.They dim immediately when it’s sunny and brighten when a passing cloud blocks the sun.

A wall of windows at a University of Pennsylvania engineering budding has built-in blinds(百叶窗) controlled by a computer program that follows the sun’s path.

Buildings are getting smarter —and the next generation of building materials is expected to do even more.

Windows could catch the sun’s energy to heat water.Sensors that measure the carbon dioxide breathed out by people in a room could determine whether the air conditioning needs to be turned up.

Many new materials and technology have been designed in the last 15 years.They are now being used in a wave of buildings designed to save as much energy as possible.They include old ideas,like “green roofs”, where a belt of plants on a roof helps the building keep heat in winter and stay cool in summer,and new ideas,like special coating for windows that lets light in,but keeps heat out.

As technologies such as sensors become cheaper,their uses spread.

The elevators(电梯) at Seven World Trade Center,which is under construction in New York,use a system that groups people traveling to nearby floor into the same elevator,thus saving elevator stops.People who work in the building will enter it by swiping(刷) ID cards that will tell the elevators their floor;readouts will then tell them which elevator to use.The building also has windows with a coating that blocks heat while letting in light.

More new building materials and technology are in development.A Philadelphia building farm is now working on “smart wrap” that uses tiny solar collectors to catch the sun’s energy and transmitters(传感器) the width of a human hair to move it. They are expected to change the face of the construction industry in the next ten years or so.

1 . __________will be developed and used in the construction industry.

A.“Green mops” that cool or heat buildings

B.“Smart wrap” that catches the sun’s energy

C.Sunlight-measuring sensors that control lights

D.Window coating that lets light in,but keeps heat out

2.The elevators at Seven World Trade Center are special because they can__________ .

A.send people to floors with fewer stops

B.teach people how to use their ID cards

C.make people stay very cool in summer

D.help people go traveling in the building

3.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to __________.

A.a human being

B.smart wrap

C.the sun’s energy

D.a transmitter

4.What might be the most suitable title for the text?

A.Buildings Are Becoming Smarter

B.Buildings Are Getting More Sunlight

C.Buildings Are Lacking in Much Energy

D.Buildings Are Using Cheaper Materials

答案：1.B　最后一段中可以找到smart wrap,最后一句话说明这种发明将会用于建筑业。

2.A　倒数第二段“...a system that groups people traveling to nearby floor into the same elevator,thus saving elevator stops”一句表明,答案应是...send people to floors with fewer stops。

3.C　最后一段中作者谈到要用solar collectors来catch the sun’s energy,用transmitters去move it，可见catch和move属于并列的关系,它们的宾语也是一致的。

4.A　根据文章每一部分谈及的具体内容,我们可以得出结论,现代建筑越来越聪明了。

B

What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others? The answer is “no”.It isn’t the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools which makes him a scientist.You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter(木匠）.You will probably agree,too,that knowing how to investigate(调查）,how to discover information,is important to everyone.The scientist,however,goes one step further；he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer he gets to many questions is into a large set of ideas about how the world works.

The scientist’s knowledge must be exact.There’s no room for half right or right just half the time.He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit.What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times.If the conditions are different,any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration(实证）must be explained by the changes in the conditions.This is one reason why investigations are important in science.Albert Einstein,who developed the Theory of Relativity,arrived at this theory through mathematics.The accuracy(正确性）of his mathematics was later tested through investigation.Einstein’s ideas were proved to be correct.A scientist uses many tools for measurements.Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations(计算）that may test his investigations.

5.What makes a scientist according to the passage?

A.The tools he uses.

B.His ways of learning.

C.The way he uses his tools.

D.The various tools he uses.

6.“...knowing how to investigate,how to discover information,is important to everyone.”The writer says this to show__________.

A.the importance of information

B.the difference between scientists and ordinary people

C.the importance of thinking

D.the difference between carpenters and ordinary people

7.A sound scientific theory should be one that__________.

A.works under one set of conditions at one time and also works under the same conditions at other times

B.leaves no room for improvement

C.doesn’t allow any change even under different conditions

D.can be used for many purposes

8.What is the main idea of the passage?

A.Scientists are different from ordinary people.

B.The Theory of Relativity.

C.Exactness is the core(核心）of science.

D.Exactness and way of using tools are the keys to making of a scientist.

答案：5.C　由第一段“It isn’t...but how he uses...scientist”可知答案选C项。

6.C　第一段“...knowing how to investigate...”强调知道怎样去调查,去获取信息,即一种思考的过程,暗示思维的重要性。

7.A　由第二段“What works...times”可知。

8.D　文章第一段主要讲述合理利用工具的重要性,第二段主要说明准确的重要性。故选D项。

Ⅲ.把下列中文译成英文

A

1.他什么时候能算出那道数学题还是个未知数。

______________________________is unknown.

2.你需要的是更多的口语练习。

______________________________is more oral practice.

3.这样好的电视剧你没看到真遗憾。

It’s a pity______________________________.

4.哪个足球队能赢得这场比赛还很难说。

It is hard to say______________________________.

5.他为什么做这件事还不十分清楚。

______________________________wasn’t quite clear.

B

6.一米是一英尺的三倍多。

_______________________________________________________________________________

7.现在我们家乡学校的数量比解放前增加了四倍。

_______________________________________________________________________________

8.北京有我家乡城市的十个那么大。

_______________________________________________________________________________

答案：1.When he can work out the mathematics problem

2.What you need

3.you missed such a fine TV play

4.which football team will win the match

5.Why he did it

6.A metre is 3 times more than（...is 4 times the length of）a foot.

7.There are now five times as many schools in my hometown as before liberation.

8.Beijing is ten times as big as（nine times larger than/ten times the size of）my hometown.

视野•新知

随着科学技术的飞速发展,我们曾经拥有的许多梦想成为了现实,从而使我们的生活在各个方面都有了很大提高。但我们依然追求着更高的理想,追逐着更美的梦,它们是否可以实现呢？请阅读下面两篇短文：

Can It Really Happen?

Throughout the history of mankind,people have been asking,“Can it really happen?”The question was asked when people first thought of going out on the oceans.

It was asked when Columbus(哥伦布）set out on his journey,and as Marco Polo set sail.People thought the ships would drop off the edge of the world.

In the 1960’s when astronauts made plans to reach the moon,many people believed it could never happen.But men did walk on the moon, and they rode across the surface in moon cars.

And what about space colonies? Can they really happen? The answer is a strong yes.Space colonies can be built.Right now engineers have the knowledge needed to get started.

Space colonization(殖民地化）is in our future.It offers endless opportunities for people to expand.There are resources in space—endless energy,materials in the moon and the asteroids,the advantages of weightlessness and a high vacuum(真空）.

The opening of the space frontier will be exciting.It will challenge the entire world.Each nation will be working on something outside its boundaries,and people from all corners of the world will be deeply involved in the most thrilling adventure that mankind has ever attempted.

Nations with the most advanced knowledge of electronics and the most industrialized (工业化的)will take the lead,but probably many countries will contribute scientists and engineers.Early space colonists will come from all over the world.Space colonies will bring people together for a great international effort.They may be a strong force for peace among all nations.

Life in a colony should be very satisfying.People will have a high standard of living—a pleasant home,plenty of food,unlimited energy,and challenging opportunities.

Many people from earth may prefer to live in space colonies,where the weather can be controlled,days can be made longer or shorter,and seasons can be adjusted to please the population.A person can be weightless,if desire,or live in a region where there is gravity,in surroundings more like those of the earth itself.

Each colony will have its own managers and engineers—people responsible for the operation of the colony.And each person will have a sense of responsibility,an essential part to play in the success of the colony.

The only certainty in the future is that radically new things will be happening.The only way to explore it is to use your imagination.

THE FUTURE THAT NEVER HAPPENED

In the future your automobile will run on water instead of gas! You will be able to buy a supercomputer that fist in your pocket! You might even drive a flying car!

These predictions are some of today’s best guesses about what technology might bring tomorrow.Will these past technology predictions shows that the future isn’t always easy to guess.Many of the high-tech things our parents thought we’d be using by now simply never appeared.

OK,not all past predictions have been proven wrong.A few of them have been surprisingly accurate.Some great thinkers predicted the arrival of the credit card,the fax machine and even the Internet—years before they happened.

But for each prediction that has come true today’s several others have missed by a mile.Many of these predictions didn’t consider how people would want to use the technology.Or if people really needed it in their lives or not.Let’s look at some predictions from the not-too-distant past.

Robot Helpers

Where’s the robot in my kitchen? Nowhere,of course.And he’s probably not coming anytime soon.Robots do exist today,but mostly in factories and other manufacturing environments.

Back in the 1950s,however,people said that by now personal robots would be in most people’s home.

So why hasn’t happened? Probably because robots are still too expensive and clumsy.And maybe the idea of robots cooking our dinners and washing our clothes is just too weird.At home we seem to be doing fine without them.

In the 1950s and 1960s,moon missions challenged our best scientists.They excited people about the potential of new technology.But would we soon be taking holidays on the moon,as some scientists predicted?

Today’s space technology makes visiting the moon possible,but certainly not affordable.The journey would cost a fortune.And even the richest people on earth can’t pay for the trip yet.The world’s space programs have other priorities besides entertaining rich people.

Man first landed on the moon in 1969.But we haven’t been back since 1972!

Telephones of Tomorrow

In 1964 an American company introduced the video telephone.They said by the year 2000 most people would have a video phone in their homes.But of course the idea hasn’t caught on yet.

Why? The technology worked fine,but it overlooked something obvious:peoples desire for privacy.Would you want to have a video phone conversation with someone after you just stepped out of the shower? Probably not—it could be embarrassing! Just because a technology is available doesn’t always mean people will want to use it.

And finally,how about that crazy prediction of the flying car? It’s not so crazy anymore! Say hello to the sky car,will suit public taste.But a flying car remains one of the most fascinating technology ideas to capture our imagination.Keep watching the news—or perhaps the sky outside your window—to see what the future will bring.

prediction(n.)预言；预测;high-tech(adj.)高科技的;

accurate (adj.)准确的；正确的

miss a mile(exp.)误差很大；差距很大;manufacturing(n.)制造业；clumsy(adj.)笨拙的;potential (n.)潜力

fortune(n.)一大笔钱；财富;catch on(v.phr)流行；变得风行

privacy(n.)隐私；delivery(n.)交货；运送taste(n.)爱好；兴趣

supercomputer(n.)超级计算机;fax machine(n.) 传真机

robot(n.)机器人,videotelephone(n.)可视电话

【个性思考】Using your own imagination,what do you think can happen and can’t happen in the future?

In my view, ________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

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