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发布时间：2013-04-08 12:50:19 来源：文档文库

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堂上练习

阅读理解中推测单词、短语或句子的意义的常用方法

Ⅰ.Guess the meaning of the underlined words and underline the clue words.

1. Most of the points of your plan are clear to me, but some are still hazy.模糊不清的（反义词法）

2. Some ships carried cargo, such as coal, oil and military supplies (军用物资), while others carried only passengers. 货物（举例法）

3. The little girl sat on the floor and cried her eyes out for losing her favorite necklace. 号啕大哭（情景法）

4. My father manages money judiciously while my mother manages money unwisely.不明智的（构词法）

5. Shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifts, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them.商铺内盗窃（情景法、释义法）

6. 根据同位语，定语或符号信息猜词义

如同位法：In fact，only about 80 ocelots，an endangered-wild cat。exist in the U．S．today。an endangered—wild cat ocelots的同位部分，所以我们很容易推测出它是一种“野猫”(2005浙江省B篇)。

7. 根据上下文语境和逻辑关系猜词义

例如：A bike tour and race will be held on August 26 and 27 At 5：30am．the riders will have Tian Anmen square and ride the first kilometers as a training leg．Then the next 55 kms leg from Yanjao to Jixian，will be the first competitive part of

the tour．读完该篇通告，可知自行车比赛分热身训练阶段和正式比赛阶段，而无论哪个阶段都用“leg”一词，故不再是“腿”这个意思，而是“赛程”、“路程”(a part of the

tour)。

8. 根据指代关系进行猜测。

(2005全国)The President has started using look—alikes during some public appearances Dave is offered a chance to “serve his country” by becoming one

The underlined word “one” in the third paragraph refers to

A．the President

B．the director C．an actor D．a look—alike

答案：D

9．根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。

(全国)A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle；it can be a basket of fun，according to Beth Anaclerrio, an Evaston mother of two，ages 4 and 18 months

What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean?

A．a party designed by specialists B．a plan requiring careful thought

C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D．a demand made by guests

答案：c

10．根据常理或习俗进行猜测。

(北京)The manager and everyone else who were a step above the box boys often shouted orders．One of these was：you couldn’t accept tips(小费)．Okay，I'm outside and I put the bags in the car．For a lot of people，the natural reaction(反应)is to take a quarter and give it to me．I'd say， “I，m sorry，I can’t．”They’d get angry． When you give someone a tip，you’re sort of being polite. You take a quarter and you put it in their hand you expect them to say， “Oh，thanks a lot．”When you say “I’m sorry，I can’t．”They feel a little put down．

The underlined phrase “put down” in the third paragraph probably means __________

A. misunderstood B．defeated C．hateful D．hurt

答案：D

技巧点拨：根据常理或习俗进行猜测。

Ⅱ. Guess the meaning of the underlined words in paragraphs.

① (’06安徽，C)Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. When resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by, and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on. If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves. A grown lion can easily eat 60 pounds of meat at a single feeding. Often they eat until it seems painful for them to lie down.

6. By describing lions as “opportunists” in the first paragraph, the author means to say that lions .

A. are cruel animals B. are clever animals

C. like to take advantage of other animals D. like to take every chance to eat

②(’04福建，C) Luz, 28, was said to have been convicted of (证明有……罪) shoplifting (商铺内盗窃) by Cambridge judges last October, but Morag Duff, defending(辩护), said she had never been in trouble with the police before that. “She is ashamed and embarrassed(感到难为情的) but doesn’t really have any explanation why she did this,” Miss Duff said. “She didn’t intend to steal when she went into the store. She is at a loss to explain it. She is otherwise a very respectable and intelligent young lady. She went to her doctor and asked for advice because she wants to know if there is anything in particular that caused her to do this.”

7.What does the underlined sentence “She is at a loss to explain it” mean?

A. In her opinion it was a loss to the clothes shops where she stole things.

B. She doesn’t have any idea why she has the desire to steal from shops.

C. She thinks it is a loss for her to explain why she stole things from shops.

D. Personally she feels ashamed and embarrassed for her shoplifting actions.

8. What does the underlined word “this” refer to?

A. went to her doctor

B. went to her doctor and asked for advice

C. shoplifting

D. felt ashamed and embarrassed

③(’06江苏，D)In a recently published book, I came across some exercises with interesting names such as fishbone diagrams, lotus flowers, and clustering. As I used these exercises in my classes, I noticed that students were interested. They said more and wrote more. They enjoyed expressing their ideas and sharing them in groups. They were no longer passively waiting for the bell, but actively took part in the lesson. I find that creativity (创新)can act as a way to increase participation and improve fluency (流利程度).

9. The underlined words "waiting for the bell" in the first paragraph probably mean _________.

A. longing for a phone call B. hoping to have a bell

C. expecting the end of the class D. wanting to speak in class

(2005广东)Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise．Leadership mean power，commands，respect and most important，encourages achievement．Unlike vitamin C．,1eadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down．They must be carefully cultivated．

Different from popular belief，most good leaders are made，not born．They learn their skills in their everyday life．But which do they develop? How do they(and how can you)get others to follow?

The underlined word “cultivated”(paragraph 1)roughly means——．

A-encouraged B·compared C．examined D．developed

答案：D

典型例题

(1)

Richard Tapia，who grew up in a Los Angeles Mexican immigrant community。is now a highly acclaimed(受人喝彩的)mathematics professor at Rice University in Houston．He was six years old when his mother gave an ultimatum(最后通牒)to her five children：they would speak English at home．

Her order hurt family relations，because Some relatives read it in refusal of their Mexican culture．But as the children grew up，four earned graduate degrees from UCLA，Stanford and Yale universities．Today Richard Tapia fully thanked his

mother’s decision．

He said．“I need to be armed with the same tools．The bottom line is this: you can’t go into battle unprepared．” Today，Tapia worries that bilingual education has left millions of minority students defenseless．And he is not alone．From

California to New York，bilingual education is under attack． Many immigrant parents have joined the assault on bilingual education．According to a recent Los Angeles Times poll(民意调查)，84 percent of Latino voters in California support a bill that would get rid of bilingual education in the public school there．That’s even higher than the impressive 80 percent level of support for the bill at national level． 0f 52 million public school students across the United States，more than 3 million，or 7 percent，receive some bilingual education，according to the US Department of Education．

Yet，for many immigrant parents today，the issue has lost its political and social importance．Their concerns are practical：they worry that their children face poor economic future if they are not good at English．They fear that their reason for moving to the United States to make better lives for their children will have been hindered by the very program designed to aid them．

1．The underlined word“assault” in Paragraph 4 most probably means“-------”．

A．attack B．agreement

C．support D．improvement

2．The underlined word “hindered” in the last paragraph probably means“——”．

A．helped B．prevented

C．progressed D．improved

【答案及解析】

主旨：这篇短文的主旨大意是介绍美国洛杉矶84％的拉丁后裔反对双语教育。这些移民的父母带着他们的孩子来美国的目的是想让他们精通英语以至能过上更好的生活。Richard Tapia和他的家人属这一群体，Richard Tapia的母亲决定让她的五个子女们在家里一定要讲英语，事实证明她的决定使Tapia以及兄弟们学业有成，Tapia很感激母亲当时的决定。

1．答案A。词义猜测题。前段讲双语教育受攻击。本句说的许多移民的父母加入这一“assault”之中，由上文语境可猜测出“assault”就是“攻击”的意思，故正确答案

应是A。

2．答案B。词义猜测题。根据前句“这些移民的父母担心的是他们的孩子如果不擅长英语．他们就会面临经济困难。”因此本句的意思是“他们害怕他们移居到美国让

孩子过上更好的生活这一目标会因双语教育这一方案给阻碍。”根据前后文的逻辑关系可猜测出“hindered”的意思是“妨碍”，“阻碍”，故正确答案应选B。

(2)

The six—day festival was the largest yet． The Eighth PC Festival once again confirmed Zhongguancun’s premier place as a marketplace for electronic products．The 8,000-square metre Haidian Exhibition Hall，hosted more than 100 exhibitors under the banner(旗帜)of a “digital(数码的)carnival”．

Fancy MP3 players，digital cameras and digital videos dominated the fine stalls(摊位)，outshining the traditional laptops and desktops．MP3 players proved best sellers．Carnival organizers also showcased some brand-new cars between stalls，

although surely not a single car "was sold．

Big—name exhibitors invited well—known actors or singer． Others put up stages casting pretty teenagers in rock music or presenting live auctions(拍卖)of their latest products．

In addition to the exhibition，the five Zhongguancun markets also held promotions(促销)．The Computer Festival hosted six public meetings for open discussion in Zhongguancun and Shangdi IT Industry base．Themes included the China Creativity Conference and cooperation between China software Industry and Global IT sector．

The theme of the festival was “Zhongguancun, center of China’s creativity．” The dream of converting “Made in China” to “Made by China” is at the heart of the new-look Zhongguancun．

Zhongguancun’s next aim is to make itself the centre of China’s 1T creativity． Zhongguancun businesses invested 29 billion yuan in research and development in 2004． IBM，Microsoft and Intel have set up 40 research units，with most staff locally employed．

Modern office buildings have been built and the roads across Zhonggguancun broadened．A subway stop is under constructionto connect the area with the No.2 loop line．

The call for creativity might take longer despite this hard work done to standardize electronic product sales．

1．The underlined word “dominated” in Paragraph 2 means

A．took

B．were larger in number at

C．1ooked down on

D．was in control of

2．The underlined word “broadened in paragraph 7 means “-----”

A．became shorter

B．became broader

C．was flat

D．was narrow

【答案及解析】

主旨：全文主要介绍了中关村以狂欢节的方式来度过第8个电脑节，来庆祝创造性的成就及其展望未来的目标。

1．答案B。词义猜测题。根据下文：“MP3 has proved best sellers，outshining the traditional laptops and desktops．”可知。MP3以及数码相机等电子产品占有的摊位数量居首位。学生易错选D项，D项是“dominate”(统治，控制)的原始意义。因此根据上下文语境和逻辑关系猜词义是行之有效的。

2．答案B。词义猜测题。这道题是依据构词法来完成的。“broaden”是通过在形容词broad之后加后缀“一en”(使变得)构成的。所以broaden的意思是“变宽”，例如：

deepen(加深)，shorten(缩短)weaken(削弱)，lengthen(使延长)；lessen(减少)。在阅读过程中运用构词法猜测词义是一种重要途径之一。

(3)

Overseas(国外的)students in the UK were reminded earlier this month that British law does not allow them to earn enough money to complete their courses．

The high court in London．backed the refusal of the Home office．Britain’s visa-issuing body．To extend(延长)the visa(签证)of Sri Lankan computer student lndika Ranasinghe．

Ranasinghe entered the UK in August 1999.He was then given a visa extension until August 2004 to study for a computer science bachelor’s degree at the University of Westminster．During this period，he took two years off from college to earn

money for the rest of his studies．In October 2004． his application for a further visa extension was refused．He brought the case to the court．

Ranasinghe’s lawyer Jason Coppel said the refusal was contrary(对立的)to the government’s policy of encouraging overseas students to come to the UK．

But Justice Forbes，the high court judge，ruled the case unarguable．He said，although it may be cruel，the refusal was inevitable for those unable to meet the financial requirements of completing studies．

In court，Jonathan Auburn，for the Home Office，said overseas students are limited to part—time work and cannot save up for their studies by doing full—time work．

1．The underlined word “backed”(in Paragraph 2) probably means“ ”．

A．faced

B．supported

C．disagreed

D．changed

2．The underlined word “inevitable” in the 5th paragraph probably means“____”．

A．sure to happen

B．not reasonable

C．unfair

D．understandable

【答案及解析】

主旨：英国政府的政策是鼓励留学生到英国留学，但英国的法律不允许那些留学生通过中止学业去做全日工作挣足够的钱来继续完成学业。文章以斯里兰卡的一位留学生Indika Ranasinghe为例，他被法院判定拒绝延长签证。通过这个事件，表达英国法院对达不到资金要求的留学生非常严历。

1．答案B。词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第一段和第二段的语言逻辑关系。可推知法院对英国内政部这一签发证机构所作出的决定是表示赞同的，所以“backed”应理解为

“支持”、“赞同”的意思，故B项正确。

2．答案A。词义猜测题。根据前文“Although it may be cruel”，和下文“the refusal was inevitable”之间的让步关系，可推知“inevitable”应理解为“不可避免的，肯定要发生的”，故A项正确。

课后练习

A. （’05 广东，A）

We have two daughters: Kristen is seven years old and Kelly is four. Last Sunday evening, we invited some people home for dinner. I dressed them nicely for the party, and told them that their job was to join Mommy in answering the door when the bell rang. Mommy would introduce them to the guests, and then they would take the guests’ coats upstairs and put them on the bed in the second bedroom.

The guests arrived. I introduced my two daughters to each of them. The adults were nice and kind and said how lucky we were to have such good kids.

Each of the guests made a particular fuss over Kelly, the younger one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile. They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age.

I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big “to do ” over the younger one because she’s the one who seems more easily hurt. We do it with the best of intentions.

But we seldom think of how it might affect the other child. I was a little worried that Kristen would feel she was being outshined. I was about to serve dinner when I realized that she had been missing for twenty minutes. I ran upstairs and found her in the bedroom, crying.

I said, “What are you doing, my dear?”

She turned to me with a sad expression and said, “Mommy, why don’t people like me the way they like my sister? Is it because I’m not pretty? Is that why they don’t say nice things about me as much?”

I tried to explain to her, kissing and hugging her to make her feel better.

Now, whenever I visit a friend’s home, I make it a point to speak to the elder child first.

1. The underlined expression ‘ make a big “to do” over ’(paragraph 4) means _________.

A. show much concern about B. have a special effect on

C. list jobs to be done for D. do good things for

B（’06 福建，A）

Getting paid to talk about the World Cup is a great job. I'm not a football commentator(评员),though-just an English teacher in Japan.

I came to Japan two years ago, and didn't think I would stay, but Japan has that effect on you. People often end up living here longer than they planned. I think it's best to teach in a bigger city where there are other foreigners to mix with, rather than a small town where English teachers often complain of feeling like a goldfish in a bowl. Many people choose to live in Tokyo, of course, which is good for the nightlife factor. But I'd say that for general quality of living, cities of neither too large nor too small, like Sapporo where I live, are better choices.

I teach English privately, which means I'm my own boss. If you want to devote yourself to private teaching, it's well worth doing a TEFL course first, because your lessons will be much better for it. The problem with private teaching is finding students; it took me a year to build up a full schedule(日程表)of private lessons, so I started out teaching in schools part time.

Most of my foreign friends here work full-time for big English conversation schools. The salary is fine to live on. But whether you can save money depends on how much going out and traveling you do here.

The schools are reluctant to take time off -even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.

2. The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that_______.

A. there are many foreigners in Japan

B. Japan is good for nightlife

C. they can teach English privately in Japan

D. Japan has something more attractive than expected

3. The underlined word "reluctant" in the passage may probably mean_____.

A. kind B. unwilling C. free D. careless

C. （’05 全国Ⅱ.C）

Taiwan police cannot decide whether to treat it as an extremely clever act of stealing or an even cleverer cheat (诈骗). Either way, it could be the perfect crime (犯罪)，because the criminals are birds--- homing pigeons!

The crime begins with a telephone message to the owner of a stolen car: if you want the car back, pay up. Then, the car owner is directed to a park, told where to find a bird cage and how to attach money to the neck of the pigeon inside. Carrying the money in a tiny bag, the pigeon flies off.

There have been at least four such pigeon pick-ups in Changwa. What at first seemed like the work of a clever stay-at-home car thief, however, may in fact be the work of an even lazier and more inventive criminal mind--- one that avoids (避免) not only collecting money but going out to steal the car in the first place. Police officer Chen says that the criminal probably has pulled a double trick: he gets money for things he cannot possibly return. Instead of stealing cars, he lets someone else do it and then waits for the car-owner to place an ad (启事) in the newspaper asking for help.

The theory is supported by the fact that, so far, none of the stolen cars have been returned. Also, the amount of money demanded – under 3000 Taiwanese dollars – seems too little for a car worth many times more.

Demands for pigeons-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminals. “We have more important things to do,” he said.

4. The “lazier and more inventive” criminal refers to ____.

A.one of those who put the ads in the paper B.one of the policemen in Changwa

C.the owner of the pigeons D.the car thief who stays at home

5. The writer mentions the fact that “none of the stolen cars have been returned” to show ____.

A.what Chen thinks might be correct B.the thief is extremely clever

C.the money paid is too little D.how easily people get fooled by criminals

6. The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to ____.

A.pigeons B.the stolen cars C.demands for money D.criminals

D. (06浙江D)

Old Computers Make for Unhappy Workers --- Survey

LONDON (Reuters) ----- Dealing with the dissatisfaction of aging and unreliable office computers leads to workers’ unhappiness and more sick leave, a survey showed on Wednesday.

A survey carried out by caro4free.net of over 2,700 European office workers from the UK, France and Germany found that workplace dissatisfaction increased greatly with the age of the computer equipment.

“We do know that job satisfaction is falling in Britain and most advanced nations,” said Stephen White, a researcher from the Work Foundation. “The actual reasons for this are the subject of very heated discussion. It’s certainly one interesting theory that technology may be the cause of this in some way,” White added.

A quarter of these using outdated computers in Britain said they were “quite” or “ very dissatisfied “ with their everyday job compared to the percent of those who had enjoyed an advantage from up-to-date technology.

The survey also said that among workers dealing with outdated equipment, there was a 35 percent greater probability they would take six or more days of sick leave per year compared with the average worker. In France, where more workers use old computers, the probability jumped to 55 percent.

Results also showed that women in the three countries were more likely to be using outdated equipment. In the UK, where more workers have up-to-date computers than in the other countries surveyed, the number of women using old equipment doubled than of men.

White pointed out that there were tow sides to this problem, saying that continuously having to deal with new technology and equipment can also be a source of worry. “Old and faulty equipment is a major cause of office dissatisfaction. There is no question about it; but you also have to say that the frequent change of equipment is also, or could be, a main cause of dissatisfaction.”

7. The underlined word “this” (paragraph 3) refers to ______.

A. workplace dissatisfaction B. computer use in most jobs

C. the aging off office computers D. the survey by care4@ free. net

8. How many office workers use old computers in Britain expressed their dissatisfaction?

A. 16% B. 25% C. 35% D. 55%

9. According to White, why were the women surveyed more likely to use old computers?

A. Most office workers use old computers.

B. They do some of their work with computers.

C. Dealing with new equipment can cause anxiety.

D. They are easier to b satisfied with new technology.

10. What is the subject of the news story?

A. Poor working conditions in offices

B. Research work of the Work Foundation

C. Influence of technology in the workplace.

D. Different attitudes to old computers.

E.( 06浙江A)

Fat and shy, Ben Saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports team. “Football, tennis, cricket--- anything with a round ball, I was useless,” he says now with a laugh. But back then he was the one always made fun of in school gym classes in Devonshire, England.

It was a mountain bike he received for his 15th birthday that changed him. At first he went biking alone in a nearby forest. Then he began to ride the bike along with a runner friend. Gradually, Saunders set up his mind on building up his body, increasing his speed and strength. At the age of 18, he ran his first marathon.

The following year he met John Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgway’s school of adventure in Scotland, where he learnt about Ridgway’s cold-water exploits. Greatly interested, Saunders read all he could about North Pole explorers and adventures, the decided that this would be his future.

In 2001, after becoming a skillful skier, Saunders started his first long-distance expedition towards the North Pole. It took unbelievable energy. He suffered frostbite, ran into a polar bear and pushed his body to the limit, pulling his supply-loaded sled up and over rocky rice.

Saunders has since become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole, and he’s skied more of the North Pole by himself than any other British man. His old playmates would not believe the change.

Next October, Saunders, 27, heads south from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole and back, a 2900-kilometer journey that has never been completed on skis.

11. What change happened to Saunders after he was 15 years old?

A. He became good at most sports. B. He began to build up his body.

C. He joined a sports team. D. He made friends with a runner.

12. The underlined word “exploits” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to ______.

A. journeys B. researches C. adventures D. operations. W

13. Which of the following is the correct order of the events that happened to Saunders?

a. He ran his first marathon. b. He skied alone in the North Pole.

c. He rode his bike in a forest. d. He planned an adventure to the South Pole.

A. a c d b B. c d a b C a c b d D c a b d

14. What does the story mainly tell us abut Saunders?

A. He is a success in sports. B. He is the best British skier.

C. He is Ridgway’s best student. ` D. He is a good instructor at school.

F (2003北京)

Many are turning to other ways of living and down—shifting is one of them .

Six percent of workers in Britain took the decision to downshift last year. One couple who downshifted is Daniel and Liz．They used to work in central London．He was a newspaper reporter and she used to work for an international bank．They would go to work by train every day from their large house in the suburbs(郊区)，leaving their two children with a nanny(保姆)．Most evening Daniel wouldn’t get home until eight or nine o，clock，and nearly twice a month he would have to fly to New York for meetings．They both earned a large amount of money but began to feel that life was passing them by.