魅力海丝行，我是海丝小导游晋江草庵景点中英解说词

发布时间：2020-07-23 00:56:59 来源：文档文库

小中大

字号：

手机查看

草庵解说词

An Introduction to Cao’an Temple

草庵是全国重点文物保护单位（1996年被列为第四批全国重点文物保护单位）,是目前我国保存最完整的摩尼教遗址,有世界上独一无二的摩尼光佛石雕像。

Cao’an Temple is a key relic site under state protection and was listed in the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection sites in 1996. It is the best preserved Manichean relic in China and has the only remaining stone statue of the Prophet Mani in the world.

摩尼教是公元三世纪时由波斯(现伊朗、伊拉克)人摩尼所创立，揉和了佛教、基督教、祆教三种教义而成，凭借着优越的地理位置，很快的就传播到欧、亚、非三大洲，成为世界性的宗教。它崇尚二宗三际理论，二宗指的是光明与黑暗、是与非对立的两个方面；三际指的是过去、现在、未来三个阶段。摩尼教在公元六至七世纪的时候传入中国，教义“崇尚光明、反对黑暗”，也称明教。摩尼教徒认为要改变现状必须通过斗争的手段来实现，它传播的对象是社会的底层百姓，由于在传播过程中收到统治者的压制和打击，是以秘密的方式进行传播的。公元九世纪的时候伴随着泉州海外贸易的兴盛，从海上丝绸之路传播到泉州，当时就传播到这里，在这里建立庵，由于庵是草构的，得名草庵。到了元至元五年（1339年）改为石构，它依山崖而建。

Manichaeism was founded by Prophet Mani in Persia (Iran & Iran in present day) around the 3rd Century. Combined with teachings from other religions, such as Buddhism, Christianity and Zoroastrianism, it thus formed its own theory of “two substances and three time phases”. Two opposite substances means light vs dark, good vs evil, and spiritual world vs material world; while three time phases refer to Past, Present and Future. Thanks to Persia’s geological location and trade activities, Manichaeism was quickly spread to Europe, Asia and Africa and soon became a global religion. Around the 6th to 7th Century, Manichaeism was introduced to China. With its doctrine being “uphold brightness and fight against darkness”, Manichaeism was also called as Ming Jiao in Chinese. Its followers were taught to change the presence status by persistent fighting. Hence it had been well embraced by the poor but rejected by the ruling class, and forced to operate secretly due to the suppression. Manichaeism was introduced to Jinjiang via the Maritime Silk Road in the 9th Century when Jinjiang was having prosperous trading with overseas. A temple was then built with grass straws and known as Cao’an Temple or Grass Temple after its building material. By AD 1339 the temple was rebuilt near the cliff with stone structures.

这是宋代明教会黑釉碗出土处。1979年在这口井里发现好多黑釉碗片，和一个完整的黑釉碗。从完整的这块黑釉碗里，可以清楚地看见阴刻着“明教会”三个字，这块碗现收藏在晋江博物馆，是博物馆的“镇馆之宝”。经考证这些黑釉碗产自晋江磁灶窑，从明教会统一烧制食具，说明当时明教会人多势重，组织严密，宗教活动频繁。

This is the site where black glazed bowls from Song Dynasty were discovered. In 1979 a complete piece of black glazed bowl and much debris was founded in this well. The bowl is engraved with “Ming Jiao Hui” characters and now well kept in Jinjiang Museum. The study on the bowl shows that it was made in Cizao Kiln in Jinjiang. The mass production of such bowls suggests Mingjiao was a well-organized group with many members and activities.

联合国教科文组织海上丝绸之路考察团来草庵考察，这里是每个成员的签名。他们从意大利威尼斯出发沿着海上丝绸之路东行,先后考察了十五个国家。1991年2月16日来到草庵，看到保存完好的摩尼光佛石雕像，认为是这次考察的最大发现和最大成就，具有世界性和历史性的意义。考察团在1997年是再次来到草庵考察。

In 1991 an investigation team on Maritime Silk Road from the UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) visited Cao’an Temple. They saw this perfectly preserved Mani Buddha stone statue and referred it to the most magnificent and significant discovery in Manichaeism history. The team visited Cao’an Temple again in 1997.

这就是世界上独一无二的摩尼光佛石雕像，国际摩尼教研究会（1978年8月）把它做为会徽。它是元至元五年（1339年）由摩尼教徒雕刻的。整个神龛直径1.68米,佛像身高1.52米,宽0.83米。佛像面部圆润，眉毛稍微隆起，朱唇含笑，双耳垂肩，长发披肩，身着对衽的宽袖长袍，端坐在莲花坛上，身后有18道毫光四射纹，象征着光明之神、光明四射的意思。更神秘的是它依照石质的不同颜色浮雕而成，佛像面部草绿色，衣着灰白色，双手粉红色，从平凡中又透出几分神秘。摩尼教本身反对偶像崇拜，传播到了中国后入封随俗，揉合了许多教派的风格，散发披肩、身穿对衽长袍揉合了道教风格，而端坐莲花坛揉合了佛教风格。近代著名高僧弘一法师晚年时曾三顾草庵，在这里留下了许多墨宝。

This is the only Mani Buddha stone statue in the world, the picture of which was adopted as an emblem by the International Manichaeism Institute in August 1978. It was made in AD1339 by Manichean followers. The 1.68 meter shrine houses the stone statute with a height of 1.52 meters and a width of 0.83 meter. The Mani Buddha wears a baggy cloth and keeps long hair, sits on a lotus and with both palms facing upward. These are signs of influence from Taoism and Buddhism in China. The statute was wonderfully carved based on the natural color of the granite stone, rendering a vivid image, such as light blue face, grey clothes and pink hands. On the background of statue, red colors line indicates rays of lights with a symbol of the god of brightness, making the Mani Buddha vivid and mysterious. Master Hongyi, a famous artist, educator, thinker and innovator in China, had been to Cao’an three times in his later years and left many typical calligraphy works in the temple.

“劝念清净光明大力智慧无上至真摩尼光佛”是摩尼教的教义（咒语），于明正统十年（1445年）雕刻。摩尼教传入中国后跟中国历史发展紧紧联系在一起，北宋的方腊农民起义是靠摩尼教发动；明太祖朱元璋他也靠明教发动起义夺取政权，并把“明”字定为国号，后来又怕别人也利用明教发动起义，威胁他的政权，便以“明教教名上逼大明国号”的理由，下令封杀明教，从此明教便一蹶不振，草庵能得以保存，也许是地处偏僻的原因。

A stone carved in 1445 AD of Ming Dynasty, with teaching and praise of Mani, says “Admonition, Peace and Brightness, Strength and Wisdom, Supreme truth, Mani Buddha.” Manichaeism played an important part in the history of Ming Dynasty, and helped the founder Zhu Yuanzhang to win the war and build a Dynasty which shared the same name of Ming. However Manichaeism was suppressed as a potential rival to the emperor. This temple was persevered thanks to its remote location.

草庵(2002年)被列为“海上丝绸之路：泉州史迹”申报世界遗产的考察点。阿拉伯联盟驻华使节团、伊朗文化交流团先后到草庵考察。（2002—2003年）联合国遗址理事会前总干事亨利博士和联合国遗址总协调员尤嘎博士也莅临草庵考察，对草庵的历史价值给予高度的评价。（2004年11月），著名武侠大师也到草庵参观，并欣然题词“熊熊尊火光明之神”。

Cao’an Temple was listed as an important site in the application of world heritage “Maritime Silk Road: Quanzhou History” in year 2002. Delegates from League of Arab States and culture exchange group from Iran visited Cao’an Temple. Dr. Henry, the former Secretary General of International Council on Monuments and Sites（ICOMOS）and Dr. Jukka, the chief coordinator, visited Cao’an Temple and spoke highly of its historical value. Mr. Jinyong, a famous martial arts novelist, also visited the temple and left an inscription of “Burning Fire, God of Light”.