Unit 5 First aid知识讲解 语言点

发布时间:2018-01-24 12:52:46   来源:文档文库   
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Unit 5 First aid

编稿:牛新阁 审稿:王春霞

学习目标

重点词汇

aid, injury, poisonvariety, electric, swell, damage, stick, treatapply

重点短语

fall ill,  in place, a number of, put ones hands on, over and over again, squeeze out, make a difference

重点句型

系表结构get done

强调句

知识讲解

重点短语

aid

【原句回放】First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found. 急救是在医生到来之前对突然生病的人或受伤者的一种暂时的救助。

【点拨】aid n./ vt. 援助,救助,帮助

  1. 用作名词的aid,还可以表示“有帮助的事物”或辅助手段等。

An English dictionary is an important aid in learning English.

    英语词典是重要的学习英语的工具。

    Teachers give their lessons with the aid of computers. 老师们借助于计算机讲课。

    He raised money in aid of the sick. 他筹款帮助病人。

2. 用作动词aid

   常用搭配:

aid sb in/ with sth. 在某事上帮助某人

aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事

   I aided the people who suffered from the big earthquake with money.

    我用钱来援助在地震中受灾的人们。

    Vitamin C aids in the absorption of iron. 维生素C有助于铁的吸收。

Weve aided him to finish the work ahead of time.

= Weve aided him in finishing the work ahead of time.

我们已帮助他们提前完成了工作。

【拓展1常用含aid短语:

  first aid 急救;        in aid of 用于援助

  with the aid of 借助于     give / offer aid 援助

  come to sbs aid 帮助某人  cut off aid (突然) 终止援助

  medical aid 医疗救护     a hearing aid 助听器

  teaching aids 教具

【拓展2辨析:aid, assisthelp

1. aid指受助者处境困难或危险,急需“援助”或“救助”,常用于aid sb. in/ with sth.结构。

2. assist 着重指“协作”,帮助做部分事情,尤其是不很重要的部分,常用于assist (sb.) in/ with sth.assist (sb.) in doing sth.结构。

3. help含义较广,帮助可大可小,强调受助者对帮助的需要,常用于help sb. with sth. help sb. (to) do sth.结构中。

Would you be kind enough to assist me in the experiment?

能麻烦你在这个实验中协助我吗?

Cleaner water will help prevent disease. 更纯净的水有助于防止疾病。

injury

【原句回放】Often the illness or injury is not serious, but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives. 通常这种病或伤势并不严重,但是在一些情况下迅速给予急救能挽救生命。

【点拨】injury n. 伤害,损害;损伤,伤口(表示对情感的伤害时,不可数,常用于法律)

  常用搭配:

  suffer an injury 受到伤害  

escape/ avoid an injury 没有受伤

do an injury to sb. = do sb. an injury 对某人有害

  She has recovered from the injures suffered in the accident.

  她已经从事故中受到的伤害中恢复过来了。

  What he said was an injury to her fame. 他说的话是在玷污她的名声。

【拓展】 injure vt. 使受伤,伤害,伤(某人的自尊、名誉等),常用被动语态。

  常用短语:get /be injured受伤

  There were two people injured in the car accident. 这次汽车事故中有两个人受伤。

  Your remark may injure her pride. 你的话也许会伤了她的自尊。

注意:injure, hurtwound的区别:

1. injure 多指意外事故中受伤;也表示伤害某人的自尊等。

2. hurt常指因不小心或意外引起的伤害,更强调这种身体伤害引起的疼痛,也可指对人的感情的伤害。

3. wound指利器或枪炮等使人受伤,也可指使某人不快或心烦的情感伤害

I hurt my finger in the door. 我的手指被门挤了。

I was very much hurt at his words. 他的话伤透了我的心。

Nothing hurts more than a bad tooth. 没有比牙痛更痛的了。

50 people were seriously wounded in the attack. 袭击中有50人受重伤

poison

【原句回放】You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays. 皮肤有三层,可以防病、防毒、抵御太阳的有害光线的侵害。

【点拨】1. poison n. 毒药,毒物

The plant contains a deadly poison. 这种植物含有剧毒。

Anger and hatred are poisons that destroy a person’s emotional life.

愤怒和仇恨是摧毁人的情感生活的毒药。

2. poison vt. 杀死,毒死,毒化,对......有不良影响

I hate these violent videos that poison the minds of the young.

我讨厌这些毒害年轻人心灵的暴力录像。

The king feared that someone had poisoned his food. 国王害怕有人给他的食物下毒。

【拓展】poisonous adj. 有毒的

poisonous mushrooms / snakes 毒蘑菇/ 毒蛇

variety

【原句回放】You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, ... 你可能因多种情况受伤:灼热的液体、水蒸汽......

【点拨】variety n. 不同种类,多种式样;多样化,综艺节目

常用短语a variety of 多种的,各种各样的

There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from. 有各种各样的图案从中选择。

I was impressed by the variety of dishes on offer. 我对出售中的各式餐具印象很深。

There was little she could do to add variety to her daily routine.

她无法给单调的日常生活增添些趣味。

【拓展】various adj. 各种各样的

vary v. 使多样化,(使)变化,不同

electric

【原句回放】Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. 例如由电击引起的烧伤,因衣服起火引起的烧伤,或因汽油起火引起的严重烧伤。

【点拨】electric adj.电的,用电的,一般指用电作动力的

  an electric kettle 电水壶 an electric razor电剃刀

    electric shock 触电,电休克

【拓展1electricity n. 电,电力

     electronics n. 电子学

【拓展2对比:electricelectricalelectronic

三个词是形容词:

  electric 多指用电作为动力的。

  electrical表示与电力生产或使用相关的。

  electronic电子的,电子器件的

  如:an electrical fault 电力故障 an electrical engineer 电力工程师

    This heavy freighter is driven by two electric motors.

    这艘沉重的货船由两个电动发动机驱动。

     The electric cooker isnt working because of an electrical fault.

     由于电力故障电炉不能使用了。

     The boys are crazy about electronic music. 这些男孩酷爱电子音乐。

swell

【原句回放】First degree burns: dry, red and mildly swollen 一度烧伤:干燥、发红、微肿

【点拨】swell v. (使)膨胀;隆起。注意其过去式、过去分词是swelledswollen

His ankle was already starting to swell. 他的脚踝已经开始肿了。

The heavy rain swelled the river. 大雨使河水上涨。

【拓展】swollen adj. 肿胀的,膨胀的

The swollen balloon burst itself. 涨起的气球破了。

【高清课堂:Unit 5词汇精讲damage

damage

【原句回放】Third degree burns: little or no pain if nerves are damaged ... 三度烧伤:若损坏了神经,则没有疼痛或轻微疼痛......

【点拨】1. damage v. 损坏,损伤,使......受损失

Many buildings and cars had been damaged in the blast.

爆炸中许多建筑物和汽车损坏了。

His political reputation has been seriously damaged in recent years by the scandal.

他的政治声誉最近几年由于丑闻受到了严重的损害。

2. damage n. 损害,损失,破坏。是不可数名词。

常见搭配:do damage to ......造成损害,损失

A fire had caused serious damage to their flat. 大火给他们的公寓造成了巨大的损失。

Her careless remark did damage to her reputation.

她说话不谨慎,这对她的名声造成了损害。

【拓展】damaging adj. 有破坏性的,损害的

Smoking is damaging to your health. 吸烟对你的身体有害。

stick

【原句回放】Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. 除非衣物粘在烧伤面上,否则就把它脱掉。如果需要的话,可以使用剪刀。

【点拨】stick v. 粘贴,插入,放,卡住。注意其过去式和过去分词是stuck

He folded the papers and stuck them in his desk drawer.

他叠好这些文件,随意放置在书桌的抽屉。

Dont forget to clip the token and stick it on your card.

不要忘了剪下礼券币,贴到你的卡上。

The incident stuck in my mind 这件事一直在我心里萦绕不去。

常见短语:stick to 紧跟,坚持,遵守,

注意to是介词。后接动词时要接动词-ing形式。

We said wed give her the cash, and we must stick to our agreement.

我们说我们会给她现金,但是我们必须严格执行我们的协议。

If everyone sticks to the rules, we shouldn’t have any problems.

如果每个人都遵守法规,我们不会有什么问题的。

【拓展】stick n. 小树枝,棒状物,手杖

get the wrong end of the stick 误解

treat

【原句回放】John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade’s hands. 约翰就用这些东西把斯莱德手上最严重的伤口包扎起来。

【点拨】treat vt. 治疗;对待;看待;款待,请客

  常用搭配:

treat ... as... ......看作......

  treat sb. to dinner/an ice-cream /a theatre请某人吃饭/吃冰淇淋/看戏

This boy is being treated for a heart condition. 这个男孩正在接受心脏病治疗。

  Children are taught to treat their parents and teachers with honour.

  孩子们受到要尊重父母师长的教育。

  He treated his mistake as a joke. 他把自己的错误看玩笑。

  Why not treat me to an ice-cream? 你为什么不请我吃冰淇淋呢?

【拓展】treatment n. 待遇;处理;治疗

receive treatment 接受治疗

   under (medical) treatment 在治疗中

apply

【原句回放】He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived. 他使劲地按住伤口,使血流得慢些,一直等到警察和救护车的到来。

【点拨】apply vt. / vi. 施加,应用,适用申请

常用短语:

apply to 适用于; 运用于;涉及到

  apply sth. to ....../敷在......施于;......运用于

   apply oneself to致力于, 集中精力做某事

apply for申请; 请求, 接洽

Pressure applied to the wound will stop the bleeding. 压迫伤口会止血。

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