SCRIPT
Track 7-1
1: A lot of people think going outside with wet hair will make you sick. But, in fact, illnesses like a cold or the flu are caused by a virus, not going outside with a wet head.
2: “An apple a day keeps the doctor away,” says the saying, and yes, apples are high in vitamins and they’re low in fat. But there are over four teaspoons of sugar in every apple, so eating too many can be bad for your teeth. Eating different types of fruit and vegetables every day is what really keeps the doctor away.
3: Eating food cooked in oil isn’t bad for your skin—unless you eat too much of it. In fact, the right type of oil is good for your health. For example, research shows that olive oil may prevent dangerous diseases like cancer, including skin cancer.
4: Many of us spend a lot of time looking at computer, phone, and TV screens every day. For most people, looking at these devices doesn’t make their eyesight worse, but it can cause headaches. To avoid this problem, research shows it’s good to look away from the screen every few minutes.
1. An apple a day keeps the doctor away：最早出现在英国威尔士的谚语，也可说Eat an apple on going to bed, and you’ll keep the doctor from earning his bread。
2. olive oil：橄榄油，在地中海沿岸国家有几千年的历史，在西方被誉为“液体黄金”、“植物油皇后”。
3. make one’s eyesight worse：使视力变差
Track 7-2
A: Hey, are you okay?
B: No, I think I’m getting sick. I have a sore throat.
A: You ought to go home and rest.
B: Yeah, I think I will.
A: And try drinking hot tea with honey.
B: Will that really help?
A: It always works for me, and in fact, research shows that honey can relieve a sore throat.
1. relieve a sore throat：缓解咽喉痛（蜂蜜有抗菌消炎、散痛止痒等功效）
2.
SCRIPT
Track 7-3
How long can humans live? In most developed countries, people are now living an average of 75 years. But scientists are trying to find ways to lengthen our lives—perhaps to 120 years or older—and to help us remain young as we age.
To do this, scientists are studying special groups of people around the world. These people seem to be immune to certain diseases that shorten our lives. Some Ecuadorians, for example, have a gene that seems to prevent dangerous diseases like cancer and diabetes. Japanese American men also seem to have a special gene that lowers their chance of getting cancer and heart disease. Learning how these genes work could help extend life for us all and keep us healthier, too.
1. lengthen our lives —perhaps to 120 years or older：科学家普遍认为人类的“天年”是120岁，但某个衰竭的器官会成为“木桶上最短的那块木板”。
2. as we age：当我们岁数变大的时候
3. be immune to certain diseases：对某些疾病免疫
4. gene：生物体的生、长、衰、病、老、死等一切生命现象都与基因（遗传因子）有关。
5. diabetes：糖尿病
6. extend life：延长寿命
SCRIPT
Track 7-4
F: Listen to this: “Living to one hundred twenty or older seems like it’ll be possible in the future. A recent study done in the U.S. says that by 2050 almost half a million people in the U.S alone will be over one hundred years old.”
M: Wow, almost half a million? That’s amazing.
F: Yes, it’s impressive, but do you really think living to one hundred twenty is a good idea?
M: Why not? We’ll have more time in our lives to do things. How can that be bad?
F: Well, I just don’t know … Living longer doesn’t necessarily mean living better, does it? You’ll live most of your life as an older person. And many older people have health problems.
M: Yes, but scientists are working all the time to cure diseases like cancer and to slow the aging process, so we’ll be healthier and we’ll age better.
F: I know what you mean, but I think that living to one hundred twenty isn’t good for our planet. We already have over seven billion people on Earth. If more people are going to live longer, will we have enough natural resources?
M: That’s a good point, but I still think living to one hundred twenty sounds good to me.
1. by 2050 almost half a million people in the U.S alone will be over one hundred years old：据报道，美国的全球大脑研究所正在研究人类的进化，预计到2050年，人类的寿命将大幅提高。
2. doesn’t necessarily mean：并不一定意味着
3. health problems：健康方面的问题
SCRIPT
Track 7–5
F: Listen to this: “Living to 120 or older seems like it’ll be possible in the future. A recent study done in the U.S. says that by 2050 almost half a million people in the U.S. alone will be over 100 years old.”
M: Wow, almost half a million? That’s amazing.
F: Yes, it’s impressive, but do you really think living to 120 is a good idea?
M: Why not? We’ll have more time in our lives to do things. How can that be bad?
F: Well, I just don’t know … Living longer doesn’t necessarily mean living better, does it? You’ll live most of your life as an older person. And many older people have health problems.
M: Yes, but scientists are working all the time to cure diseases like cancer and to slow the aging process, so we’ll be healthier and we’ll age better.
F: I know what you mean, but I think that living to 120 isn’t good for our planet. We already have over 7 billion people on Earth. If more people are going to live longer, will we have enough natural resources?
M: That’s a good point, but I still think living to 120 sounds good to me.
1. by 2050 almost half a million people in the U.S alone will be over one hundred years old：据报道，美国的全球大脑研究所正在研究人类的进化，预计到2050年，人类的寿命将大幅提高。
2. doesn’t necessarily mean：并不一定意味着
3. health problems：健康方面的问题
Questions:
1. Which statement is true according to the recent study done in the U.S.?
2. Why is the woman so pessimistic about the prospect of a much longer human life span?
3. Which one is not among the reasons why living a long life is a good idea for the man?
SCRIPT
Now Hear This
Narrator:
A team at Massachusetts General Hospital is working on growing an ear in a lab to help patients needing transplants.
Katherine Kulig:
“What we’re looking at is our mouse with a half-sized human ear on its back.”
Narrator:
The ear that was grown in the lab is put onto the back of a mouse.
Katherine Kulig:
“It does look a little bizarre. But, the whole purpose of this is to see if it maintains its shape, it maintains, um, its structure. It’s our first step into essentially what we would be putting into a human.”
“These ears are the adult-sized ears, and these will be used for the next stage of experimentation.”
“The nice thing about engineering ears first, out of any other organ in the body, is that they don’t require all of the blood vessels that the rest of the organs in the human body require. So, therefore the ear is one of the easier organs to start with.”
Narrator:
But from this man’s point of view, ears are not so simple. He is making the metal support structure for a scaffold. It is made of special wire.
Ears have a complicated shape. So the first step is to create a shape that looks real. Also, it’s important to create the inner part of the ear correctly so that hearing will be possible.
This is a digital model of an ear. It is exactly the size and shape of a human ear that the doctors need.
Next, different types of living ear cells and food for the cells are added to the scaffold. Then the scaffold is put into a machine called a bioreactor. The inside of the bioreactor is similar to the human body. The ear cells will grow and survive here, like they were attached to a real human body.
It takes approximately two weeks to grow a living ear in the bioreactor.
The ear grown in the lab is the first step to human transplantation.
1. work on：从事
2. patients needing transplants：器官移植最早的提出者是美国医生卡雷尔。1954年第一例肾移植成功。
3. to start with：以…开始
4. point of view：观点
5. be attached to：被附着到…上
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