as的用法

近几年高考试卷中有关as一词的题目出现过很多次，其中as或是最佳选项，或是干扰项，或是题干中的关键信息点，涉及到as作为连词、介词、关系代词、副词以及习语等各种用法。现结合高考真题将as的用法归纳如下：

　　

　　一、用作连词的as

　　

　　1. 引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，其用法与when和while类似。例如：As a child (When he was a child), she was sent to six different schools.此用法中as多表示从句与主句动作同时进行，意为“一边……一边……”，一般不与状态动词连用。例如：She sang songs as she did her homework.

　　as 还可以表示一动作紧接着另一动作发生，说明另一动作的结果，有“随着……”的含义。例如：As time went by, we found he was an honest man./As he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening.

　　例1 It wasn’t until nearly a month later________ I received the manager’s reply.

　　A. since B. when C. as D. that

　　解析：本题的as中与when一起作为干扰项，容易使考生往时间状语从句上思考，事实上本题是强调句，正确选项是D。

　　2.引导原因状语从句，表示“由于，因为”，相当于because, 但通常置于句首。例如：

　　As he is a qualified doctor, I trust his advice on medical matters.

　　例2 _____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.

　　A. While B. SinceC. AsD. If

　　解析：本题中as干扰性很强，很多考生误以为是原因状语从句，但仔细分析不难发现正确答案应是A（while表示“只要”）。

　　3.引导让步状语从句，通常可与although或though通用，但语序不同，although或though用于句首，as用于倒装结构。例如：Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow. /Although（或Though）I am young, I already know what career I want to follow.

　　as 表示让步用于倒装结构，通常将从句的表语、状语或动词前置。如果表语有冠词a/an, 需去掉。例如：Great scholar as he is, he is lacking in common sense./Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you./Try as he would, he couldn’t open the door.

　　例3 _____ he has limited technical knowledge, the older worker has a lot of experience.

　　A. SinceB. Unless C. AsD. Although

　　解析：as 虽然有引导让步状语从句用法，但本题不是倒装结构，故正确答案应是D。

　　4.引导方式状语从句，表示“如，像”。例如：When in Rome, do as Romans do./Do to others as you would have others do to you.

　　例4 We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite ________ as planned.

　　A. make outB. turn out C. go onD. come up

　　解析：本题考查动词词组辨析，题干中的“as planned”给同学们提供了重要信息，答案选B。

　　 5.固定句型：“主句，as +be/do+主语”表示“也一样”。例如：She’s unusually tall, as are both her parents./He’s a doctor, as was his wife before she had children.

　　

　　二、用作介词的as

　　

　　1.表示“如，像”。例如：They got united as one man./She spoke of me as her dearest friend.

　　2.表示“作为、当作”。例如：As a League member, you should think more of others./After graduating from the college, he firstly worked as a clerk in a big company.

　　3.与某些动词搭配，表示“把……当作……”，如：look on…as…, regard…as…, treat…as…, consider…as…, think of…as…, see…as…等。其中consider…as…中的as可以省略。as与famous或known搭配，表示“作为……而出名”。

　　例5 Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.

　　A. knowingB. known C. being knownD. to be known

　　解析：如果熟悉be known as这一短语，运用有关非谓语动词的常识，可选出正确答案B。

　　

　　三、用作关系代词的as

　　

　　1.引导限制性定语从句，先行词前通常有as, so, such, same等修饰语。例如：He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find./My hometown is no longer the same as it used to be./As many people as are present will be given a present.在此种用法中，同学们要注意与结果状语从句的区别。比如：A: The teacher asked us such a difficult question that none of us could answer it.B: The teacher asked us such a difficult question as none of us could answer.A句为结果状语从句，而B句则是定语从句。2.引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代整个主句（即先行句），表示“这一事实，那一情况”。从句可以位于句首、句中或句末。例如：We stand when the national anthem is played, as is the custom.

　　例6 ______ I explained on the telephone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.

　　A. When B. After C. As D. Since

　　解析：根据句意，选项C是正确答案。as表现的正是本点所讲用法。

　　例7 _______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.

　　A. AsB. That C. ThisD. It

　　解析：本题中的as项干扰性很强，容易误选。实际上句中that引导的应是真正的主语从句，it充当形式主语，故选D。如果将题干中的that换为逗号，则必须选as。

　　例8 Danby left word with my secretary ________ he would call again in the afternoon.

　　A. whoB. thatC. asD. which

　　解析：that引导的从句是word的同位语，本题应选B。as无此用法，起干扰作用。

　　

　　四、用作副词的as

　　

　　修饰形容词或副词，表示程度，意为“同样地”。例如：He swims fast, but I swim just as fast. 但它通常构成表示比较的结构“as…as…”，“not as…as…”。此结构中第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词。否定结构中的副词as可以由so代替。as…as possible /one can也属于此用法。例如：It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science./The movie was not as good as I had expected./I play tennis as well as him .

　　

　　五、用在习语中的as

　　

　　由as构成的习语很多，常见的有：as soon as “一……就”，引导时间状语从句；as/so long as “只要”引导条件状语从句；as if/though “好像，仿佛”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句；as to/ as for “至于，就……而言”；as much/many as“多达……”；as/so far as “就……的限度”；as a result，as a result of “（由于……的）结果”；as a matter of fact“事实上”；as well “也、还”；A as well as B“不但A而且B”；as it is“照现状看，看样子”，等等。这些习语在高考中可能经常遇到，在高考题中有的作为正确选项，有的作为干扰项，有的出现在题干，值得同学们认真掌握。例如：

　　例9 I would like a job which pays more, but ______ I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.

　　A. in other wordsB. on the other hand C. for one thing D. as a matter of fact

　　解析：选项D极具干扰意义，但进一步研读会发现本题中的两个分句表达了一件事的两个对立面，故选B。

　　例10 ——People should stop using their cars and start using public transport.

　　——______. The roads are too crowded as it is.

　　A. All right B. Exactly C. Go aheadD. Fine

　　解析：本题选项中虽没有as内容，但题干中的as it is却是解题的关键信息，正确选项为B。

　　例11 Maggie has been fortunate to find a job she loves and, _____, she gets well paid for it.

　　A. sooner or later B. what’s more C. as a result D. more or less

　　解析：本题后一个分句不表示结果，而是递进，故选B，而不是C。

　　例12 The winter of 1990 was extremely bad. _______ most people say it was the worst winter of their lives.

　　A. At last B. In factC. In a wordD. As a result

　　解析：选项D. As a result起干扰作用，正确选项为B。

　　以上所总结的是as一词在教材中出现的主要用法及在高考卷中的具体应用，可以看出它词性多，词义广，用法灵活。同学们在复习中一定要理清思路，抓住重点，应用时仔细分析上下文，弄清逻辑关系，才能作出正确选择。

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