中国非物质文化遗产：二十四节气
China’s ’24 solar terms’ is a knowledge system and social practice formed through observations of the sun’s annual motion, and cognition of the year’s changes in season, climate and phenology.
中国的二十四节气是一种知识体系和社会实践习惯，通过观察太阳的周年运动，以及认识一年在季节、气候和物候方面的变化而形成。
The ancient Chinese divided the sun’s annual circular motion into 24 segments. Each segment was called a specific ‘Solar Term’.The 24 terms include Start of Spring, Rain Water, Awakening of Insects, Spring Equinox, Clear and Bright, Grain Rain, Start of Summer, Grain Buds, Grain in Ear, Summer Solstice, Minor Heat, Major Heat, Start of Autumn, End of Heat, White Dew, Autumn Equinox, Cold Dew, Frost’s Descent, Start of Winter, Minor Snow, Major Snow, Winter Solstice, Minor Cold and Major Cold.
中国古人将太阳周年运动轨迹划分为24等份，每一等份为一个“节气”。二十四节气包括立春、雨水、惊蛰、春分、清明、谷雨、立夏、小满、芒种、夏至、小暑、大暑、立秋、处暑、白露、秋分、寒露、霜降、立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒。
The element of Twenty-Four Solar Termsoriginated in the Yellow River reaches of China. The criteria for its formulation were developed through the observation of changes of seasons, astronomy and other natural phenomena in this region and has been progressively applied nationwide.
二十四节气形成于黄河流域，以观察这一区域的天象、气温、降水和物候的时序变化为基准，逐步为全国各地所采用。
It starts from the Beginning of Spring and ends with the Greater Cold, moving in cycles. The element has been transmitted from generation to generation and used traditionally as a timeframe to direct production and daily routines. It remains of particular importance to farmers for guiding their practices.
始于立春，终于大寒，周而复始，是中国人世代相传的生产和日常生活的时间指南，对指导农民的农事活动尤为重要。
Having been integrated into the Gregorian calendar, it is used widely by communities and shared by many ethnic groups in China. Some rituals and festivities in China are closely associated with the Solar Terms for example, the First Frost Festival of the Zhuang People and the Ritual for the Beginning of Spring in Jiuhua. The terms may also be referenced in nursery rhymes, ballads and proverbs.
二十四节气被标注在通用日历中，为中国民众广泛使用，并为多民族共享。中国的一些仪式和节庆也与二十四节气息息相关，如壮族霜降节、九华立春祭等。二十四节气也被编入一些谣谚中。
The “24 solar terms” was added to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) world intangible cultural heritage list in 2017.These various functions of the element have enhanced its viability as a form of intangible cultural heritage and sustain its contribution to the community’s cultural identity.
2017年，中国“二十四节气”被列入联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)世界非物质文化遗产名录。这一遗产项目的多种功能增强了其作为一种非物质文化遗产的存续力，并使其持续为社区的文化认同做贡献。
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