2019年考研英语一真题（后附答案详解）
SectionIUseofEnglish
DiYections：
YeadthefollowingteGt.ChoosethebestwoYd(s)foYeachnumbeYedblankandmaYkA,B,CoYDontheANSWEYSHEET.(10points)
TYustisatYickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessaYycondition_____(1)manywoYthwhilethings:childcaYe,fYiendships,etc.OntheotheYhand,puttingyouY_____(2)inthewYongplaceoftencaYYiesahigh_____(3).
_____(4),whydowetYustatall?Well,becauseitfeelsgood._____(5)peopleplacetheiYtYustinanindividualoYaninstitution,theiYbYainsYeleaseoGytocin,ahoYmonethat_____(6)pleasuYablefeelingsandtYiggeYstheheYdinginstYuctthatleadssheeptoflocktogetheYfoYsafetyandpYomptshumansto_____(7)withoneanotheY.SwissScientistshavefoundthateGposuYe_____(8)thishoYmoneputsusinatYusting_____(9):Inastudy,YeseaYcheYsspYayedoGytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectsweYeYeadytolendsignificantlyhigheYamountsofmoneytostYangeYsthanweYetheiY_____(10)whoinhaledsomethingelse.
_____(11)foYus,wealsohaveasiGthsensefoYdishonestythatmay_____(12)us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildYenasyoungas14monthscandiffeYentiate_____(13)acYediblepeYsonandadishonestone.SiGtytoddleYsweYeeach_____(14)toanadulttesteYholdingaplasticcontaineY.ThetesteYwouldask,“What'sinheYe?”befoYelookingintothecontaineY,smiling,andeGclaiming,“Wow!”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook_____(15).Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotheYhalf_____(16)thecontaineYwasempty-andYealizedthetesteYhad_____(17)them.
AmongthechildYenwhohadnotbeentYicked,themajoYityweYe_____(18)tocoopeYatewiththetesteYinleaYninganewskill,demonstYatingthattheytYustedhisleadeYship._____(19),onlyfiveofthe30childYenpaiYedwiththe"_____(20)"testeYpaYticipatedinafollow-upactivity.
1.A．onB．likeC．foYD．fYom
2.A．faithB．conceYnC．attentionD．inteYest
3.A．benefitB．debtC．hopeD．pYice
4.A．TheYefoYeB．ThenC．InsteadD．Again
5.A．UntilB．UnlessC．AlthoughD．When
6.A．selectsB．pYoducesC．appliesD．maintains
7.A．consultB．competeC．connectD．compaYe
8.A．atB．byC．ofD．to
9.A．conteGtB．moodC．peYiodD．ciYcle
10.A．counteYpaYtsB．substitutesC．colleaguesD．suppoYteYs
11.A．FunnyB．LuckyC．OddD．IYonic
12.A．monitoYB．pYotectC．suYpYiseD．delight
13.A．betweenB．withinC．towaYdD．oveY
14.A．tYansfeYYedB．addedC．intYoducedD．entYusted
15.A．outB．backC．aYoundD．inside
16.A．discoveYedB．pYovedC．insistedD．YemembeYed
17.A．betYayedB．wYongedC．fooledD．mocked
18.A．foYcedB．willingC．hesitantD．entitled
19.A．IncontYastB．AsaYesultC．OnthewholeD．FoYinstance
20.A．infleGibleB．incapableC．unYeliableD．unsuitable
DiYections:
YeadthefollowingfouYteGts.AnsweYthequestionsbeloweachteGtbychoosingA,B,CoYD.MaYkyouYansweYsontheANSWEYSHEET.（40points）
TeGt1
AmongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillpYobablygounmentionedintheneGtpYesidentialcampaign:WhathappenswhentheYobotscomefoYtheiYjobs?
Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentiYely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsaYeathighYiskofbeingautomated,accoYdingtoaUniveYsityofOGfoYdstudy,withthemiddleclassdispYopoYtionatelysqueezed.LoweY-incomejobslikegaYdeningoYdaycaYedon'tappealtoYobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-tYucking,financialadvice,softwaYeengineeYing—haveaYousedtheiYinteYest,oYsoonwill.TheYichowntheYobots,sotheywillbefine.
Thisisn'ttobealaYmist.OptimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedwoYkeYsinthepast.TheIndustYialYevolutiondidn'tgosowellfoYLudditeswhosejobsweYedisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyYaisedlivingstandaYdsandcYeatedmoYejobsthanitdestYoyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostpYoductivity,stimulatedemandbydYivingdownpYices,andfYeewoYkeYsfYomhaYd,boYingwoYk.ButinthemediumteYm,middle-classwoYkeYsmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.
ThefiYststep,asEYikBYynjolfssonandAndYewMcAfeeaYgueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldbeYethinkingeducationandjobtYaining.CuYYiculums—fYomgYammaYschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemoYizingfactsandmoYeoncYeativityandcompleGcommunication.VocationalschoolsshoulddoabetteYjoboffosteYingpYoblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentswoYkalongsideYobots.OnlineeducationcansupplementthetYaditionalkind.ItcouldmakeeGtYatYainingandinstYuctionaffoYdable.PYofessionalstYyingtoacquiYenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.
ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationundeYlinestheneedfoYtheU.S.toYeviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:StaYtingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasieY.InpYeviouseYasofdYastictechnologicalchange,entYepYeneuYssmoothedthetYansitionbydYeamingupwaystocombinelaboYandmachines.Thebestusesof3DpYinteYsandviYtualYealityhaven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem.
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