词汇学名词解释,复习提纲
发布时间：2023-04-05 11:50:23 来源：文档文库
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第一章：Awordcanbedefinedasafundamentalunitofspeechandaminimumfreeform;withaunityofsoundandmeaning,capableofperformingagivensyntacticfunctionThedevelopmentofEnglishVocabulary.①OldEnglish(OE(449-1100OEischracterizedbythefrequentuseofcompounds.SomeOEcompoundsinvolvingalliterationhavesurvivedinModernEnglish.About85%ofOEwordsarenoIongerinuse.②MiddleEnglish(1100-1500MEischaracterizedbythestronginfluenceofFrenchfollowingtheNormanConquestin1066.(lawandgovernmentaladministration③ModernEnglish(1500-thepresentTherapidgrowthofpresent-dayEnglishvocabularyanditscauses：A.markedprogressofscienceandtechnology(software,hardwareB.socio-economic,politicalandculturalchanges(creditcard,fringebenefit,pressurecookerC.influenceofotherculturesandIanguages(maotai,sputnikclassificationofEnglishwordsaccordingtodifferentcriteria1.Byorigin:nativewordsandloanwords。Nativewords(Anglo-SaxonoriginofOELoanwords(borrowedfromotherIanguagefeaturesofbasicwordstock:1.Nationalcharacter2.Stability3.Word-formingability4.Abilitytoformcollocations.2.Bylevelofusage(1Commonwords:stylisticallyneutral,appropriateinbothformalandinformalwritingandspeech(2Literarywords:chieflyusedinwriting,especiallyinbookswritteninamoreelevatedstyle,inofficialdocuments,orinformalspeeches.A.archaicwords:Theyaresometimesemployedinpoetry,businessletters,legaldocuments,religiousspeeches,andproses.B.poeticalwords(thedeep(thesea,slumber(sleepmaiden(girl,etc(3colloquialwords:mainlyusedinspokenEnglish,orininformalwriting.(4slangwords(kickthebucket,top-notchteachers,buzz(telephonecall(5technicalwords(psychoanalysis,interlanguage,discovery,assaultandcoversation3.BynotionFunctionwords:determiners,conjunctions,prepositions,auxiliaries.Contentwords:nouns,mainverbs,adjectives,adverbs.第二章：ThemorphemeisthesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitofIanguage,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms.Theclassificationofmorpheme:1.freeandboundmorphemes:Afreemorphemeisonethatcanbeutteredalonewithmeaning.Itcanexistonitsownwithoutaboundmorpheme.Aboundmorphemecannotstandbyitselfasacompleteutterance.Itmustappearwithatleastoneothermorpheme.2.rootsandaffixes1roots:Arootisthebasicunchangeablepartofaword,anditconveysthemainlexicalmeaningoftheword.A.freeroots:InEnglish,manyrootsarefreemorphemes.B.boundroots:Quiteanumberofrootsderivedfromforeignsources,especiallyfrom
GreekandLatin.2affixesA.inflectionalaffixes:plurality,tense,comparativeorsuperlativedegree.B.derivationalaffixes(prefixesandsuffixes第三章：1.Derivation("prefixes:Prefixescanbeclassifiedintothefollowingcategoriesbytheirmeaning.A.表“方式”的前缀(mis.co.malB.表“态度”的前缀(anti.counter.pro.reC.表“程度”的前缀(super.under.overD.表“时间”的前缀(pre.post.ex.preE.表“地点”的前缀(inter.trans.super.over.subF.表“否定”的前缀(un.inG.表“大小”的前缀(mini.maxi(2suffixes(1-ee:加于动词后，表示受事者或施事者(2-eer:由其构成的名词有时含有贬义，表达作者或说话人对某人的蔑视态度(3-er:由其构成的新词在现代英语中显得生动活泼，带有浓厚的口语色彩⑷-ism(5-wise:(intermsof,sofaras...isconcerned在.........方面，就...来说2........................................................Conversionisaword-formationprocesswherebyawordofacertainword-classisshiftintoawordofanotherword-classwithouttheadditionofanaffix.Itisalsocalledzero—erivation.Typesofconversion1.①NtoVconversionA.toputin/onN把....................放入.......使.......处于.......B.togiveN,toprovidewithN给予，提供C.todepriveofN去掉D.to..........withN用...来做E.tobe/actasNwithrespectto像.......那样F.tomake/change...intoN使..
