综合填空

2019

八、综合填空（本大题共1小题，每小题10分，共10分）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整．每空限填一词．

43．（10分）The villagers in Mhangeni， Africa． faced a very big challenge（挑战）．They didn't have a school for their kids．

Then the village elder thought of an （1）i　dea　． He said that there was an old， abandoned （废弃的）farmhouse． It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing（装设备）it． All the villagers were （2）p　leased　with his suggestion and started the project immediately． The parents repaired the broken walls． Some villagers （3）d　ivided　the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood． The others helped make desks and chairs for the students． Still， there was much more work to do． But the rains were coming． They had to （4）s　top　working for the school as it was now the best time for them to plant．

So the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by （5）t　hemselves　．They had to hurry as summer had ended and other schools had already opened． They didn't want to delay（耽搁） their studies． Every day they were busy with cutting the grass and clearing the bushes（灌木）．

The news about the project （6）s　pread　and many people knew it． Two teachers who worked for the country's Department of Education arrived to help out． and two foreign visitors were also touched （感动） by the children's （7）a　ctions　．They donated money for them to buy textbooks and stationery．

After 10 days of hard work， the new school was （8）r　eady　．The kids were very happy but a bit worried﹣they were behind in their studies．

Besides（除…之外）this， they also faced many （9）d　ifficulties　．There were not enough classrooms to hold all the students． And two or three students had to share one book．

However， the children are happy to study in school﹣（10）e　specially　in their new school which they helped to build． Though their school might not be modern， their dream of having a school near their homes has come true．

【分析】非洲Mhangeni的村民面临一个严重的问题．他们村子没有学校，他们一起努力给孩子们建了一所学校，虽然学校很简陋，但是孩子们还是很开心能在学校学习．

【解答】1． idea；考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：村子里的老者想出来一个主意．i开头的单词，idea意见，想法．符合语境．故答案为：idea．

2．pleased；考查形容词；分析语境，此处表示：所有的村民对他的建议很满意，并开始开始了这个工厂．p开头的单词，pleased满意的，be pleased with对……满意．符合语境．故答案为：pleased．

3． divided；考查动词；分析语境，此处表示：有一些村民用一些木板把房子分成几个教室．d开头的单词，divide分开，divide……into把……分成……符合语境．根据语境，需要使用一般过去时，divide的过去式为divided．故答案为：divided．

4． stop；考查动词；分析语境，此处表示：他们不得不停止工作，因为现在对他们来说，是最好的种植的时间．s开头，stop停止，stop doing停止做．符合语境．had to后面接动词原形．故答案为：stop．

5． themselves；考查反身代词；分析语境，此处表示：所以，Mhangeni的孩子们决定自己完成这个房子，themselves他们自己，符合语境．故答案为：themselves．

6． spread；考查动词；此处意思为：关于这个项目的消息传播出去，很多人都知道它了．s开头，spread传播，符合语境．根据语境，此处需要用一般过去时，spread的过去式是spread．故答案为：spread．

7． actions；考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：而且，两个外国游客也被孩子们的行动感动了．a开头的词，action行动，可数名词，此处表示孩子们的行动，用可数名词的复数形式．故答案为：actions．

8． ready；考查形容词；分析语境，此处表示：经过10天的努力工作后，新学校已经准备好了．r开头的词，ready准备好的．符合语境．故答案为：ready．

9． difficulties；考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：除此之外，他们还面临了很多困难．d开头，difficulty困难，可数名词，前面有many，此处需要用名词复数形式．difficulty的复数形式是difficulties．故答案为：difficulties．

10． especially；考查副词；分析语境，此处表示：然而，孩子们很开心在学校里学习﹣﹣尤其是在他们帮助建的新学校里．e开头的词，especially尤其．符合语境．故答案为：especially．

【点评】此类题目，需要分析语境，并且需要熟记单词，再结合语法结构，便可得出正确答案．

2018

八、综合填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。

How do we know the time? A clock, a watch or a cell phone can help us. However many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries people have developed different w 76 of telling the time.

About 5,500 years ago, the Egyptians i 77 the sun clock. This was a tall stone structure. Its shadow (影子)showed the movement of the s 78 they were able to determine（测定）midday.

About 3,500 years ago,the Egyptians made a sundial. It was smaller than the sun clock and could measure (测量)the time for half a day. On c 79 days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial.

Water clocks were the f 80 clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows（流动） from one container（容器）to another. When the water reaches a certain l 81＿ it moves a lever (控制杆)and this shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3,400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China but they f 82

o keep accurate（精确的）time.

In the 13th century. the mechanical clock was invented. This was more accurate, b 83 was expensive to make. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, springs(发条)were added around 1500. This i 84 accuracy and allowed clocks to be smaller.

In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build and own. People began depending on them more and more to run businesses, markets and so on.

More recently, in1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites（人造卫星）send our cell phones the time to the exact second. There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping but some things never c 85 . Man of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not missing appointments.

八、 综合填空

76、前文提到”A clock, a watch or a cell phone”, 可知这里是在说计量时间的“方法、手段”， 又因为前有形容词 different 修饰，可知不止一种，所以要填复数 ways。

77、根据前文 people have developed 可知，本文是写古人发明的计时方法， 所以这里填 invent“发明”；根据时间状语“about 5500 years ago”可知要使用一般过去时，所以填 invented.

78、根据文章可知埃及人发明的 the sun clock 是计时工具，那它的影子记录的肯定是太阳的运动，这里填 sun。

79、根据文章可知，埃及人发明的 sundial 和 the sun clock 都是通过记录太阳的运动轨迹来计时的，所以在没有太阳的阴天和晚上就用不了了，所以应该填cloudy.

80、前面两段说的计时工具都是基于太阳的运动，缺点是没有太阳的日子和时间里就用不了。所以根据文章发展，这里写到了 water clocks 是第一种不用太阳而用水来计时的，所以应该是“首次”，填 first.

81、根据前文，water clock 的工作原理是水从一个容器流到另一个容器，所以随着时间推移，水位应该是不断上升的，所以填 level，表示当水到达一个特定的水位时。

82根据这几段的行文逻辑，每次介绍一个计时工具都是先说优点再说缺点， water clock 的优点是没有太阳也能用，所以在中东和中国很受欢迎。根据转折词 but 可知后面该写缺点了，根据下一段“机械钟更加准确”可知水钟的缺点

应该是不太准确。所以应该是考 fail to do 不能做什么。又因为全文都是一般过去时，所以填 failed.

83、机械钟的优点是更加准确，空后面的分句说的是造价高，所以是写缺点，前后出现了语义转折，所以应该填 but.

84、 根据前文“接下来的几个世纪，它被改良了”，所以应该是“提升”了精确性，所以填 improved.

85、根据前一句“在计时上已经有了很多的进步，但是”可知后面应该出现语义转折，一些东西变了那另一些东西肯定是从来没“改变”，而且通过 nowadays 可知最后一段的时间已转到了现在，所以应该用一般现在时，填 change。

【点评】这篇综合填空写的是计时工具的发展历史，从原始计时到机械计时再到数码计时，非常符合中考综合填空题型中科技类说明文的出题特点。其中重点考查了连词 but 前后的语义转折，以及上下文中近义词的相互提示，比如 develop 和 improve。10 道题中有 4 道题出现了词性变化，数量和往年持平，规律性较为明显（天津中考已连续五年在综合填空中出现了 4 道包含词形变化的题）。另一大特点是，生词量较往年有所增加，对考生的词汇量提出了较高要求。

2017

八、综合填空（本大题共10 小题，每小题1 分，共10 分）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整．每空限填一词．

81．Lan Lan，a student of Grade Seven in Lushan，was taking a drawing class in a tent on April 23．Guess what she drew﹣a house with wings．When the teacher asked why she did so，Lan said if her house could f （81）　ly　，it wouldn't fall down in an earthquake．

Lan's hometown was hit by a s （82）　srong　earthquake on April 20．At least 196people were killed and more than 11，000were injured．Many people became homeless．Soldiers and doctors q （83）　uickly　arrived in the area，saving people and rebuilding homes．Lots of money was sent there to help all those in need．

Although we can't prevent （阻止） an earthquake from happening，we can use some methods to r （84）　educe　harm．During an earthquake，do not jump out of high buildings because it is very d （85）　angerous　．Another method is to cover your head and neck u （86）　nder　a strong table or desk．If there is no shelter （躲避处） nearby，you can also stay by a wall，and cover your head and neck with your arms and hands．And then you must keep calm and stay there u （87）　ntil　 the shaking stops．

Japan is a c （88）　ountry　 which lies on the earthquake belt （地震带） and it is very good at dealing with earthquakes．From a very young age，the Japanese are already taught how to survive （幸存） them．Students often receive earthquake training．Almost in every Japanese family you can find a survival kit （救生装备） with a flash﹣light，a radio，water and enough food for several days．This helps people to stay a （89）　live　after an earthquake．

"There should be more safety t （90）　raining　at schools in our country，"said Xu Jiannong，an education expert in Beijing．There is no more truth than this when one's life is the most important of all．

【考点】PG：首字母阅读填空．

【分析】短文大意：一个名叫兰兰 一个在庐山的一个七年级学生的画（带有翅膀的房子）引入主题，她说如果房子会飞，它将不会在地震中倒塌．兰兰的家乡在4月20日被强烈的地震袭击，至少196人在这次地震中丧生，超过11000人受伤．很多人变成无家．士兵和医生快速到达当地，挽救人们并且重建家园．很多钱被送去帮助那些需要的人．尽管我们不能阻止地震发生，我们能用一些方法减少伤害．发生地震的时候不要从高的建筑上跳下去因为太危险．另一个方法就是用桌子或者椅子把你的头或者脖子盖着．如果附近没有躲避的地方，你也能待在一个墙边，用你的手臂或者手遮住你的头或者颈部．然后你必须保持镇定和待在那里直到地震结束．

日本是处在地震带的一个国家并且它很擅长对付地震．从很小的年龄开始起，日本人已经被教授如何在地震中幸存．孩子们经常获得地震逃生训练．几乎每个日本家庭你能够找到救生装备，手电筒，收音机，水和足够几天生活的食物．这帮助他们地震之后还能活着．教育专家徐建龙在北京说，在我们国家在学校应该有更多的安全训练．毫无疑问，一个人的生命高于一切．

【解答】81．fly；考查动词辨析，根据语境，猜猜她画了一个带有翅膀的什么样的房子，所以这个房子能"飞"，以f开头，故填fly．

82．strong；考查形容词辨析，兰兰的家乡在4月20日被强烈的地震袭击，"强烈的"以s开头，故天strong．

83．quickly；考查副词辨析，根据语境，士兵和医生快速到达当地．快速地，且以f开头，故填quickly．

84．reduce；　考查动词辨析，根据语境，我们不能阻止地震发生，我们能用一些方法"减少"伤害．减少，且以r开头，故填reduce．

85．dangerous； 考查形容词辨析，根据语境，发生地震的时候不要从高的建筑上跳下去因为太危险，危险的，以d开头故填dangerous．

86．under； 考查介词辨析，根据语境，另一个方法就把你的头或者脖子躲在椅子的下面，在…的下面，且以u开头，故填under．

87．until； 考查连词辨析，然后你必须保持镇定和待在那里"直到"地震结束，直到…且以u开头，故填until．

88．country； 考查名词词辨析，根据语境日本是处在地震带的一个"国家"并且它很擅长对付地震，国家，且以c开头，前面有a修饰填名词单数，故填country．

89．alive；考查形容词辨析，根据语境这帮助他们地震之后还能活着，stay 后接形容词，处于某种状态，活着的，以a开头，故填形容词alive．

90．training； 考查动词辨析，根据语境，在我们国家在学校应该有更多的安全训练．训练，且以t开头，故填名词training．

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