英语特殊疑问句讲解
一、基本概念
通常以特殊疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有:what 、who 、whose 、which、 when 、where 、how、 why等。
When 什么时间(问时间) | What date 什么日期 问具体日期 |
Who 谁(问人) | What place什么地点问具体地址 |
Whose 谁的 问主人 | How …怎么样 问情况 |
Where 在哪里 问地点 | How old 多大 问年龄 |
Which 哪一个 问选择 | How many 多少 问数量 |
Why 为什么 问原因 | How much 多少 问价钱 |
What 什么 问东西 | How about …怎么样 问意见 |
What time 什么时间(问钟点) | How far 多远 问路程 |
What color 什么颜色 问颜色 | How long 多长 问时间 |
What about…怎么样 问意见 | How soon 多快,多久 问时间 |
What day 星期几 问星期 | How often多久 问频率 |
如果掌握规律,就变得简单多了。 总结一条就是:“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”,但特殊疑问词的确定要根据提问内容确定,在小学阶段常出现的有以下几种:
1.划线部分是“事或物”,特殊疑问词用what
例: This is a bag. ---What is this
We often play football on Sundays . ---What do you often do on Sundays
2、 划线部分是“人”,特殊疑问词用who
例:She is my sister. ---Who is she
3、 划线部分是“地点”,特殊疑问词用where
例:The apple is on the is the apple
4、划线部分是“时间”,特殊疑问词用what time或when
例:It's six thirty . ---What time is it
I usually get up at six forty . --- When do you usually get up
5、划线部分是“年龄”,特殊疑问词用how old
例:I am twelve . ---How old are you
My mother is thirty- two . ---How old is your mother
6、划线部分是“职业”,特殊疑问词用what
例:Tom is a worker. ---What is Tom/What does Tom do
7、划线部分是“颜色”,特殊疑问词用what color
例:My hat is blue . ---What color is your hat
8、划线部分是“数量”,特殊疑问词用how many或how much
例:I can see five birds in the many birds can you see
There is some tea in the cup. ---How much tea is there in the cup
9、划线部分是“多少钱”,特殊疑问词用how much
例:This book is ten yuan . ---How much is this book
10、划线部分是“形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词”,特殊疑问词用whose
例:That is my shirt . ---Whose shirt is that
2、小学英语对划线部分提问答题口诀:
一代(用疑问词代替提问部分),
二移(把疑问词移至句首),
三找(找is , are ,can,would)抄在疑问词后,没有则用do,does(用 于主语是第三人称),出现I am 则直接改为Are you),
四抄(照抄其它部分)
五改(出现some,要考虑是否改为any。 出现I 改为 you, 出现 we 改为 you ,出现my 改为your,出现our改为your。最后是加问号)
三、特殊疑问句有两种语序:
1、如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其语序是陈述句的语序:疑问词(+主语)+谓语动词+其他成分
例:who is singing in the room﹖ whose bike is broken﹖
2、如疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是:疑问词+一般疑问句语序
例:what class are you in﹖
四、特殊疑问句的回答:
1、回答特殊疑问句时,不能用yes / no,即问什么答什么,尤其是简略回答。
例:Who is from Canada﹖ Helen (is).
2、特殊疑问句一般读降调(↓)。
例句
一、 问天气
A: What is the weather like today B: It is hot today.
二、 问时间
1.问几点: A: What’s the time now 或 What time is it now B: It is + 时间点.
2.问星期: A: What day is it today B: It is + 星期.
3.问日期: A: What is the date today B: It is + 日期.
三、问年龄: A: How old + be动词 +人 B: 人 + be动词 + 年龄.
例:How old is your mother She is 35 (years old)(year-old).
四、问价格多少: A: How much + be动词 + 物/代词(it,they等) B: 物/代词(it, they等)+ be动词 + 价格.
例:How much are the apples They are 15 yuan.
How much is it It is 15$.
五、问数量多少: A: How many + 物 + be动词 + there + 地点 B: There + be动词 + 数量(+物+地点).
例:How many books are there in the library There are 1000.
六、 问是谁: A: Who + be动词 + 人或代词(she,he,they…)
B: 人或代词(He,She,They…)+ be动词 + ……
例:Who is the young lady She is my English teacher.
七、问颜色:A: What color + be动词 + 物
B: 物/代词(It , They ) + be动词 + 颜色.
例:What color is your dress It is pink.
八、问职业:A: What + 助动词 +人或代词(she,he,they…)+ do
或:What +be动词 + 人或代词(she,he,they…)
B: 人或代词(He,She,They…)+ be动词 + 职业.
(特别提醒:如果回答是一个人,那么“职业”要回答“a …”,如果是两个人以上,直接用复数形式,如:She is a teacher. They are students.)
例:What do you do I am a teacher. What is your father He is a doctor.
九、问地点:
A: Where + be动词 + 地方B: 地方/代词(It,They)+ be动词 + 方位.
十、 问怎样去某个地方:A: How can/助动词 + 人 + get/go to the … B: 人或代词(He,She,They…)can go there by…
例:How can I get to the cinema You can get there by bus.
How does John go to the cinema He can go there on foot.
十一、问是什么:
A: What + be动词 + 代词(it,they…) B: 代词(it,they…)+ be动词 + ….
例:What is it It is a book. What are they They are books.
十二、问外貌、性格:
A: What + be动词 +人或代词(she,he,they…)+ like
B: 人或代词(He,She,They…)+ be动词+ 外貌、性格形容词. 或:人或代词(He,She,They…)+ look或looks+ 外貌、性格形容词.
例:What is your mother She is pretty and young.
十三、问为什么:A: Why …. B: Because….
例:Why are you so happy Because I don’t go to school.
Why do you like summer Because I can swim in the river.
Why do you like apples Because they’re sweet and healthy.
(特别提醒:最后接的名词是可数的要用复数形式,答句用“they are”)
十四、问感觉
A: How +助动词+人+feel
或:How+ be动词 +人或代词(she,he,they…)’s+ feeling
B: 人或代词(He,She,They…)+be动词+感觉形容词.
或:人+ feel/feels/felt+感觉形容词.
例:How do you feel 或How is your feeling I am happy. 或 I feel happy.
十五、问“怎么了”
A: What’s the matter with +人或代词(用宾格:her,him,them,me)
B: 人或代词(He,She,They…)+be动词+症状.
例:What’s the matter with you I have a headache.
What’s the matter with her She has a fever.
十六、问“吃什么”或“上什么课”
A: What +助动词 +人+have +时间 B: 人+have/has+…(+时间).
例:What do you have on Mondays I have Chinese, math and English.
What does Mike have for lunch He has rice and potatoes for lunch.
十七、问选择或最喜欢
问选择:Which one +助动词+人+like, A or B
问最喜欢:
A: What is your/his/her/our favorite+东西(food,fruit,season…)
或:Which +东西(food,fruit,season…)+助动词+人+like best
B: My/His/Her/Our favorite +东西 + be动词+…
或:人或代词(He,She,They…)like/likes +….+best.
18、问好
例: How are you I am fine.
How do you do How do you do
19、问意见
about 后多加动词现在分词,What about 后多跟名词
例: How about going out for a walk
What about another cake
2.表建议时,两者通用。
例: What /How about a drink
3.表征求意见或打听消息,用What about
例:What about the university
4.有多种事物供选择时,只能用 How about
例:Here are three jackets .How about the gray one
二十、问地名
例: What place is it It is a school .
二十一、问多长时间或某物有多长用How long
1. 表示多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问。
例:A:How long did he stay here 他在这儿呆了多久
B:About two weeks. 大约两个星期。
A:How long does it take to get to London from here 从这里到伦敦要多长时间 B:At least ten hours. 至少要10个小时。
2. 表示某东西有多长。
例:A:How long is the river 这条河有多长
B:About 500 km. 大约500千米。
二十二、问距离
How far 用于提问从某一地点到另一地点的距离
例:A: How far is it from here to the zoo 从这儿到公园有多远
B: It’s 6 kilometers.六千米。
二十三、问频率
how often 指每隔多久,主要用来对频度副词或状语(如:once a week, three times a month 等)提问。
例:A:How often does he come here 他(每隔)多久来一次
B:Once a month. 每月一次。
A:How often do you visit your mother 你多长时间看你妈妈一次
B:Once a week. 一周一次。
二十四、问时间(多快、多久)
how soon 指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(如:in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问。
例:A:How soon will he be back 他要多久才回来
B:In an hour. 1 小时以后。
A:How soon shall we know the results 我们多久能知道结果
B:I don’t know. 我不知道。
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