连词、并列连词
第一类表示并列关系的连词
1) and
(错) They sat down and talk about something.
(错) They started to dance and sang.
(错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.
(对) They sat down and talked about something.
(对) They started to dance and sing.
(对)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.
注意：A and B 当表示整体或者指同一人时谓语动词用单数, 当and连接的单数名词前分别有each，every，many等词修饰时，谓语也用单数。
bread and butter a knife and fork
The mother and teacher is very strict with her son.
No teacher and no student is allowed to smoke in class.
and连接的是两个相同意思的词，表示“渐渐”，或加强语气
Read it again and again
2) both …and 两者都
She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.
3) neither…nor 意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。
Neither you nor he is to blame.
4) not only…but (also)不但······而且······
She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.
注意： not only… but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。
Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.
5) as well as 以及，也，与···同样
The teacher, as well as the students, is interested in the activity.
第二类表示选择关系的连词
1) or 意思为"或则"。
Which do you prefer, tea, coffee, or juice ?
比较and和or
1) 并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。
2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：
There is no air or water in the moon.
There is no air and no water on the moon.
在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。
---I don't like chicken ___ fish.
---I don't like chicken, ___ I like fish very much.
A. and； and B. and； but C. or； but D. or；and
We will die without air and water. We can't live without air or water.
We will die without air or water. We can't live without air and water.
2) either…or 意思为"或者……或者 ……"。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。
Either you or I am right.
3) or, or else/ otherwise 否则
Be silent, or else you will be kicked out.
I am tired, otherwise, I would play.
(6)prefer to…rather than…与prefer…to…的区别：prefer to…rather than…后面都是用动词原形,prefer…to…都是用动名词或名词。如：I prefer English to Japanese.（与日语相比我更喜欢英语）/ I prefer to learn English rather than learn Japanese. （与日语相比我更喜欢学英语）
第三类表示转折或对比关系的连词
1） but 但是 He is rich but unhappy.
while 然而，表示对比意味 Some people love cats, while others hate them.
yet 然而 She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.
however 然而，可是，不过 She does not like him, however, I like him.
2) not…but… 意思为"不是 ……而是……"
not 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。
They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being.
--- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
--- I'd like to, ___ I'm too busy.
A. and B. so C. as D. but
第四类表因果关系的连词
1) for 因为，做并列连词用时，是在对先行的句子补述原因或者理由，只可以连接句子与句子，通常不置于句首。
He is absent today, for he is ill.
2) so, therefore 因此
He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game. I think, therefore I am
3）then 那么，因而
Hide behind the wall, then they won’t see you.
注意：
a. 两个并列连词不能连用，但therefore, then, yet.可以和并列连词连用。
You can watch TV, and or you can go to bed.
He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldn't play in the game.
b. although… yet…，但although不与 but连用。
(错) Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work..
(对) Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work.
从属连词
从属连词只能用来引导从句，而不能引导词或者词组。从属连词一般可以引导名词性从句和状语从句。
第一类引导名词性从句的从属连词
1） that 引导宾语从句或间接引语时，可省略。引导主语从句时不可以省略。
He said (that) he would come. 宾语从句
His mother told me (that) he is a good boy. 间接引语
That she is still alive is true. 主语从句
2） if/whether 是否
I wonder if he is at home. I ask him whether he would come.
注意：只可以用whether的情况
1.介词后面 It will depend on whether it rains tomorrow.
2. whether···or not 固定搭配 Let me know whether you come or not.
3. 动词不定式前 I don’t know whether to accept his advice.
第二类引导状语从句的从属连词
1） 连接时间状语从句的从属连词
before 在···之前 The war had been over before he came to China.
after 在···之后 He came to China after the war was over.
since 自从 I have lived in this city since I was born.
when/while 当··· The teacher entered the classroom, when all the students were playing
When I came into this room, I found him lying bed asleep （while后接的动词是延续性的动词）
as 当··· I saw her as I was getting on the bus.
till/until 直到 I didn’t go to sleep until/till I finished my homework.
as soon as 一···就··· As soon as he saw the policeman, the thief run away.
2） 连接地点状语从句的从属连词
where 在哪里 There were lots of parks where I lived.
3） 连接原因状语从句的从属连词
because 原因,用于解释某事的原因，动机，强调直接原因和因果关系 I do it because I like it.
for 表因为，表间接的原因，用于说明，解释 I soon went to sleep, for I was tired
since 表原因，比because弱，比as强，表一种已知的，显然的理由，常译为“既然 as 表原因时，意义最弱 As you are in poor health, you should do more exercises
4） 连接结果状语从句的从属连词
so···that··· 如此···以至于··· He is so kind that everybody likes him.
such···that···
He is such a kind man that everybody likes him
5） 连接目的状语从句的从属连词
that / so that / in order that 为了
Speak clearly that/so that/ in order that they may understand you.
6) 连接条件状语从句的从属连词
if 如果
If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go on a picnic.
unless 除非 (如果不 )
He will come unless it rains.
in case 万一
You may call this number in case I am not at home
7)连接比较状语从句的从属连词
than 比
It’s easier than I thought.
as/so···as···和···一样
She is as tall as you.
He is not as/so tall as his wife.
8)连接方式状语从句的从属连词
as 按照
Do as I told you.
Take things as they are.
as if / though 仿佛
He behaves as if/though he was a child.
9)引导让步状语从句的从属连词
although/though 尽管
Although Japan is small, the population is big.
even if 即便
Even if it was snowing heavily, we went on running.
【基础练习】
（一）根据句意选用and, but, or, so, while, for填空。
1. The ground is wet, _________ it rained last night.
2. It's a fine day today, _________ everyone is busy.
3. This is our first lesson, _________ I don't know all your names.
4. Take an umbrella with you, _________ you'll get wet.
5. Do you understand what I said _________ do you want me to explain it again?
6. We have classes in the morning, _________ we don't have classes in the afternoon.
7. She is a doctor _________ I am a teacher.
8. Use your head, _________ you'll find a way.
9. They went to the zoo yesterday, _________ they didn't see any animals.
10. I must go now, _________ it's getting dark.
（二）选择最佳答案：
( ) 1 My aunt asks whether I like a woolen sweater ______ a cotton one.
A. but B. or C. and D. not
( ) 2 Either Mary ______ Lucy told him to come to see us.
A. or B. and C. with D. nor
( ) 3 Hurry up, ______ we'll be late for the film.
A. and B. but C. so D. or
( ) 4 Be quick, ______ we'll be late.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
( ) 5 We ran to the trees, _____ we couldn't see any more monkeys.
A. but B. so C. and D. for
( ) 6 _____ Li Ping ______ Wu Fang ______ League members.
A. Neither; nor; are B. Either; nor; is
C. Both; and; are D. Neither; or; is
( ) 7 You can ______ stay at home ______ go out to play.
A. either; or B. so; that C. neither; and D. both; and
( ) 8 _____ Wei Hua ______ Ann______ very busy.
A. Both; and; is B. So; and; is C. Either; or; is D. So; that; are
( ) 9 ______ Monday______ Tuesday is OK, I will be free then.
A. Either; or B. Neither; nor C. So; that D. Both; and
( ) 10 ______ my brother_______ sister are doctors.
A. Not; but B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Eithe
1. The book is written in_______easy English beginners can understand.
A. so; that B. such; that C. so; as D. such; as
“You’ll have to wait for two hours,_______is, about 11:30, the medical report will come out.” the doctor said to me.
A.that; when B.which; that C.that; before D.which; when
3. I do every single bit of housework________my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
A. since B. while C. when D. As
Try to read stories in English and speak in English whenever you can,______ you will see more progress over time.
A. but B. or C. and D. So
5. —Why were you absent yesterday?
—I caught a cold,___________I had been walking around in the rain.
A.but B.so C.and D.for
6. —Close the windows, ________you’ll catch cold. —OK, __________ you’d better not smoke.
A. and; but B. or; therefore C. and; however D. or; but
7. The point is not who said the words,_________they are true or not.
A. but whether B. and whether C. but how D. and how
8. Just because they make more money than I do,_______they seem to look down on me.
A. so B. and C. but D. /
9. When the last prize had been awarded_________everybody cleared off.
A. and B. so C. or D. /
—Shall we stop for lunch_______shall we drive on?
—Let’s stop for lunch, but the driver can’t drink________drive.
A. and; and B. or; or C. and; or D. or; and
11. He imagines that people don’t like him,_________they do.
A. and B. then C. so D. But
12. It isn’t fair;_________ I was working as a waiter last month, my friends were lying on the beach.(2009•辽宁)
A. whenever B. Though C. for D. while
13. Give me one more minute_____ I’ll have finished.
A. so B. until C. and D. When
14. Everything around us is_________solid, liquid_________gas.
A. not; but B. either; or C. neither; nor D. whether; or
15. —Hi, Bob, are you going to attend tomorrow’s conference?
—Oh, I’m afraid not,__________ invited too.
A. even if B. as if C. even as D. Since
The medicine works more effectively________you drink some hot water after taking it.
A. as B. until C. although D. If
Follow your doctor’s advice, ______A___ your cough will get worse.
A. or B. and C. then D. So
18. I can’t come back___C_____six o’clock perhaps. Don’t wait for me for supper.
A. after B. if C. until D. When
19. —Oh, I failed again
—Don’t lose heart. One more effort, ________ you will succeed.
A. so that B. therefore C. however D. And
20.________ a difficult situation, so you should send him a message and give him some advice.
A. As he is in B. He is in C. Being in D. He being in
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