英语初高中衔接辅导材料
专题七 定语从句训练和讲解（教师版）
一、初中知识回顾
（一）感知体验
B 1.There are lots of things I need to prepare before the trip.
A. who B. that C. whom D. whose
A 2.Jim dislikes people ______talk much but never do anything .
A.who B.whom C.whose D.which
C3.We are trying to help those children _____ lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province.
A. which B. when C. who D. whose
A4.Do you know the girl _______is singing in the classroom?
A.who B.which C.when D.whom
D 5—The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu.
--Yes.They are helping the people ______are suffering from the earthquake.
A.which B.what C./ D.who
C6.Have you found the answer to the question ______I asked you this morning?
A.when B.what C.that D.how
D7.Friends are those make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed
A which B what C whom D who
D8.I began to work in Shanghai in the year _______HongKong was returned to China.
A.that B.which C.where D.when
A9.This is the school _______ I studied three years ago.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
C10.—What do you usually do in your leisure time?
—I enjoy reading in the library ____________ I lose myself in a world of good books.
A. which B. that C. where D./
A11.—The village _________I visited last year has changed a lot.
--Really?I hope to go there on day.
A.that B.who C.when D.where
B12.This is my beautiful school _______ is near the famous library.
A. where B. which C. who D. when
C13.— Which girl is your sister?
— The girl __________ is wearing dark glasses.
A. which B. whose C. who D. whom
D14.Do you like music makes you relaxed?
A. it B. what C. who D. that
C15.The girl with _______you talked at the school gate is our new math teacher.
A. whose B. which C. whom D. who
A16.I can’t forget the time _______ the earthquake happened in Yushu.
A. when B. which C. that D. where
(二)归纳讲解
1、定语从句的功用和结构
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.
Do you know everybody who came to the party?
I still remember the night when I first came to the village?
This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
2、关系代词和关系副词的功用
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语，宾语，定语；关系副词可作状语。
作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：
I don’t like the person who talks much but does little.
The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
作宾语：
She is the person (that /who/who)I met at the school gate yesterday.
The book (that/which) my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.
作定语
关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：
What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?
The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
作状语
I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
This is the house where I was born.
二、高中知识展望
（一）感知体验 2011年高考真题
C 1.The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
D2.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
A. this B. that C. what D. which
B3.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ___, of course, make all the others upset.
A. who B. which C. what D. that
A4.You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.
A. which B. where C. when D. as
D5.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.
A. they B. where C. what D. that
C 6.She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ____had taken more than three years.
A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which
A7.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
C8.Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, ____ it will keep for two or three weeks.
A. when B. which C. where D. while
A9.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of __ uses it somewhat differently.
A. which B. what C. them D. those
C 10.A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A. when B. that C. where D. there
A11.She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which B. where C. what D. who
B12.It was April 29,2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A．that B．when C．since D．berore
D13.The school shop, ________ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays.
A. which B. whose C. when D. where
A14.The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A. when B. that C. where D. which
B15.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, ____ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
A. which B. where C. who D. that
C 16.Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _________ she spoke fluently.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
A17.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A．whom B．which C．them D．those
D18. The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.
A. that B. it C. what D. which
B19. I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault.
A. who B. that C. as D. what
C20. In china, the number of cities is increasing ____development is recognized across the world.
A. where B. which C. whose D. that
(二)归纳讲解
※1、定语从句关系词选三步骤：
第一找出先行词；分清先行词是指人、物、时间、地点还是原因，确定关系词可能性。
第二分析先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语，定语、表语或状语）；再看定语从句的种类是限定性还是非限定性定语从句。（That和why 通常不能引导非限定性定语从句）
第三选择确定合适的关系词。
2、使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题
只用that不用which的情况
当先行词是all, little, few, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。如：
Everything that happened then was like a nightmare.
I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.
当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very（恰好的,表示强调）等词修饰时。例如：
The only thing that we could do was to wait.
That’s the very thing that we can do.
当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如：
The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.
This is the best novel that I have ever read.
被修饰词为数词时。例如：
Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive.
主句是There be结构，修饰主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。例句：
There’s still a room that is free.
先行词中同时包括人和物时。例如：
We talked about the people and the villages that we remembered.
He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.
当主句中有who, which时，而定语从句中也要用到who或which时，为了避免who…who, which…which等重叠，定语从句要用that引导。例如：
Who is the man that is standing by the door?
Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk?
人或物在定语从句中作表语时，用that引导定语从句，而that通常也可以省略。例如：
He is no longer the man that he was.
修饰物时只用which不用that的情况
引导非限制性定语从句时。例如：
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.
当关系词前有介词时。例如：
This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.
在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which。例如：
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
当关系代词后面有插入语时。例如：
Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.
先行词为that时。例如：
The clock is that which can tell us the time.钟是报时的装置。
修饰人时只用who不用that的情况
先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时。如：
The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well.
在There be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。例如：
There’s a gentleman who wants to see you.
当先行词有较长的后置定语时。例如：
I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.
一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who以避免重复。例如：
The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.
注意：当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom。例如：
The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago.
way在定语从句作先行词的用法
当先行词为way，关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句的引导词可用in which, that或省略引导词。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如:
This is the way (that /in which) I do such things.
比较: Please do the experiment in the way（that/which）I have shown you.
I don’t like the way （that /in which）he looks at me.
The way _that/in which/不填_he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
The way _that/ which/不填_he explained to us was quite simple.
在定语从句中作状语的关系副词when, where, why的用法
先行词为"时间名词"，可用when引导定语从句，在从句中作状语；还可以用which或that 引导，在从句中作主语或宾语。
比较:
I still remember the days when（=on which）we lived together.
I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作宾语）
先行词是"地点名词"，定语从句可用where引导，在从句中做状语；还可用which或that引导，在从句中作主语或宾语。
比较:
The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely.
I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.
注意：※如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”（前提是从句中缺少状语）。
※“from where” 中的where 是关系代词，可以引导定语从句。例如：
She stood near the north window, from where she could see the whole garden. (= through which)
He climbed up to the top of the temple, from where he could see nothing but trees.
That’s the place from where the river branches out.
先行词是表示原因的名词reason 时, 可以用why 引导定语从句，why在定语从句中作原因状语，可用for which替代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如：
The reason why / for which he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.（作状语）
I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. （作宾语）
whose引导的定语从句
whose引导定语从句时，其先行词可以指人，也可以指物，当先行词指物时，可以用“the+名词+of which”或者“of which the +名词”代替“whose+名词”结构。例如：
He studies in a school whose buildings(=the buildings of which) are built on top of a hill.
of短语作为定语从句的先行词的情况
“one of the +复数名词”这一结构后面的定语从句中的谓语动词，通常用复数形式，与定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。但如果“one of the+复数名词”这一结构前面带有the/only/the only之类的限定语，从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式，此时从句在意义上修饰的是the one. 例如：
Tom is one of the boys who were late that morning. 汤姆是那天早晨迟到的男生之一。
Tom is the (only/the only )one of the boys who was late that morning.汤姆是那天早上唯一迟到的男生。
He is the only one of the students who D a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
“介词+关系代词”考点分析
总的说来,选择介词不外乎三条:
一是根据句子意思表达的需要。
二是根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭配 。
三是根据先行词和介词的习惯搭配。
考查定语从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯
、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.
This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.
I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music.
注：有一些介词为固定搭配的一部分，此时它们的位置应注意。如：
The boy (whom) my sister is looking after is getting better.
不能说成：The boy after whom my sister is looking is getting better.
、看定语从句中形容词或分词与介词的搭配
He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.
考查先行词与介词的搭配习惯
这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。如：
This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teacher’s desk.
I’ll never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me.
考查根据句意确定介词
Tom, by whom the window was broken, has been criticized by his teacher.
I am looking for my glasses, without which I can’t watch TV clearly.
考查表示所属关系的of which [whom]
On the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence, the meaning of which I don’t understand.
考查表示整体与部分关系的of which [whom]
I have five English dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best.
The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
I met the fruit-pickers, several of whom were university students.
考查表示同位关系的of which [whom]
Her sons, both of whom work abroad, rang her up this morning.
高考中部分定语从句中“介词+关系代词”结构。
B 1. Eric received training in computer for one year, _____ he found a job in a big company.
A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this
B2. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______ they can be controlled on purpose.
A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which
D 3. It is reported that two schools, _____ are being built in my hometown, will open next year.
A .they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which
D4. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _____ wanted to buy it
A. none of them B. both of whom C. none of whom D. neither of whom
A 5. He was educated at the local high school, ______ he went on to Beijing University.
A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that
A 6. She was educated at Beijing University, ______ she went on to have her advanced study
abroad.
A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that
B7. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us ______ we gave some bells and glasses.
A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which
B8. I was given three books on cooking, the first ______ I really enjoyed.
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
D 9. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction ______ she had come.
A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which
定语从句与其他结构的比较
与强调句型的区别。判断强调句型的关键在于把强调结构“It is/was ……that……”去掉后，主句的意思和结构是完整的。
A 1，It was about 600 years ago the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. A. that B. until C. before D. when
D 2，It was an exciting moment for those football fans this year, for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A. that B. while C. which D. when
that引导的限制性定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
● 定语从句对先行词起着修饰、限定作用；而同位语从句对先行词起着解释、说明的作用。
● 引导词that在从句中的作用不同。而在同位语从句中，that只起连接作用，不充当句子成分。
● 翻译方法不同。限制性定语从句通常翻译成“……的”，而同位语从句通常翻译成“即”,也可用冒号或破折号表示。
A There’s a feeling in me _____ we will never know what a UFO is—not ever.
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
与表语从句的区别
C11，The place ____ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_____ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which
与状语从句的区别。状语从句通常是没有先行词的，整个从句在复合句中作时间、地点或原因等状语。而定语从句是对先行词起修饰限定或解释说明作用的。
D 1.Why do you want a new job you've got such a good one already?
A. that B. where C. which D. when
B 2.After the war, a new school building was put up there had once been a theatre.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
与while或when引导的并列句的区别。when引导并列句时，意思是“这时”，相当于and then或and at that time. while 引导一个并列句时，意思是“然而”，表示“对比”或“转折”。
D She thought I was talking about her daughter, , in fact, I was talking about my daughter. A. whom B. where C. which D. while
该题，根据句意，这里应是“然而”之意..
定语从句与简单句等的区别。如果两个句子之间是分号，或有and，but，so等连接词，则这两个句子为两个并列句；如果两个句子之间是逗号，且没有上述的连接词，则这两个句子之间就是主从关系，须有一个引导词引导定语从句。尤其值得注意的是，逗号后面也许根本就不是一个句子，而只是一个同位语。
B1.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, I will always treasure.
A. that B. one C. it D. what
D2.They have more than 100 books ; most of are English .
A, which B, that C, whose D, them
1.We should go to the place ___we are most needed.
2.We should go to the place_____ needs us most.
A. it B. where C. that D. what
1. It was October _____we met in Dalian for the first time.
2. It was in October _____we met in Dalian for the first time.
A. that B. which C. when D. while
1. He is such a good teacher_____ we all like him.
2. He is such a good teacher_____ we all like.
A. whom B. that C. as D. which
The news came__1__ the British Queen’s mother celebrated her 101th birthday in good health, __2__ isn’t surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care.
A. that; which B. which; which C. that; that D. when; as
A modern city has been set up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what B. which C. it D. where
1.___ is known to everybody, the earth is round.
2.____the earth is round is known to everybody.
3.____ is known to everybody that the earth is round.
A. That B. It C. As D. What
①All ____ I need is a good rest. ②You know ____ I need is a good rest.
A. what B. all what C. that D. which
①Mr Smith is one of those foreigners who____ working in China.
②Mr Smith is the only one of those foreigners who ____ working in China.
A. is B. has C. have D. are
①Pisa is a city, ____ has a leaning tower.
②Pisa is a city, ____ there is a leaning tower.
A. which B. that C. where D. there
定语从句与非谓语动词的转换
①The new building that is being built is our new library. 〖 〗
②The new building that was built last year is our new library. 〖 〗
③The new building that will be built next year is our new library.〖 〗
④We will study in the house facing south. 〖 〗
⑤The question discussed yesterday is very important. 〖 〗
⑥The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance. 〖 〗
※比较
A⑦On the way to the Beirut , we saw many refugees, some luggage on their shoulders.
A, all carrying B, all carried C, all were carrying D, who carrying
D⑧Not far from the club there was a garden, owner seated in it playing bridge with his children.
A, whose B, that C, which D, its
初中词汇复习
I.单词拼写 根据句意及所给中文提示或英文解释，写出句中所缺单词。
1. -What’s wrong with Jenny? -She’s not well, she has a _ fever (发烧), 39.5 ℃.
2. -What’s your e-mail address (地址)? –It’s cindyj@pep.com.cn.
3. Chen Yong always plays computer games (游戏). He doesn’t want to go to school.
4. France is a beautiful country. It’s _ famous (著名的) for its wine.
5. Everyone goes to play soccer except (除……外)Tom because he doesn’t like it.
6. It is necessary (必要的) to learn a foreign language.
7. Science is one of my favorite subjects (科目). What about you?
8. Please keep quiet (安静). I' m trying to study.
9. She didn’t go to bed until (直到)her mother came back last night.
10. I received a gift yesterday. My grandma sent/posted (寄) it to me from Nanning.
11. Li Hua is one of the members (成员) of the school football club.
12. Besides (除……之外) milk and cheese, we also need vegetables.
13. What is your friend going to be when he grows (长大) up ?
14. They can’t go to a movie tonight, because they have lost their tickets (票).
15. One hundred years is a century (世纪) .
16. Last week we held a concert to raise (筹集)500,000 yuan for Hope Project.
17. Monkeys (猴子) like to eat bananas.
18. That is a wonderful (令人惊叹的) film. You should go to see it.
19. China won (赢) the most gold medals at the 2008 Olympic Games.
20. Confidence is the key to success (成功).
21. Don’t forget to lock (锁)the doors when you leave the classroom.
II. 短文填空
1.阅读短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
Do you like animals? Do you want to keep animals? Yes, many people like animals and want to keep a lovely animal as a （1） p_____. It's a pity that they don't have a suitable place to keep them. However, keeping fish may be the best choice.
Why keep them?
People keep dogs and cats because they enjoy their friendship. Fish can not be friendly, but they have beautiful shapes and colors. It's a pleasure to watch as they swim （2）i_____ their tank（水槽）.
What do they need?
First of all, the fish need a suitable （合适的） tank, and you must fill the tank （3） w_____ suitable water. It is also good for （4） t_____ to have a few water plants in the tank to keep the water pure （纯净）. Putting a few snails （蜗牛） in the tank is a good （5） i_____. They will keep it （6） c_____
What about feeding them?
There are many kinds of fish food （7） t_____ you can get in the shops. Most are suitable for all kinds of
fish. You should feed your fish only （8） o_____ a day. It is important not to give them （9） t_____ much food. Just give them as much as they can （10） e_____ up in about 15 minutes. This will keep them healthy.
答案；1.1．pet 2．in 3．with 4．them 5．Idea 6．clean 7．that 8．once 9．too 10．eat
2.根据短文内容和所给汉语提示，写出短文空白处各单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
Chen Huan：Glad to meet you，Mr Zhu. Welcome to Yiwu TV Station to tell your 1 （故事）of doing business.
Mr Zhu： Thank you. I’d like to say something that happened thirty years ago.
Chen Huan：At that time，you didn’t have 2 （足够的）ood to eat.
Mr Zhu：Right. So I 3 （去）out to do business to make money by exchange
sweets for chicken feathers，old shoes and so on.I had to get up very 4
（早）every morning and travel a long way on 5 （脚）.
Chen Huan：It must be a special experience for you.
Mr Zhu：Yes. During that time，I was’ often tired and hungry 6 （没有）anything
to eat.，especially on those 7 （寒冷的）winter nights…dut now
everything is better. I own a big factory with hundreds of 8 （工人）.
And I can 9 （卖）my products to the world in a modern market. I’m sure my
business will be better and better in the future.
Chen Huan：How moving! Hard work makes a successful businessman. You’re really a great
example for the 10 （年轻的）people in Yiwu.
【答案】1.story/stories 2.enough 3.went 4.early 5.foot 6.without 7.cold 8.workers 9.sell 10.young
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