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新视野大学英语第三版第三册视听说原文.doc

发布时间：2020-08-04   来源：文档文库   
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新视野大学英语第三版第三册视听说原文

Unit 1 Access to success
Further practice in listening Short conversations Scripts Conversation 1 W: Hello, Mr. Williams. This is John Barrett’s secretary. I’m calling to cancel his appointment with you at 10 today as he is not feeling well. M: Thanks for calling. It’s quite all right. We’ll arrange some other time to meet. Q: What is the man going to do? Conversation 2 M: I need to use more than just my math skills for these questions but I don’t have a calculator. Shall I go and buy one? W: Actually, I’ve got two. And I’ll let you have one for the price of a coffee. Q: What do we learn about the woman from this conversation?
Conversation 3 M: Professor Smith, I’d like to have your advice as to my career development in the future. W: It’s my pleasure. I think you are good at abstract thinking. I am sure you’ll make it if you pursue your graduate work in theoretical physics. Q: What does the woman advice the man to do?
Conversation 4 W: I can’t believe Ken missed such an important lecture even though I reminded him the day before yesterday. M: You should know him better by now. He’s known for taking everything in one ear and straight out the other. Q: What does the man imply?
Conversation 5 W: I hear you’re working as a market surveyor this summer. It’s got to be awfully difficult going to so many places in such hot summer days. M: Well, it is challenging, but I get to meet lots of new people and the pay is decent enough. Q: What does the man think of his job?
Long conversation Scripts W: Thanks for meeting with me, Dr. Pearl. I need permission to drop your class, Literature and Writing. M: It’s only the second week of class, Stacey. Why are you giving up so quickly? We’ve only written one essay so far, and you won’t get your grade back until next Wednesday! W: I know, sir. But as a third-year engineering student, I don’t want to risk lowering my grade point average by scoring poorly in a writing class! M: OK … What’s worrying you? W: I spent two weeks reading Great Expectations, and then it took me 10 hours to write the three-page essay. Well, engineering courses are easy but important, as we know. But a writing course … I don’t know. I’ll just take a film class next semester, not hard at all – a two-paragraph review for each film. That will cover my humanities requirements. M: OK Stacey, listen: In college, I was the opposite. Math was hard; literature was easy. But later, when I opened my coffee shop, The Found Librarian, located on the 15th street, math helped me! W: Wait! You own The Found Librarian? That’s our favorite coffee place. We get coffee and screenplay at more than 30 different production dessert there every week – and work on math homework. M: Yeah, that’s my shop. Stacey, let’s reconsider. Success in life needs a variety of skills. Humanities majors need math. Engineering majors need writing skills. This writing class will
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serve you well. Go to the University Writing Center and sign up for free tutoring. Then stop by my office each Friday at 11 a.m. and I’ll work with you. Together you can succeed in becoming a strong writer. A good deal? W: Yes! Thank you, Dr. Pearl! Passage 1 Scripts In 1978, as I applied to study film at the University of Illinois, my father objected and quoted me a statistic, “Every year, 50,000 performers compete for 200 available roles on Broadway.” Against his advice, I boarded a flight to the US. Some years later, when I graduated from the film school, I came to understand my father’s concern. It was nearly unheard of for a Chinese newcomer to make it in the American film industry. Beginning in 1983, I struggled through six years of annoying, hopeless uncertainty. Much of the time, I was helping film crews with their equipment or working as editor’s assistant. My most painful experience involved shopping a screenplay at more than 30 different production companies, and being met with harsh rejection each time. That year, I turned 30. Yet, I couldn’t even support myself. What could I do? Keep waiting, or give up my moviemaking dream? My wife gave me strong support. Her income was terribly modest. To relieve me from feeling guilty, I took on all housework – cooking, cleaning, taking care of our son – in addition to reading, reviewing films and writing scripts. It was rather shameful for a man to live this kind of life. Afterward, I enrolled in a computer course at a community college. At that time, it seemed that only the knowledge of computer could quickly make me employable. One morning, right before she got in her car to head off to work, my wife turned back and – standing there on our front steps – said, “Ang Lee, don’t forget your dream.” Sometime after, I obtained funding for my screenplay, and began to shoot my own films. After that, a few of my films started to win international awards. Recalling earlier times, my wife confessed, “I’ve always believed that you only need one gift. Your gift is making films.” And today, I’ve finally won that golden statue. I think my own perseverance and my wife’s immeasurable sacrifice have finally met their reward. Q1: When did Ang Lee come to understand his father’s concern about studying film? Q2: What was Ang Lee’s most painful experience according to the passage? Q3: Why did Ang Lee enroll in a computer course at a community college? Q4: What did Ang Lee’s wife think of him according to the passage?
Passage 2 Scripts and answers Nothing succeeds like confidence. When you are truly and justifiably confident, it radiates from you like sunlight, and attracts success to you like a magnet. It’s so important to 1 believe in yourself. Believe that you can do anything under any 2 circumstances, because if you believe you can, then you really will. That belief just keeps you 3 searching for success, and then pretty soon you can get it. Confidence is more than an attitude. It comes from knowing exactly where you are going, and how you are going to get there. It comes from 4 a strong sense of purpose. It comes from a strong commitment to take 5 responsibility, rather than just let life happen. One way to develop self-confidence is to do the thing you fear and get a record of successful experiences behind you. Confidence does not equal self-importance. Self-importance is born out of fear and 6 insecurity, while confidence comes from strength and 7 integrity. Confidence is not just believing you can do it. Confidence is knowing you can do it, and knowing that you are capable of 8 accomplishing anything you want. Anything can be achieved through focused,
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determined effort, commitment and selfconfidence. If your life is not what you 9 are longing for, you have the power to change it, and you must make such changes on a moment by moment basis. Live with your goals and your plan of action, and live each moment with your 10 priorities in mind, then you will have the life you want.
Unit 2 Emotions speak louder than words

Further practice in listening Short conversations Scripts
Conversation 1 W: What’s up? You look so upset and tired. M: To be frank, I am getting a little tired of my sister’s vanishing without any explanation, especially when there is a lot of work to do around the house. Q: How does the man feel about his sister? Conversation 2 W: What’s wrong with Professor Smith? I can’t imagine that he lost his temper this morning. When I first met him, he looked so gentle and kind. M: Oh, don’t make a fuss about it. If you know him, then you’ll also know it’ll pass very soon. Q: What does the man say about Professor Smith?
Conversation 3 W: You mean Horace is still angry about that joke you made about his name? M: Yes. But I couldn’t help it. It just occurred to me at that moment. I didn’t mean to offend him at all! Q: What do we know about the man?
Conversation 4 W: By the way, did you hear that Jack failed his mid-term exam? It’s too bad because it will disqualify him for next year’s scholarship, and his parents will be really disappointed with him. M: He deserved it. He’s never really studied since last semester. Q: How does the man feel about Jack’s failing the exam? Conversation 5 W: I have been thinking about the interview all week. I’m so desperate for this job, I can’t afford any mistakes. M: Take it easy. You’ve made enough preparations. What you really need is a little bit of confidence. I’m sure you’ll get the job. Q: What do we learn about the woman?
Long conversation Scripts W: Happy Friday Chris! Isn’t that mountain beautiful today … Gosh Chris, are you OK? Are you crying? Did I say something? M: No, it’s fine, Sally. It’s just that today is the one-year anniversary of my father’s death. W: I’m so sorry. Today must be especially difficult. M: I woke up this morning, looked out at Mount Rainier for 45 minutes thinking about him. It was his favorite mountain, and from the time when I was seven years old until he died last year, every year, every year we would go hiking and camping together up that mountain at least three or four times. W: Wow. That’s my favorite place, too. I love all the blue and yellow flowers that cover the slopes in early summer. M: He loved those flowers, too, and we had baskets and bunches of them at the funeral. W: That sounds really special. Those little details can be such a comfort. M: Yes, it was a reminder of our happiest memories together. Honestly, I hope to die as peacefully as he did. We had just come home from a five-day hiking and camping trip in June. We had caught six fish for dinner and mom was preparing them in the kitchen. Dad sat down in his favorite green chair and had a heart attack and died quickly and peacefully. W: It’s tough to
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lose someone you love, but it sounds like he had a great life. M: He certainly did. He was 78 when he died. A good life, though, a very good life. W: Chris, take the day off. Maybe go hiking on Mount Rainier. It’s beautiful weather. It might make you feel better to hike up the mountain. M: Sally, you’re a good boss and a good friend. Thanks. Passage 1 Scripts With the fierce competition at work or in school, you are often stressed out and easily offended. How can you relieve such stress? Follow the following tips to reduce your stress to manageable levels! Avoid MUST think. You have to move away from the notion that you must do something in a certain way. For example, “I must get a great score on a test.” This thought pattern only adds to the stress you’ll feel. Evaluate your situation rationally and analytically, and not as a “life or death” situation. Clean up the mess. Don’t study in a messy or crowded area. Clear yourself a nice, open space that’s free from distractions. Set manageable goals. Break large projects into smaller parts and you’ll feel a positive sense of accomplishment as you finish each part. Imagine dumping your worries. Imagine yourself walking on a beautiful beach, carrying a sand bucket. Stop at a good spot and put your worries into the bucket. Drop the bucket and watch as it drifts away into the ocean. Think good thoughts. Create a set of positive but brief assumptions and mentally repeat them to yourself just before you fall asleep at night, and you will feel a lot more positive in the morning. Imagine yourself succeeding. Close your eyes and remember a real-life situation in which you did well. Imagine facing your stressful situation with the same feeling of confidence. Use your bed for sleeping, not studying. Your mind may start to associate your bed with work, which will make it harder for you to fall asleep. Listen to relaxing music. If you want to play music, keep it low in the background. Classical music especially can aid the learning process. Apply these tips to your own life, soon you’ll find fewer and fewer situations to feel stressful about. Q1: What will happen if you always think that you must do something in a certain way? Q2: How can you make large projects workable according to the passage? Q3: What is the benefit of classical music mentioned in the passage? Q4: What is the best title for the passage?
Passage 2 Scripts and answers Moods, say the experts, are emotions that tend to become fixed, 1 exerting an influence on one’s outlook for hours, days or even weeks. That’s 2 fabulous if your mood is a pleasant one, but it will be a problem if you are sad, anxious, angry or lonely. Perhaps one of the best ways to deal with such moods is to 3 talk them out. Sometimes, though, there is no one to listen. Modern science offers an abundance of drugs to deal with bad moods. But scientists have also discovered the practicability of several non-drug 4 approaches to release you from an unwanted mood. These can be just as useful as drugs, and have the added benefit of being healthier. So, the next time you feel out of sorts, don’t 5 head for the drug store – try the following approach. Of all the mood-altering self-help techniques, physical exercise seems to be the most 6 efficient cure for a bad mood. “If you could keep up the exercise, you’d be in high spirits,” says Kathryn Lance, author of Running for Health and Beauty. Obviously, physical activity 7 is linked with mood changes. Researchers have explained biochemical and various other changes that make exercise 8 compare favorably to drugs as a mood-raiser. Physical exertion such as housework,
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however, does little help, probably because it is not intensive enough, and people usually do it unwillingly. The key is physical exercise – running, cycling, walking, swimming or other sustained activities that 9 boost the heart rate, increase circulation and improve the body’s use of oxygen. Do them for at least 20 minutes a 10 session, three to five times a week. Unit 3 Love your neighbor
Further practice in listening Short conversations Scripts
Conversation 1 M: It’s considerate of the community to offer us old people so many chances. As you can see from my curriculum schedule, I have one music theory class and one piano lesson in the afternoon. W: I still have no idea which class I should choose. I think I may take music theory class with you. Q: What are the speakers doing?
Conversation 2 W: Let’s talk about the preparations for the coming Christmas party. M: I think we really need a good plan and to arrange everything well in advance this time. Do you remember what a mess it was last year? Q: What do we know about the Christmas party last year?
Conversation 3 W: John, could you look after the children for me while I go to the doctor? The only appointment I could get is at 11:00. M: All right. But I have to leave at 1 p.m. I’m going to a party in the afternoon. Q: What is the man supposed to do now according to the conversation?
Conversation 4 M: It’s said that you have a new handsome neighbor from Australia. How are you getting along with him, Mary? W: Oh, quite well. He is a person who always speaks his mind, and I guess he gets along well with the entire neighborhood. Q: What does the woman think of her new neighbor?
Conversation 5 W: I’ve heard that Mr. Smith is moving to a new apartment house at the end of this month. M: That’s wonderful. He’s been looking forward to moving to a new house for a long time. Let’s give him a hand this weekend. Q: What is the man going to do this weekend?
Long conversation Scripts W: Hello, Mr. Lucas, I’m here to ask for 10 days off work, next month, in August. Together with the two weekends, I’ll have a full 14 days off from work. M: Two weeks in August? Lucy, as the election season is coming, the news and stories are catching the eye of the public. We may need our best news producers – like you – to be here for interviews. What’s so important? W: I know it is a busy season, but I’ve been taking two weeks off every year to volunteer for Habitat for Humanity – it’s a commitment I’ve kept every year, no matter what. It’s such a great organization that builds low-cost homes for people in need. The work is all volunteering and most of the supplies to build the houses are provided for free. It’s a great way to build community and make friends. M: I love Habitat for Humanity! In XXXX, after Hurricane Katrina in Louisiana, over 150,000 volunteers helped build more than 2,200 homes. My daughter worked with them in New Orleans and my brother has volunteered with Habitat for Humanity for five years. W: Wow! You know my husband and I have been volunteering for six years here in Seattle. When I
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started, I didn’t even know how to hold a hammer, but now I’ve learned how to paint, build roofs, and even install kitchen sinks! I love the feeling of community we develop with our fellow volunteers and with the communities that benefit from our work. M: Alright! We’ll work it out. I’ll give you the time off. Maybe this year you can learn how to install doors as well! Q1: Why is the woman asking for two weeks off from work? Q2: Which of the following statements is true? Q3: According to the woman, why is she willing to volunteer for Habitat for Humanity? Q4: What do we know about the man from the conversation? Passage 1 Scripts The BBC’s iPM radio program asks its listeners for interesting questions. In response, a listener asked the following question: “I would like to ask a question about the relationships among neighbors. I mean those people who live in your immediate neighborhood. Many people we have spoken to have said they don’t know any of their immediate neighbors.” What about you? Do you know any of your immediate neighbors, in the sense of something more than exchanging “Good morning” or “Good afternoon”, for example? A research group carried out an investigation and asked people how well they know their neighbors and this is what the research group discovered. Surprisingly, 77 percent of people say they know their neighbors. It also emerged that if they live in a house, regardless of town or rural area, a massive 80 percent of them know their neighbors. However, the figure drops to 75 percent if they’re in a flat. The survey also revealed that people appear to get friendlier as they get older. In fact, only 64 percent of 18- to 24-year-olds know their neighbors, but for people aged 55-64 this number climbs to 88 percent. Interestingly enough, it turns out that men are a little less likely to say they know their neighbors than women, and the rich are closer to their neighbors than the less well-off. This topic was very popular with lots of BBC listeners and provoked plenty of comments on the BBC’s iPM website. One of the listeners said, “I only really got to know my neighbors when their house caught fire. We’re good friends now.” Another one recalled, “When we moved into our house three years ago, the first remark our neighbor made was, ‘So, you’re moving in? I hope you don’t have noisy kids.’ We reassured him we had no children and tried to make conversation but with no success.” Q1: What question did the research group try to find an answer to? Q2: Which age group is more likely to know their neighbors? Q3: Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? Q4: What do the website’s comments mentioned at the end of the passage imply?
Passage 2 Scripts and answers Many neighbor disputes end up in court because of poor communication. If something dangerous or 1 illegal happens, the cops are the obvious solution. But if problems that arise are grayer, communication is the best way to save money and trouble. Here are some tips to be a good neighbor and deal with a bad one: ? Get to know each other. Being a good neighbor doesn’t mean 2 taking family vacations together. Just knowing them well enough to say hi, or maybe borrowing a cup of sugar or loaning a gardening tool, can build trust and understanding. Issues are much more likely to occur among strangers than even casual 3 acquaintances. ? Head off problems before they’re problems. If you are 4 throwing a party at your place, go to all neighbors who might be affected and offer them two things: a 5 verbal invitation to the party and a card with your phone number. If they
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are not 6 tolerant of the noise or there are other problems, your neighbors can call you instead of asking the police to 7 intervene. ? Tell your neighbors what’s bothering you – don’t assume they know what the problem is. Be open and direct, not passive-aggressive. Ask for their opinions, and wherever possible, propose a solution that 8 splits the difference and demonstrates a willingness to compromise. Stay cool and positive, even if your neighbors are not. ? Check with other neighbors. See if anybody else on the block is having similar issues – they may be willing to help 9 resolve it. If one of the neighbors is close to the troublemaker, have them come with you when you 10 talk it out. Bottom line? As with any relationship, being a good neighbor – or dealing with a bad one – is all about communication. Unit 4 What’s the big idea?
Further practice in listening Short conversations Scripts
Conversation 1 M: Ted said he’d made up his mind to quit school and set up his own computer company. W: He’s told many people about his plan but I wonder where he could get so much money. Besides, he never showed any real curiosity in our computer class. He is a complete layman as far as the computer is concerned. Q: What does the woman mean? Conversation 2 W: It is reported that researchers have developed tiny engines which are able to break down the pollutants in wastewater to create clean water. I think that’ll be great news to people in areas lacking water. M: Well, I am thinking that whether people in those areas can afford the engines. Q: What is the man worried about?
Conversation 3 W: Driving all the way to work and back every day really makes me exhausted. If only the cars could drive automatically. M: Well, haven’t you heard that some engineers are working on intelligent cars? I suppose that you will soon be able to purchase one as long as you can afford it. Q: What can we infer from the conversation?
Conversation 4 M: A Dutch airline rolled out a new program recently. It enables travelers to choose their seat partners based on the online profiles of those sharing the flight. Passengers can make a match by offering their Facebook data, depending on whether they’re looking for a potential personal or business relationship. W: Aha, that’s really a fantastic idea. I’d like to have a try as early as possible. Q: What are they talking about?
Conversation 5 M: I am thinking of starting my own business. But I haven’t got any idea of what to do. It seems that many young people are pouring into the online business. W: If I were you, I’d like to offer the online video editing service. Many people shoot videos but don’t know how to edit. Maybe this is the online business opportunity for you! Q: What does the woman suggest the man do? Long conversation Scripts M: Alas! This creative writing class is too much! I have to write a five-page short story by October 8th, and I have no idea what to write about. W: We’re already two months into the semester, you must have written stories before now. What did you write about last time? M: That’s just it –
we’ve only had to write
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true stories so far, funny little things that happened to us or our families. My first three stories were about hunting or fishing with my childhood dog, Brownie, and visiting my grandmother during the summers when I was in high school. This time, it has to be fictional. Hey! You’re a great artist, how do you get your ideas? W: Thank you, but I’m not sure painting and writing are exactly the same. When I’m ready to start a new painting, I usually go for long walks along the beach or out in the woods. I find most of my inspiration in nature. M: Hmm … I don’t think that would really work for me. I need characters and a plot. W: You should try hanging out at the train station. There are always interesting people with odd hats or accents coming and going, dramatic goodbyes and romantic reunions. Just sit in the lobby for an hour or two and watch everyone. Try to imagine who they are, where they’re going, why they’re in such a hurry. M: The train station? That’s actually a pretty good idea! How did you come up with such a great idea? W: I’m glad you like it, but I can’t take any credit. It’s an old trick I learned from many artists and writers. You just need something new and exciting to get those creative ideas flowing. Q1: What’s the problem with the man? Q2: How does the woman get her ideas before painting? Q3: What is the man’s attitude toward the woman’s way of getting inspiration? Q4: What does the woman suggest the man do at the train station? Passage 1 Scripts We may take the invention of the toilet for granted, but it is something many of us would have a hard time learning to live without. Public sanitation systems were invented long ago, but when was the toilet invented? The story of the toilet takes us back to 1596. The toilet was created by Sir John Harrington for his godmother, Queen Elizabeth I. Harrington called his design a “water closet”, and his water closet was installed in Queen Elizabeth’s castle in 1596. The original toilet, or water closet, had a knob on a chain that had to be pulled in order for the water to be released from a bowl. Underneath the bowl, there was a basin or collection bowl that had to be emptied and cleaned often. It is not the sanitary and pleasant way for removing waste that we know of, but it paves the way for later improvements. Over time, many inventors improved Harrington’s original water closet by improving the pipes that were attached to the bottom and the flush system that built upon the original toilet. By 1896, Thomas Crapper began to sell toilets. Crapper saw the importance and necessity of the toilet, and he used his admiration for the product to help promote and sell the toilet. Harrington’s invention is, without a doubt, one invention that would be hard to live without. Inventors will continue to develop upon Harrington’s original water closet. Q1: Who invented the first toilet according to the passage? Q2: What was one of the problems with Harrington’s water closet? Q3: How did inventors improve the original toilet according to the passage? Q4: Which of the following can best summarize the passage? Passage 2 Scripts and answers Scientific research should improve our overall quality of life. The government should provide financial and political support to any research that is likely to result in immediate and significant benefits for the people. However, people’s ideas 1 vary when it comes to whether the government should support scientific research with no practical use. Still 2 a large portion of people believe that the government should distribute adequate funds to any scientific research that aims to
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improve the 3 well-being of people, even if it is of no practical use in the short run. Scientific research whose social benefits are immediate, predictable, and 4 profound should continue to be a high priority. For example, biotechnology research has been proven to help cure and prevent diseases; information technology enables education to be more 5 accessible; and communication technology facilitates global peace by improving mutual understanding among people and their participation in the democratic process. However, this is not to say that research whose benefits are less immediate or clear should be given a lower priority. It is difficult to predict which research will 6 ultimately lead to the greatest contributions to society. Reluctance to finance less practical scientific research could 7 have a harmful effect on the efforts to explore new knowledge. This is particularly true of the computer sciences. For instance, before the first computer was invented, public opinions 8 went against it, as most people saw nothing practical in computer research. However, computers transformed the way human society evolved and proved to be of great avail in the long run, especially in terms of scientific development in fields such as the military, medicine, 9 aviation, and education. Therefore, never should we think that scientific research whose benefits are unknown 10 is not worth pursuing since the purpose of any research should be to discover truths, whatever it might be. Unit 5 More than a paycheck
Further practice in listening Short conversations Scripts
Conversation 1 W: I just want to burst into my boss’ office and tell him that I quit. He promised to give me a promotion, but he went against his word. M: Well, if I were you, I’d bite my tongue and wait until I get a better job. Q: What is the man’s advice for the woman?
Conversation 2 M: Now suppose I was to stay at home and do all the housework and look after the children while my wife went out to work. What would you think about that? W: Well, you know … I’d rather do it the other way round. Q: What does the woman imply?
Conversation 3 M: I am really sorry for this, but I hope that you can understand my reason for deciding to leave, Mrs. Smith. W: Well, do I have to remind you that we have invested a lot of time and money in your career here? Q: What does Mrs. Smith imply?
Conversation 4 W: It looks that you are a bit tired. I’ve noticed that you’ve been sitting in front of the computer for an hour. Why don’t you stop and have a coffee break? M: I’ve got to finish this report and I can’t leave it until the deadline. Q: What does the man mean?
Conversation 5 M: When Jane told me that she was going to quit her job, I just thought she was kidding. You know, it’s a good job and she is well paid. W: I see your point, but she said she was tired of counting other people’s money. Q: What can we learn about Jane from the conversation?
Long conversation Scripts M: Michelle, I really wish I could quit this awful job – today – if I could afford to pay my rent without it. Just think of working outside in
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this terrible heat the whole summer … I dream of my future when I’m rich! W: Oh Mark, it’s not that bad! I’ll admit, it’s crazy hot, and I’d love some ice-cold lemon juice right now. But you’re only a gardener, how do you think you’ll ever get rich? Do you think you’ll plant a money tree and harvest bags of gold? M: I may be only a gardener now, but I’ll be rich some day. I’ll start my own business and make millions! I’ll have a corner office in a big building with a big black leather chair and a view of the whole city! W: Well, I have no idea it is so easy to be a millionaire! If it’s as simple as that, I think I’ll be rich, too. But I’m not going to work in some boring office. M: Oh no? Where then? If you could have any job in the world, what would it be? W: Any job in the world? I suppose I’d want something fun. Hmm … maybe play video games for a living … or maybe I could be a pilot … or a professional ballroom dancer! That’s it! I could be a dancer, waltzing around the floor in beautiful evening dresses! M: You, dancing? I’m not so sure about that … You ballroom dancing … hmm … W: Oh, please. I’ve taken ballroom dancing for seven years and I’m really good! You should see me … Want to go dancing next Thursday at 8 p.m.? Q1: What is the man complaining about? Q2: What does the man dream of being? Q3: What is the woman’s attitude toward the man’s dream? Q4: What does the woman dream of doing? Passage 1 Scripts Once I had a wonderful job at a marvelous firm. I had flexibility, an understanding boss, and a high salary. I loved my job. But after six years of trying out various professional roles, I felt that I had grown beyond the fixed positions available at the company. I must admit that having a lot of money is nice. Money can buy you things, nice things. However, the popular saying is true – money cannot buy you happiness, and having it doesn’t mean that you are a successful person. After several years, I realized that the more money I made, the less satisfied I became. Days started to blend into one another, time flew by, and I deeply longed for something with more meaning. Upon realizing that I was trading my time for money, I started experimenting with other income sources. I’ve started and ended businesses, I’ve turned hobbies into professional pursuits, and I’ve tested out different investment strategies. In the end, I’ve learned that it doesn’t matter what you are doing. As long as you are doing something that expresses your passion, you will feel great and you will gain satisfaction. I’ve also learned that starting something from scratch and watching it grow is deeply rewarding. Through my quest for passion, I’ve discovered blogging as a platform where I can share ideas and lessons learned that are closest to my heart, as a way to serve others. For the first time in my life, I feel that I am living my life’s purpose. Q1: Why did the speaker get tired of her job at the company? Q2: Which of the following is true about money according to the speaker? Q3: What can bring satisfaction according to the speaker? Q4: What does the speaker find most suitable for her now?
Passage 2 Scripts and answers A poorly trained manager can make an employee’s life miserable. In 99 out of 100 cases, employees may 1 suffer from low spirits and then gradually become no longer 2 enthusiastic about their jobs just because they have a boss who doesn’t approve of them, doesn’t listen to them, or generally 3 erodes their self-esteem. Three basic skills that every manager should use in order to be 4 competent on the job are: being specific, enhancing others’ self-esteem and listening
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effectively. Being specific means giving 5 clear-cut instructions about what is to be done and the results to be achieved. Being specific also means describing the behavior of people rather than 6 labeling people. It includes giving both positive feedback that tells them what to repeat and corrective feedback that is firm, yet not critical. Then it 7 comes down to evoking in the employees self-esteem. Self-esteem is a private, individual matter. It is not fixed, but goes up and down from day to day, or even from hour to hour. Thus, building self-esteem is no easy task. Managers can’t MAKE people feel good about themselves, but rather, they need to help people develop their own self-esteem as self-esteem is like a door that’s locked from the inside. A final skill that today’s managers need more than ever is listening. Listening may seem like a 8 commonplace skill, but it’s not practiced as much as it should be in business today. People 9 tend to think about what they are going to say in response when another person is talking, instead of 10 focusing on what that person is saying and what he / she means.
Unit 6 Histories make men wise
Further practice in listening Short conversations Scripts
Conversation 1 M: That’s a big assignment we got for the English class this week, and for the European History course, we still have a presentation about artists in the Renaissance to prepare. W: Well, it’s not as bad as it looks. The assignment isn’t due until Friday morning. Q: What does the woman imply?
Conversation 2 W: Are you coming with me to the history museum, Jack? The TV program I saw last night reminded me of some important historical figures I like. M: I saw that, too. Maybe next time, because I already have my hands full with this book report. Q: What is the man’s reply to the woman’s suggestion?
Conversation 3 W: Today on History says that Ford Model T which was introduced in 1908 was regarded as the first affordable American automobile. M: Yeah. The country has become “a nation on wheels” since the last century. I was reading that there are about four million miles of roads and highways in this country now. It seems as if we were married with cars. Q: What does the man mean?
Conversation 4 W: We usually think of history as the story of important people and events, but some historians in the 20th century are also interested in the daily lives of ordinary people. M: That’s true. They can even learn a lot from studying old family pictures. For example, the number of children in a picture indicates the size of the family; the clothes they wore suggest the popular fashions of the time. Q: What does the man think of historians?
Conversation 5 W: Hi, Sam. Are you ready for the history test this Friday? I see you are still playing games. M: Well, that’s my way of dealing with stress. You know, I’m afraid of memorizing all those odd names and dates. I shouldn’t have taken this course, to be frank. Q: What does Sam imply?
Long conversation Scripts W: It is hot outside! M: Hi Daisy! What is it, 75 degrees Fahrenheit? W: It’s over 100
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Grandpa! You’re just cool because you’ve had the air conditioning on! I’ve been working in the yard all morning. I’m so hot and I feel like I’m melting! M: At least you can come inside and have a nice cool glass of lemon juice. W: And I sure need it! I’ve been baking in the Arizona sun for two hours now, and I can’t imagine anything better than standing in the cool air enjoying an ice-cold drink. M: Back when I was your age, we didn’t have any air conditioning. Willis Carrier didn’t invent air conditioning until 1902, and it wasn’t available in people’s homes until after World War II. W: Wow! What was life like for you? M: I worked as a farmhand for the neighbors, building fences all day. You should have seen me when I was 13, sunburned and dirty. W: And you still lived in Arizona back then? M: No, I was in Texas. We survived the heat by swimming all the time. There was a stream running through the farm, and every few hours, I would leap into the water! Even with my clothes completely soaked with water, the sun would still dry me off in 10 minutes! W: I know you didn’t have cell phones and computers, but I forget about the little comforts like the air conditioning. M: Yes, a lot has changed, but not this summer heat! W: I wonder what scientists will come up with in the next century to keep us cool. M: I’d like a weather machine to make it rain during these long dry spells. W: Personally, I hope someone invents a personal ice cream machine! It could follow me around all day making chocolate ice cream! Q1: What was the girl doing on such a hot morning? Q2: What do we know about the air conditioning from the conversation? Q3: What can we learn about the man when he was 13? Q4: What would the girl like to have in the next century to keep cool? Passage 1 Scripts Almost 70 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sports was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started in England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change. Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who left Germany because of the Nazi persecution of the Jews, was asked by the British government to set up an injuries center at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London in 1943. His methods for treating injuries included sports for the disabled. In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast. In 1960 the first Paralympic Games were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games. Since then, the Paralympic Games have taken place in the same year as the Olympic Games. The 1988 Summer Paralympics in Seoul was a landmark for the Paralympic movement. It was in Seoul that the Summer Paralympic Games were held directly after the Summer Olympic Games, in the same host city and using the same facilities. This set a precedent and was eventually formalized in an agreement between the International Paralympic Committee and the International Olympic Committee in XXXX. The Paralympic Games have been a great success in promoting international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can’t enjoy sports. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the Paralympic Games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events in the Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded.
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Q1: What was Sir Ludwig Guttmann’s greatest contribution to the disabled? Q2: When were the first Paralympic Games held? Q3: What was special about the 1988 Seoul Paralympic Games? Q4: What do we know about the Paralympic Games from the passage?
Passage 2 Scripts and answers The Sultana was a Mississippi River steamboat destroyed in an explosion on April 27, 1865. An 1 estimated 1,800 of the 2,400 passengers were killed, and the Sultana sank not far from Memphis, Tennessee. This disaster received little public attention, as it took place soon after the President Abraham Lincoln was 2 assassinated. The wooden steamboat was constructed in 1863 and 3 was intended to be used for the lower Mississippi cotton trade. Registering 1,719 tons, the steamboat was built to carry no more than 376 people. For two years, it ran a regular route between St. Louis and New Orleans. Sometimes it was asked to carry troops. The Sultana left New Orleans on April 21, 1865. Most of the passengers were Union soldiers who had recently been 4 released from Confederate prison camps. The US government had 5 made a contract with the Sultana to transport these former prisoners of war back to their homes in the north. At 2 a.m. on April 27, about seven miles north of Memphis, at least one boiler 6 gave way, causing a huge explosion that destroyed the center portion of the boat, throwing sleeping men high into the air before landing in the river. Confusion and chaos 7 ensued as men tried to save themselves and others. Many drowned while others burned to death. The direct cause of the explosion was later determined to be the leaky and poorly repaired steam boiler. Passengers who 8 survived the initial explosion had to risk their lives in the icy water of the Mississippi or burn with the ship. Many died of drowning or coldness. Bodies of 9 victims continued to be found downriver for months. Many were never recovered. Some of the Sultana’s crew, including the captain, were among those who 10 perished. Unit 7 For every question there is an answer
Further practice in listening Short conversations Scripts
Conversation 1 W: Can you help me check if I damaged my laptop? I spilled coffee on it yesterday. I need to email some important business partners this afternoon. M: Of course, but I’m not sure I can help you. With spills, sometimes problems don’t always show up right away. Q: What does the man say about the woman’s laptop?
Conversation 2 M: Well, I think the heating unit in my living room has stopped working because I have turned the switch all the way up but it is still freezing in here! W: Oh. Have you tried turning it completely off for a while and then restarting it? There should be a little red light glowing next to the power switch to indicate that it is working. Q: How can the man solve the problem of the heating unit according to the woman?
Conversation 3 W: Professor Lee said that the mid-term exam would cover the first eight lessons. M: Really? I thought it would only include the first five lessons. If that’s the case I must spend the weekend going over the rest of the lessons. Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?

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Conversation 4 M: We have had trouble with the project because my partner and I had totally different ideas about how to move forward. Could you give me some suggestions please? W: Why don’t you meet each other halfway? Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
Conversation 5 W: You know, I’ve got another job offer recently. But I don’t know how to decline the former one. M: You can simply tell the employer that you have found another job that is more suitable for your current situation. Just be as polite as you can and of course you must thank them as well for their consideration. Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?
Long conversation Scripts M: Megan? Um … Can I ask you a few questions? … I need some help. I’m really worried about my Intro to Psychology class. W: What’s wrong Tim? I thought you loved that class … Are you having trouble with the essays? M: No, writing essays is fine … But I’m really struggling with the test. I read the textbook over and over, but I just can’t get a handle on some of the concepts. I understand the words, but I can’t seem to understand how the concepts fit together … W: Have you tried talking to the professor? I’ve heard that Dr. Smith is really helpful. My friend Maggie took that class and said that she would have failed it if she hadn’t met with Dr. Smith every week during his office hours on Wednesday at 11 a.m. M: No, no! I’m way too shy. Every time he calls on me in class, I’m so nervous I can’t speak. I’m just so worried, and I don’t know what to do. W: You could try talking to the teaching assistant, Jane. She is known for making the complex ideas of psychology easy to understand, plus she’s really easy to talk to, because she is a great listener. Maybe she can help! Jane’s office hours are on Thursday at 1 p.m. M: OK. Teaching assistant, Jane, Thursdays at 1 p.m. Any other ideas? W: Yeah. Don’t forget about the Internet. Try doing a little research online. A lot of university professors post video lectures that are free to watch. For a class like Intro to Psychology I bet you can find some great lectures online that will be a big help. M: Thanks Megan! I’ll try it! Q1: What is the man’s problem according to the conversation? Q2: Why is the man afraid of asking the professor for help? Q3: What can we know about the teaching assistant from the conversation? Q4: What else will the man probably do in addition to talking to the teaching assistant? Passage 1 Scripts Every relationship in our life – friendships, family ties, romantic and professional relationships – can potentially be destroyed by conflicts. The solution is not to ignore the conflicts or keep moving around hoping to find a set of perfect people. Resolving conflicts in relationships is one of the most important life skills we should develop and it is something we need to value. So how to resolve conflicts? First, if we have a difficult issue, it is important to see the problem from the other person’s perspective. This does not mean we have to agree with their viewpoint; it means we try to see the issue from a different perspective. This empathy can at least help us understand where they are coming from, and why they have their particular attitude. If we only look at things from our own perspective, conflicts will be much more likely to occur. Second, we need tolerance. A major cause of conflicts in relationships is when we expect people to behave in a certain way. The problem with expecting certain behavior from others
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is that we get upset when they fail to live up to our expectations. We need to be tolerant of other people’s mistakes and limitations. We have to respect their decisions on how to live their life. Third, we should talk. When tense situations arise, talking can be the most effective way of moving past the problem. When talking we should try to focus on positive issues and look for things which we agree on and can work together on. Some things are best left unsaid; it is inadvisable to bring up old conflicts unless absolutely necessary. No conflict is unsolvable. If we are willing to change our attitude we can develop harmony even with difficult people. If we can develop harmony in our relationships, it will definitely make a big difference to our life. Q1: Why is it important to “see the problem from the other person’s perspective” according to the passage? Q2: What is a major cause of conflicts in relationships according to the passage? Q3: How should we solve the problem by way of talking? Q4: Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this passage? Passage 2 Scripts and answers Research shows a close relation between reading speed and understanding that in most cases an increase in rate 1 was accompanied by an increase in comprehension and a decrease in rate brought decreased comprehension with it. However, simply speeding the rate especially through forced 2 acceleration may actually result in making the real reading problem more 3 severe. The obvious solution, then, is to increase rate as a part of a total 4 endeavor of the whole reading process. Then how? You can prepare for maximum increase in rate by establishing 5 practicable habits, such as avoiding rereading and whispering while reading, learning to adjust reading rate to increase comprehension. Rate adjustment may be overall adjustment, or internal adjustment within an article. As an 6 analogy, imagine that you plan to take a 100-mile mountain trip in three hours, averaging about 35 miles an hour. This is your overall rate adjustment. However, in actual driving you may slow down to 15 miles per hour on some curves, while 7 speeding up to 50 miles per hour on relatively straight sections. This is your internal rate adjustment. Poor results are inevitable if the reader 8 attempts to use the same rate for all types of material and for all reading purposes. A good reader adjusts his / her reading rate from article to article, or even within a given article. So you need to 9 foster a good reading habit by daily training until a flexible reading rate becomes 10 second nature to you.
Unit 8 Communication: then and now
Further Practice in Listening Short conversations Scripts
Conversation 1 W: Mobile phones are changing campus life. Almost everyone is carrying one in our dorm, texting friends all the time. M: That’s true. In classrooms, the untimely ringing interrupts lectures and destroys the atmosphere of study. The mobile phone users themselves also suffer. Q: What’s the man’s opinion of mobile phones on campus?
Conversation 2 M: Hi, what instant messenger do you usually use? I want to add you to my contact list so that we can chat online. W: Sorry, I don’t use any chatting
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software. I still prefer the traditional face-to-face contact, and I think that makes me feel safer. Q: Why doesn’t the woman have an instant messenger?

Conversation 3 M: Elizabeth, could you do me a favor and send this email to all the faculty members of our department? W: Sorry, the network in our company is down, and the engineers are trying to locate the problem, but they promised that the network will be recovered before three in the afternoon. Q: What does the woman imply? Conversation 4 M: I was frustrated yesterday at the party where my classmates were having a get-together five years after graduation. I just couldn’t stand that almost everybody was checking their cell phones for emails or texts constantly without concentrating on our conversation. W: Well, you are not alone. But actually I am trying to adapt myself to this new way of life. Q: Why was the man frustrated with the get-together yesterday?
Conversation 5 W: You know what? Jenny found her boyfriend through an online dating. That’s really amazing. But why couldn’t I find my love in the cyber world? M: I guess you would probably change your mind if you hear that they already broke up last week. Q: What does the man imply?
Long conversation Scripts W: Oh! My letter came! Finally! I wrote to Beth over two weeks ago and I’ve been checking the mail for the past four days waiting for her response. M: Who’s Beth? And why are you jumping up and down like a puppy dog because of her letter? W: She’s my pen pal in Sydney, Australia. We met in Granada, Spain last summer when we were both there on vacation. She works as a nurse in the emergency room at a hospital in Sydney and has a five-year-old son just the same age as my daughter. M: A nurse in Sydney, Australia? You’re an accountant in Miami, Florida. What on earth do you guys talk about? I mean, you can’t talk about politics or local events, or even the weather … W: Oh, there’s more to people than their jobs or the weather! We’re friends! We both love to collect seashells, we both have a five-year-old child, and we’re both huge fans of old cowboy movies! M: Well, if you’re so excited to hear back from Beth in Sydney, Australia, why not just email? You could send and receive emails within the hour, instead of waiting 10 days to two weeks for the mail. W: Of course, it’s
much faster to send emails, but there’s something exciting and wonderful about receiving old-style letters – to feel the paper in your hands, to read and reread the thoughtful words and ideas … It’s like a surprise gift arriving in the mail from a faraway place. M: Um, I can understand that. It’s a wonderful kind of waiting when I order a new book in the mail. I love it when it arrives … Well worth the wait! Q1: Why is the woman so happy? Q2: What is the woman’s job? Q3: Which of the following would be most likely to be talked about between the woman and her pen pal? Q4: Why is the woman more willing to receive old-style letters instead of emails from her friend?

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Passage 1 Scripts New technology and social media sites are constantly changing, evolving and developing, which means the face of personal communication is also changing. These changes, however, often mean people are having less and less face-to-face interaction. Email, texting, and Facebook are just a few examples of media that have diminished verbal communication; verbal communication has decreased dramatically from just 20 years ago, when most of the technology used today did not even exist. Email, starting during the 1970s but not becoming popular in the public sphere until the 1990s, was one of the first forms of online communication technology to come about that is still used today. Email is currently the most popular form of online communication, even after discounting the large volume of spam messages sent. According to a survey, about 188 billion emails are sent out per day, and 79 percent of people use their smart phones to check their email, a much higher percentage than the 43 percent who use them to make phone calls. Texting has also increased dramatically since it first came about in the 1990s and is now used for communication more than making phone calls. More than 70 percent of people use their smart phones to text, according to a survey. Sending messages through social media sites, such as Facebook, is also taking the place of verbal communication. More than four billion messages are sent daily over Facebook. Although this is far behind the rate of emails being sent, it is almost equal to the number of texts sent per day in the US, making up a large portion of the way people communicate. It is no secret that time spent on new technology and social media sites is increasing immensely, creating less time for real-life interactions. Likewise, there is no doubt that as these numbers continue to rise, face-to-face and verbal communication will continue to decrease and possibly even become a mere trend of the past. Q1: Which of the following is the most popular form of communication according to the passage? Q2: How many people use their smart phones to text, according to the passage? Q3: What do we know about the number of messages sent daily over Facebook? Q4: What is probably the speaker’s attitude toward the trend of decreasing face-to-face and verbal communication?
Passage 2 Scripts and answers The most useful bit of the media is disappearing. In North America, newspapers are now an 1 endangered species. The business of selling words to readers and selling readers to advertisers, which has sustained their role in society, is 2 falling apart. Of all the old media, newspapers have the most to lose from the Internet. Circulation has been falling in many countries. But in the past few years the Web has hastened the decline. In his book The Vanishing Newspaper, Philip Meyer 3 calculates that the first quarter of 2043 will be the moment when newsprint dies in America as the last exhausted reader 4 tosses aside the last crumpled edition. Advertising is following readers who 5 turn to the Internet. The rush is intense, largely because the Internet is an attractive medium that 6 unprecedentedly matches buyers with sellers and proves to advertisers that their money is well spent. In Switzerland and the Netherlands newspapers have lost half their 7 classified advertising to the Internet. Newspapers have not yet started to 8 shut down in large numbers, but it is only a matter of time. Over the next few decades half of North America’s general papers may fold. Jobs are already disappearing. According to the
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Newspaper Association of America, the number of people employed in the newspaper industry fell by 9 approximately 18 percent between 1990 and XXXX. Moreover, this year Morgan Stanley, an investment bank, attacked the New York Times Company, because its share price had fallen by nearly 50 percent in four years. This may suggest, to some extent, that tumbling shares of listed newspaper firms have prompted 10 fury from investors.

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