七年级下册英语语法
一、there be
1. there be句型（一）
(1)句型结构为：there be(is/are)+某物／某人+地点／时间（介词短语），意为“某处／某地有某人或某物”，表示存在的一种状态，句中be动词的选择由其后面的名词确定．有两种句式：
①There is +单数名词／不可数名词+介词短语。
②There are +名词复数形式+介词短语。
③be动词后面的名词如果是由and连接的几个名词时．be动词应遵循就近原则，即与邻近名词的数保持一致。
(2)there be结构的否定句直接在be动词后面加not。
(3)there be结构的疑问形式直接把be动词提前，句末加问号。
肯定回答：Yes，there is/are.
否定回答：No，there isn't/aren't .
-Are there any books about Chinese history? 有关于中国历史的书吗？
-Yes.there are./No,there aren't. 是的，有。／不，没有。
-Is there a computer in your study? 你的书房有电脑吗？
-Yes,there is，/No，there isn't. 是的，有。／不，没有。
2. there be句型（二）
(1)针对there be结构的名词提问，常常用what's+地点状语，名词无论是单数形式还是复数形式，be动词都用is，且常省略there。如：
There is a desk in the room. （对画线部分提问） 房间里有张桌子。
—— What's in the room? 房间里面有什么？
There are many students in the classroom．（对画线部分提问） 教室里有许多学生。
—— 教室里面有什么？
(2)针对there be结构中名词的数量提问，用how many或how much提问，后面要紧跟这个名词 .如：
There' s a coat on the bed（对画线部分提问） 在床上有一件衣服。
——How many coats are there on the bed? 在床上有多少件衣服？
There' re some meat in the bowl?（对画线部分提） 在碗里有一些肉。
—— 在碗里有多少肉?
3. there be句型（三）
there be与have(has)的用法区别：
there be句型表示“某处／某时有某物或某人”，强调的是一种客观存在，但have表示“某人或某物有……”，强调的是拥有或占有，即某物或某人与主语是所属关系，但有时它们也可以相互转换。
二、时态
1. 一般现在时（常与频度副词never, seldom, sometimes, often,usually等连用）
一般现在时表示：
（1）现在所处的状态。Jane is at school.
（2）经常或习惯性的动作。I often go to school by bus.
（3）主语具备的性格和能力。He likes playing football.
（4）客观真理。The earth goes round the sun.
常用的时间状语：often, always, usually, sometimes, every day等等。
行为动词的一般现在时，助动词是do/don’t和does/doesn’t.
当主语是第一、二人称和所有复数形式时，行为动词用原形。
肯定式：I go to school on foot.
否定式：I don’t go to school on foot.
疑问式：Do you go to school on foot? —Yes, I do. —No, I don’t.
当主语是第三人称单数时，动词用第三人称单数形式，在词尾加-s或-es。
肯定式：He goes to work by bus.
否定式：He doesn’t go to work by bus.
疑问式：Does he go to work by bus? —Yes, he does. —No, he doesn’t.
重点句型
—How do you usually come to school? —I usually come to school by subway.
—How often do you go to the library? —Once/Twice/Three times a week/Very often/Every day/Sel
go to…on foot= walk to I often go to school on foot. =I often walk to school.
go to…by bike = ride a bike to ...
go to…by car = drive a car to ...
go to…by plane = fly to ...
go to…by bus = take a bus to ...
2. 现在进行时
⑴现在进行时表示正在发生或进行的动作，常与now, at the moment, look, listen等词语或者短语连用。
⑵结构：主语+be(is,am,are)+现在分词。如：
Mary is having lunch with her parents now. 玛丽正和她的父母一起吃午餐。
They are doing their homework at home. 他们正在家里做家庭作业。
现在进行时态的肯定、否定和疑问式
肯定式：I am running. You are running. He/She is running.
否定式：I’ m not running. You aren’ t running. He/She isn’ t running.
一般疑问句及回答：—Are you running? —Yes, I am./—No, I am not.
—Is he/she running? —Yes, he/she is./ No. he/she isn’ t.
⑶动词的现在分词的构成规则：
① 一般在词尾加-ing。 如：drink-drinking
②以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加ing。如： make-making close-closing have-having
③以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加ing。如：sit-sitting begin-beginning shop-shopping
三．情态动词
情态动词基本用法：情态动词+动词原形
can能力（体力，智力，技能）/允许或许可（口语中常用）/可能性
can和could“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can’t语气强，用于肯定、否定、疑问句中。
Can he be in the office now? No, he can’t be there, for I saw him in the library just now.
(语气很强，常用于疑问句和否定句中)
must必须，应该（表主观要求）:must“肯定，一定”语气强，只用于肯定句中。
例如：He must be a man from America.
You must obey the traffic rules.
should 应当，应该（表义务责任）/本该（含有责备意味）
will意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉will not/won’t do
四．数词
数词有两种：
1.表示数目的词叫基数词，如one，two，three，four等；
2.表示顺序的词叫序数词，如first，second，third，fourth等，使用序数词时前面必须加the，但之前有this/that /my等限
五．常用的表达方式
1.表示时间的介词用法
(I)in用于一段时间。如年份、季节、月份等。
如：in 2012在2012 in spring在春季 in February在二月
(2)on用于具体的某一天或某一个特定的上午、下午或晚上。
如：on Saturday 在星期六 on October lst，2012 在2012年10月1日
on a rainy morning在一个下雨天的早晨
(3)at用于具体的时刻。如：at 7:30在7:30
(4)一些固定搭配。如： at night ,at noon , in the morning／afternoon/evening
2. 介词用法小结
(l)in意为“在…里”。如：The boxes are in the drawer．盒子在抽屉里。
(2)on意为“在…（表面）上”。如：The fork is on the plate叉在盘子上。
(3)behind意为“在……后面”。如：What can you see behind the chair?
(4)under意为“在…下”。如：What's under the bed? 床下面是什么？
(5)near意为“在…附近”。如：My home is near a bookshop我家在书店附近。
(6)next to...意为“挨近，靠近”。如：Who is sitting next to you? 谁坐在你旁边？
(7)in front of意为“在……前面”。如：
There is a big tree in front of the garage. 在车库的前面有一棵大树。
(8)in the center of意为“在……中心”。如：
There is a park in the center of the city. 在城市的中心有一个公园。
(9)on the left/right of意为“在……左边／右边”。如：
Tom sits on the left of Jack．汤姆坐在杰克的左边。
(10)at the back of意为“在……后面”。如：
Who is that boy sitting at the back of the classroom坐在教室后面的男孩是谁？
3.特殊疑问词小结
(l)what意为“什么”。如：
what class什么班级 what time几点 what color什么颜色
what kind of什么种类的 what day星期几
(2)which+n.意为“哪一个（些）”。
(3)问方式及状况：how
问数量多少：how many+可数名词复数
how much+不可数名词
问多少钱：how much+ -般疑问句
(4)问频率：How often+ -般疑问句，意为 “多久一次…．．”。
(5)问多长时间或物体有多长：how long
(6)问年龄：how old
(7)问多远／多高／多宽 how far/high／tall/wide
(8)问原因：why
(9)问地点：where
(10)问何时：when
(11)问是谁who
4.问路与指路的表达方式
(l)问路的表达方式：
Is there a... nearby/near here?
Where is...?
Can you tell me the way to...?
Could you tell me how to get to...?
How can I get to:..?
Which is the way to..?
(2)指路的表达方式：
go down/along the street go straight tum left/right
on the right/left There is a... on the left/right
5. how long，how far与how often的用法
(l)how long意为“多久”，常常对一段时间提问。如：
You can keep the book for a week．（对画线部分提问）你能借这本书一周。
我能借这本书多久？
(2)how far意为“多远”，常常对表示距离的词提问。如：
It is five kilometers away from here to my school（对画线部分提问）从这到学校有5公里远。
从这儿到你学校有多远？
(3)how often意为“多久一次”，常常对表示频率的词提问。
表示频率的词有：always，never，seldom，often，usually，every day，once/twice a week等。如：He often goes to the park.（对画线部分提问）他经常去公园。
他多久去一次公园？
巧辩异同 1. a few与few a few “一些”，few“很少，几乎没有”，修饰可数名词。
a little与little a little“一些”，little“很少，几乎没有”，修饰不可数名词。
2. talk, say, speak与tell
(1) talk“交谈”，表示通过谈话方式交换意见、消息等。
(2) speak“说话”，强调开口发声，后常接某种语言。
(3) say “说”，强调所说的话的内容。
(4) tell“告诉”，有时兼含“嘱咐”“命令”等。
tell a truth说真话，tell a lie说谎, tell a story 讲故事等固定搭配。
拓展: go+v.-ing 表示去做某事：go fishing 去钓鱼 go shopping 去购物 go boating 去划船
范例作文
My School Life
Hi! I am Li Ping. I’m fourteen years old. I come from a small village of Fujian. I am a student of Class 5, Grade 7. My School life is very interesting. Class begins at 7:45a.m. I have five classes in the morning. In the afternoon, I often have three classes. We learn Chinese, English, math, history, biology, geography, politics, physics and so on. I like P.E. best. Because having sports is good for us. Sometimes, I go to the school library. In my spare time, I often practice speaking English with my good friends. And my teachers and classmates are very friendly to me. I like my school life very much.
My Home
Welcome to my home! This way please! Look! In front of my home, there is a big yard. There are some trees and flowers in the yard. The kitchen and dining room is on the first floor. On the second is a living room, a study, two bathrooms and three bedrooms. The living room is in the center of the house. We often watch TV there. My bedroom is on the right of the house. There are pictures on the wall. There is a computer on my desk. I often study on it. I like English, so there are many English books in my room! Is it my bedroom beautiful?
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