教师资格证考试英语学科专业知识与教学能力备考策略分析

发布时间:2020-01-12 15:26:37   来源:文档文库   
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教师资格证考试英语学科专业知识与教学能力备考策略

英语学科专业知识与教学能力总分150分,全国统考分数线是70分。其中传统选择题20小题,共40;阅读选择题10小题,共20;简答题1小题,共20;教学情境分析题1小题,共30;教学设计题,共40分。所涉及到的内容主要是语言知识与能力,例如语法、阅读理解和语言学;语言教学知识与能力,例如常用教学法、语音词汇语法语篇等语言知识教学以及听力口语阅读写作等语言技能教学;教学设计,主要涉及到听说课、阅读课等课型;以及教学实施和评价部分。

首先语言知识与能力部分,分值占到27%左右,主要以单项选择题的形式考察。在备考过程中首先掌握词法及句法等基础语法知识,尤其是时态语态、三大从句、主谓一致、虚拟语气以及词义辨析等重要内容;其次语言学知识,考察的比较基础,所以牢牢掌握基础语言学知识,例如语言观、语言本质特征、主要功能及其主要分支等;最后是阅读理解部分,教师资格证考试的阅读理解相对来说难度不大,涉及的内容较为广泛,例如政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯等。平时注意相关词汇的积累以及做题技巧的掌握,例如关键词定位法。

其次是语言教学知识与能力部分,分值也占到27%左右,主要以单项选择和简答题的形式考察。在备考过程中首先掌握英语常用教学法,例如翻译法、听说法、交际法、认知法、任务型教学法、直接法和情境教学法等,注意把握其概念、特点及优缺点。其次是语言知识教学和技能教学的教学内容、原则及方法等。

第三是非常重要的教学设计部分,分值占到27%左右,主要以教学设计题的形式考察。初中主要考察听说课的教学设计,高中主要考察阅读课的教学设计,其中主要包含教学目标、教学重难点及教学步骤的设计。英语教学目标包含三维目标,分别是知识目标、能力目标和情感目标。设计技能教学的教学步骤主要采用PWP模式。备考过程中注意观察教案的写作模式,根据不同教学内容设计不同教学活动,多多练习。

第四是教学实施和评价部分,分值占到19%左右,主要以简答题和教学情境分析题的形式考察。纵观历年考题,提问与反馈以及教学评价部分在历年教资考试中都有体现。因此在备考过程中注意这部分内容的记忆。而情景分析题的考察较为灵活,是在对基础知识的牢固把握上对课堂进行灵活掌握,例如分析教学目标、教学内容、教学步骤(一般选取其中一两部分)及提问或反馈方式等。

非谓语解题技巧

非谓语动词,英语语法中的重要组成部分,在教资或者教招中逢年必考,均以单选题的形式出现,纵观历年真题,非谓语出现过4次,稳居排行榜第二的位置。从下图可知。

非谓语动词包括动词不定式,动名词和现在分词三种。其考查量多、面广,几乎是必考的一个知识点。考生对此知识也“一知半解”,深感头疼。在此,为广大考生提供非谓语知识的解题技巧及相关练习。

在此之前,先总结一下非谓语的时态与语态的变化。

12字箴言:谓非谓,找主语,析语态,定时态】

【妙语解析】

一、谓非谓:判定句子中是否用非谓语形式。方法:一个句子中只能有一个位于动词,分析句子结构,若出现两个动词,必有一个要采取非谓语的形式。

1._____many times , but the student still couldn't make it which made the teacher angry.

2. _____many times , the student still couldn't make it which made the teacher angry.

A. Having been taught B. Taught C. He was taught D. Although he had been taught

分析:

1. 此为两个并列句,用转折连词but 连接,缺少的是谓语动词,所以不采取非谓语的形式。

2. 句中用逗号隔开,且无连词引导,因此,前面不是完整的句式结构,只是句子的一个成分,故选A,用非谓语动词作状语。被教了很多次,这个学生仍然不会做,这让老师很生气。

即有逗号,无连词,则选用非谓语的形式。

Exercises

1. ______to the right , you'll find the bus station .

2 ______to the right , and then you'll find the bus station .

A.Turning B. Turn C. To turn D. Turned

KeyAB

二、找主语:找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法:非谓语动词在功能上虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词的特点,其逻辑意义上动作的发出者就叫做逻辑主语。

1. ____ to the market, these products sell good.

A. Introducing B. Introduced C. Introduce D.Being introduced

分析:

由句意可知,首次面市的这些产品销量很好。被推向市场的是这些产品 these products,这就是非谓语部分的逻辑主语, 与句子的主语一致, 故选B

Exercises

1._______no more traffic , we had to wait to be picked up home by Tom.

2.______Saturday, I can have two days off to go shopping.

A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It being

KeyAD

三、析语态 判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的语态关系。方法:分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。

1.______from the hill, the village looks atractive .

2.______from the hill , I can see a beautiful village.

A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. See

分析:

这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没有明显的的逻辑主语, 根据分析,

1.从山上看,村庄看起来很有吸引力。看的动作是人出发的,而句子的主语的村庄,可是 “看”与“村庄”是被动关系,则选用过去分词。A

2. 从山上看,我可以看到一个美丽的村庄,非谓语动词是看,是我发出的动作,与句子的主语一致,且是主动关系,则选用现在分词,即ing形式。B

Exercises

1. The flowers ____ , my mother put them in the yard.

2. ____ the flowers ,my mother put them in the yard .

A. been watered B. watered C. were watered D. having watered

KeyBD

四、定时态:判断时间关系,最终确定时态。方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词的动作是发生在何时,在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时发生?之前常用过去分词done; 之后常用不定式to do; 同时常用动名词或分词doing

1. The building ______now will be a hospital.

2. The building ______last year is a hospital

3. The building ______next year will be a hospital .

A. having been built B. to be built C. being built D. built

分析:

此三句话中的主语都是building,与非谓语动词build是被动关系,大楼被修建,所以均采用被动语态,四个选项均符合。再结合句中的表示时间的关键词进行下一步分析,

1 .now现在, 表示大楼正在被修,所以用进行式,C

2.last year 是典型的时间标志,表示去年建的大楼,事情发生在过去,故选用过去分词,D

3. next year 明年,表示大楼将被修建,是将来时的标志. 这里用不定式to do 的形式。B

Exercises

1.He stood there ______for his friends who were twenty minutes late

2. ______ for twenty minutes , he still stood there .

A. to wait B. waiting C. Having waited D. waited

KeyBC

阅读理解题解题技巧

阅读理解主要考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力,包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评估能力等。试题中所选的阅读文章题多样化,涉及政治经济、社会文化。风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面。除了要了解文章题材外,在考试中掌握正确的解题技巧也是尤为重要的。下面就来介绍几种在考试中常见的解题技巧。

【秒杀答案“八大技巧”】

1、注意支干词数最多的选项。一般说来,支干项越长,词数越多,所包含的信息就越多越全面,当然正确性就越大。对论述性的文章或科技知识的理解,运用此法特别有效。

2、暂缓考虑含有alleverywholecompletelycertainlysurely等词的选项。因为这些词语表达的意思太绝对,常常有悖于文章的内容。

3、重视包含有perhapsmaybealmostpossiblyprobably等词的选项。因为这些词语使表达比较婉转,逻辑上成立,符合常理,因而正确率高。

4、留心“Both A and C”“All above”或“None 此类的选项。答案的可能性较大,因为它们包含的信息较多。

5、选项意思相反的应特别注意,答案可能就是其中一个。

6、关注“We dont know. It is not talked about in the passage.”或“We are not sure about this.”这样的选项,因为此类选项的表述十分巧妙,让你忙乎了半天找不到答案,最后再以这样的表述跟你开个玩笑,使你难以置信,不敢下手,实际上很有可能它就是正确答案。

7、盯住标题与首句。大凡文章标题均很醒目、突出、体现全文大意所在。因此一看到标题,我们可大致推测出文章的大意。标准的英语论述问就像我们过去的八股文,具有固定的行文格式和要求。首句常为主题句。当然,主题句也可出现在段落的中间和结尾。只要抓准了主题句就可大大提高阅读速度和理解的正确率。

8、谨慎推理。suggestinfer等引起的推理题时,要进入角色,不能越俎代庖,不能将自己的观点强加于文章的作者。推理题不可能从原文字面完全相符的选项肯定不对。要顺藤摸瓜,靠船下篙,一定要根据文章的上下文和表达的语气,顺着星闻脉络,得出符合文章内容的推理和判断。

英语教学设计《Which is your favorite season

Teaching Aims:

Knowledge Aims:

Students can understand the basic meaning of seasons, get to know how to describe activities.

Ability Aims:

Students can use some simple English to communicate in English class.

Emotional Aims:

(1) Students can be inspired in learning English, and can join in practicing oral English.

(2) Student can cooperate with others actively.

Teaching Key Point:

Students can describe activities in different seasons.

Teaching Procedures:

Step 1: Warming up

1. Daily greeting

2. Sing a song the more we get together to inspire students interests.

Step 2: Presentation

Play a guessing game with Ss. Show four pictures, let students guess what is the boy/girl doing in the pictures. Students answers.

Guide Students to use words we have learned about seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winter.

T: When can we swim?

S: Summer

T: When can we plat trees?

S: Spring

T: When can we make a snowman?

S: winter

Teacher write down the expressions of activities on blackboard: swim, fly kites, make a snowman, plant trees

Step 3: Consolidation

Show a short dialogue:

Which is your favorite season?

Winter. I can make a snowman.

Make 2 students a group to practice this dialogue with new phrases.

Invite a group to make a performance, let others make a short evaluation.

Step4: Summary & Homework:

Invite some volunteers to conclude this lesson, then teacher make a conclusion. And make students create a dialogue with the structure which season do you like very much?.

Blackboard Design:

教师资格考试高频考点解析之英语语言学

一、语音学及音系学之高频考点

()Phonetics

Phonetics studies speech sounds, including the production of speech, how speech sounds are actually made, transmitted and received, the description and classification of speech sounds.

语音学研究人类发音的特点,特别是言语语音特征、并对语音进行描写、分类和转写。

根据图1,即言语表达过程的三个环节:说话者、空气和听话者。语音学一般分为三个分支:发音语音学(articulatory phonetics)、声学语音学(acoustic phonetics)及听觉语音学(auditory phonetics)

在语音学中的三个分支中,发音语音学相对来说更成熟,所以在语音学中主要研究发音语音学。The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important areas: the pharyngeal cavity—the throat, the oral cavity—the mouth, and the nasal cavity—the nose.

人类的发音器包含在三个重要的位置:咽腔喉咙,口腔嘴,鼻腔鼻子。英语语音分为辅音和元音,可以通过如下表巧记。

()Phonology

Phonology studies the rules governing the structure, distribution, and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables. It deals with the sound system of a language by treating phoneme as the point of departure. There are some important definitions in phonology that we should pay more attention.

1. Minimal Pair

When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two sound combinations are said to form a minimal pair. For example, dill and kill are a minimal pair because they differ from each other by the initial sound [d] and [k].

最小对立体:如果两个词,除了出现在同一位置上的一个音以外,其余的音都相同,那么这两个词就构成了一个最小对立体。

2. Phonemic Contrast

If two phonetically similar sounds are two distinctive phonemes, they are said to form a phonemic contrast. For example, /p/ and /b/ in /pit/ and /bit/.

音位对立:两个完全不同的音素,构成音位对立。如音位/p//b/在音素[pit][bit]中是属于音位对立。

最小对立体和音位对立虽是两种不同概念,但是本质是找出语言中的音位,只是对象有所不同,最小对立体是针对两个词,而音位对立则是针对两个音素。

3. Complementary Distribution互补分布

If two phonetically similar sounds are allophones of the same phoneme, then they do not distinguish meaning, but complementary each other in distribution, i.e. they occur in different phonetic environments, they are in complementary distribution. For instance, the clear [l] always occurs before a vowel while the dark [l] always occurs between a vowel and a consonant, or at the end of a word. So the allophones are said to be in complementary distribution.

互补分布:如果两个发音相似的音是用一个音素的音位变体,他们不能区分意义,且在分布上互补的,即他们出现在不同的语音环境中,他们就是互补分布。例如,[l][l]都是/l/的音位变体,而[l]总是在元音前,而[l]则在元音与辅音之间,或在词尾,两者位置互补,属于互补分布。

二、例题分析

1. 2013年上半年全国教师资格考试-英语学科知识与教学能力初级中学】

Which of the following consonants doesnt fall under the same category according to the voicing?

A.m B.b C.d D.p

解析:考查语音学辅音知识。︱p︱属于清辅音,︱m,b,d︱属于浊辅音。故选D

2. In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t] [d] [s] [z] [n] share the feature of _____.

A. palatal B. alveolar C. bilabial D. dental

解析:以上五种音标都属于齿槽音。其它选项,palatal腭音,bilabial双唇音,dental齿音。故选B

3.2014年上半年全国教师资格考试-英语学科知识与教学能力高级中学】

Sip and zip, tip and dip, map and nap are all _____.

A. minimal pairs B. diphthongs C. allophones D. phonemes

解析:考查语音学知识。最小对立对(minimal pairs)是指只有一个音素不同的一组单词。sip [sip]zip [zip]tip [tip]dip [dip]map [mæp]nap [næp]都是最小对立对。其他选项,diphthong“双元音”,allophone“音位变体”,phoneme“音位,音素”,故选A

三、总结

语言学虽说是较为抽象的理论课,内容颇多,专业术语也很多,但是在教资考试中,考生只需要了解语言学的基本知识即可,这也是我们通过对历年的教资真题的剖析而得出的结论,所以考生在教资考试过程中遇到语言学不要被这个“纸老虎”吓住,要透过语言现象看语言的本质,用正确的方法解析语言学的题目。

教师资格考试之英语学科备考——名词性从句

综合历年真题,可以看出,主要为:一,单项选择题,考察考生的语言知识与能力和语言教学知识与能力。二,阅读题,考察考生对英语国家的语言文化的了解。三,简答题,考察英语知识教学理论,英语语言技能教学理论,教学实施理论。四,教学设计题,考察对课堂教学的掌握情况。五,教学情景分析题,考察综合分析能力。除了单选考察语法和词汇外,教学设计题要求用英语来作答。从中可以看出英语的重要性。那么要想学好英语,语法又是很重要的。而语法中,三大从句又是关键。今天我们就来看看名词性从句的考点和注意事项。

一、三大从句的定义

从句是相对于主句而言的,它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句( 包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句( 即定语从句)、副词性从句( 即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。从定义可以看出,名词性从句,主要是原来可以由名词承担的一些成分,如主语,宾语,表语,同位语,现在由句子来承担。换言之,即从句在句中充当名词性成分,我们把这样的从句叫做名词性从句。而定语从句,主要是原来做定语的成分,如形容词,现在由句子来承担,所以称为定语从句,或形容词性从句。副词性从句,主要是原来做状语的成分,如副词,现在由句子来承担,所以称为状语从句,或副词性从句。

二、名词性从句考点梳理

名词性从句主要包括主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句四种,下面我们一次来看看各个从句的主要考点。

1. 主语从句

在主语的位置上用一个句子承担成分。主语从句出现在谓语动词之前。

考点一:主语从句的引导词经常出现在教师资格证的考题中:如: What makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. 常见的连接词如下:从属代词:that(常放在句中,不可省) whether(可以放在句首)if(只能放在句中);连接代词:who whoever whom whose what whatever which whichever; 连接副词:when where how why等。.

考点二:主语从句常常会考到it做形式主语的主语从句。由于真正的主语比较长,而把真正的主语放到句子的后面,而用it做形式主语,放到句子的开头,如:It happens that they were absent.

2. 表语从句

在表语的位置上用一个句子来承担成分。表语从句出现在系动词之后。

考点一:表语从句的引导词:that whatwhowhen wherewhich why whetherhowwhoeverwhomeverwhicheverwhatever等。还有如becauseas ifas though等。要注意if不能引导表语从句。例:The question is whether we really need their help.

考点二:表语从句常见的固定结构:The reason...is that...; That is because...; That is why...; It seems/looks as if ...等。

: The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

3. 宾语从句

在宾语的位置上用一个句子来承担成分。宾语从句出现在谓语动词之后。

考点一:宾语从句的引导词:that ;ifwhether可以互换;疑问词(whathow wherewhen )。例:None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

考点二:宾语从句中要用陈述语序。例:I dont know whether she will come or not.

4. 同位语从句

考点一:常见的可以跟同位语从句的词(抽象名词: factnewswordquestionnewsproblemidea suggestionadvicethoughthopefact)

考点二:常见引导词:thatwhether howwhenwhere等。注意 if which 不能引导同位语从句。例:The question whether she will come or not is not settled.

考点三:同位语从句和定语从句的区别:(1)同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,常常可以用“......”替换;而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,常常可以用“......”来替换;(2)引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成分;而引导定从的that是关系代词,在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。这一点也是定语从句和同位语从句的根本区别。

例:The suggestion that she should stay in the room is good.

解析:that在从句中不做成分,并且suggestion和“she should stay in the room”是同位的关系。可以判断为同位语从句。整句话的意思是:她应该待在房间里,这个建议是好的。

The suggestion that she has given in the meeting is good.

解析:that 在从句中做宾语,因为从句中she has given 缺少宾语。而suggestion即是give的宾语。可以判断为定语从句。整句话的意思是:她在会议上给的建议是好的。

通过以上的梳理,可以看出,引导词是这部分考察的重点,同时在分析句子的时候,要注意划分句子主干,找出句子的谓语动词,那么在谓语动词之前的从句就是主语从句,在谓语动词之后的从句是宾语从句(系动词后面的从句是表语从句),如果出现一些常见的名词,后面很可能是同位语从句。在平时多加分析和练习,相信大家很快能把这部分学好。

英语教师资格笔试备考之英语发音中易错点

音系学与音位学是全国统考教师资格考试科目三《英语学科知识与教学能力》的必考点,而几乎每年单项选择题第一和第二题都会对发音进行考察,因此结合汉语的发音特点,详细介绍中国学生易错读音势在必行。本文将对辅音连缀、失爆、不完全爆破和连续等发音现象进行解析,旨在帮助中国学生改正发音习惯。

一、辅音连缀

两个或者两个以上的辅音相邻称为辅音连缀,中间不可加12号元音/ə/。辅音连缀出现在词首、词中和词尾或者出现在短语中间。广义上讲,不完全爆破等也是一种辅音连缀。本节重点介绍词首和词尾辅音连缀。

1.词首辅音连缀

<1>/s/+/ptkfmnlwj/ 辅音/s/必须轻而短促,第二个辅音长而响亮。

例如:speak star skate sphere smart snow sleep sweet suit

<2>/pbkg/+/lrj/第一个爆破音轻而短促,第一个音的爆破与第二个辅音同步进行。

例如:play cry pure

<3>/f θ,ʃ /+/lr/ 摩擦音和第二个辅音同步进行。

例如:fly throw shrimp

<4>/sp/+/lr/

/st/+/rj/

/sk/+/rw/

第一个摩擦音/s/短而轻,第二个爆破音必须少送气并与第三个辅音同步完成。

例如:splendid spray street student scream square

2.词尾辅音连缀

<1>辅音+/sztd/:名词复数,单三,动词过去式、过去分词等,遵循发音规则:前清,后清;前浊,后浊。

例如:cats lips beds bags

<2>/ft st ldndnzks ps sk/+/sztd/

有些单词的词尾已有辅音连缀/ft st ldndnzks ps sk/等,如再加上/sztd/,则构成三个辅音的连缀。

例如:lifts rests fields bends bronzed taxed lapsed asked

<3>/ftdln ŋ /+/θ/

辅音/ftdln ŋ /常和后面辅音/θ/构成辅音连缀。

例如:fifth eighth breadth health

二、失爆和不完全爆破

爆破音和爆破音相邻,第一个爆破音只形成阻碍,但不发生爆破,称失爆。爆破音和其他辅音如摩擦音、破擦音相邻,该爆破音形成阻碍,不完全爆破。失爆和不完全爆破是英语语音学习中的重点,也是一个难点。下面列举规则如下:

<1>爆破音和爆破音相邻,第一个爆破音只形成阻碍,但不发生爆破;第二个爆破音完全爆破。若第二个爆破音在词尾则必须轻化。

例如:september robbed blackboard rubbed begged

<2>爆破音和其他辅音如摩擦音、破擦音相邻,该爆破音形成阻碍,但不完全爆破。

例如:advance success

<3>爆破音/td/+/mn/ /td/音形成阻碍,词末必须通过鼻腔爆破;在词中则形成阻碍,不完全爆破。

例如:certain hidden utmost admit

<4>爆破音/td/+/l/ /td/形成阻碍,词末必须舌两侧爆破;在词中形成阻碍,但不完全爆破。

例如:little lately badly

注:实际上失爆和不完全爆破发生在词组中的几率要比发生在单词中大。其失爆和不完全爆破的规则同上。

三、连续

人们在流利交谈中,音素之间必然产生连读现象。连读是快速语流的自然结果,也可以使语流更加流畅,表达更得体。连读主要发生在一个词组内,有下列三大类:

1.词末辅音和词首元音连续

例如:put it on take it off

2.词末元音和词首元音连续

例如:go on how old

3.词末不发音的/r/和紧接其后的词的词首元音连续,/r/必须发音。

例如:far away for ever

总之,以上发音为英语独特发音特点,与汉语拼音发音有很大不同,应引起中国老师及学生的注意,平时多加练习,使自己的英语发音更加纯正地道。

从历年教资真题看语言学考什么

语言学是教资考试的一大瓶颈和短板区,很多考生在备考中感到头痛,不知所云,只是片面地或机械地记忆,结果适得其反,造成失分,其实考生只要能认真地去理解语言学的考点,集中突破、深化集训、熟巧通用,语言学就不再是被考生视为一个碍点而是一个得分的亮点了。

接下来,我将帮助考生明晰教资考试中语言学考什么?又怎么考?

纵观历年教资真题,精析考查聚点,其每年考查的高频考点有:

考点一 理论综述

2014年上半年全国教师资格考试英语学科知识与教学能力初级中学】

Which of the following may illustrate the difference between competence and performance?

A. What a person knows and what he/she does.

B. What a person can do and what he/she does.

C. What a person does and what he/she knows.

D. What a person does and what he/she can do.

★考点:

语言学理论综述部分主要考查学生对知识点的记忆理解能力,涉及的知识点有:语言的本质特征、语言的主要功能、几对重要的区别性概念。该部分知识主要以记忆、理解为主。

考点二 语音学

2015年上半年全国教师资格考试英语学科知识与教学能力高级中学】

In terms of the place of articulation, [t], [d], [s], [z], [n] are all _____.

A. palatal B. alveolar C. bilabial D. dental

★考点:语音学与英语教学直接相关,是教资考试中的高频考点,重点考查辅音、元音按照不同发音方式和方位的发音特征,该部分知识主要以记忆、区别为主。

考点三 音系学

2014年下半年全国教师资格考试英语学科知识与能力高级中学】

Which of the following is the proper pronunciation of have to as a result of assimilation?

A. /hef tu/ B. /hev tu/ C. /hæf tu/ D. /hæv tu/

★考点:音系学是教资考试中的重中之重,也是考生比较容易失分的知识,该部分重点考查最小对立对、音素、音位等的区分,尤其考查语流音变、重音、语调等知识在具体教学中的运用。该部分知识主要以理解为主,要将理论知识运用到具体知识点中去。

考点四 形态学

2013年下半年全国教师资格考试英语学科知识与能力初级中学】

The word chronology contains _____ morphemes.

A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 5

★考点:形态学是教资考试中的另一大高频高点,几乎每年都会有涉及,重点考查某个单词中包含的语素个数。需要注意的是:语素是含有语义的最小的语言单位,很多考生会以音节为单位去划分语素,这是形态学中考试的一大严重误区,建议考生通过整理、复习相关真题,把握规律,真正理解。

考点五 语义学

2014年上半年全国教师资格考试英语学科知识与教学能力初级中学】

The question How fast did he drive when he ran the red light? _____ He ran the red light.

A. presupposes B. entails C. contradicts D. includes

★考点:语义学主要考查句间意义关系,主要以蕴含和预设为主,该部分知识需要考生结合例句真正理解蕴含和预设两种语义关系,而不是死记硬背理论知识。

考点五 语用学

2014年上半年全国教师资格考试-英语学科知识与教学能力高级中学】

What maxim is flouted in such extreme example of tautologies as Boys are boys, and Lies are lies?

A. The maxim of quantity B. The maxim of quality

C. The maxim of relevance D. The maxim of manner

★考点:语用学主要考查会话含义、合作原则、含义特征,其中合作原则的题目涉及的较多,主要是以理解、运用为主,该部分知识需要通过分析例子真正理解。

考点六 二语习得

2013年下半年全国教师资格考试-英语学科知识与能力高级中学】

Some Chinese learners of English tend to pronounce this as [dis]. This is an example of ____.

A. intralingual errors B. interlingual errors

C. cross-association D. overgeneralization

★考点:二语习得主要考查中介语知识,该部分知识主要以记忆理解为主,同时也注意区分其他概念性知识,比如对比分析、错误分析等。

英语阅读理解之七选五题型点拨

一、命题特点

“七选五”这类题型要求根据给定短文,在7个选项句子中分别选出5个符合语法知识、逻辑结构和前后意思衔接的选项,补充到原文划线的填充处,使原文成为一篇意思完整、前后连贯的短文,该题型主要考查了阅读能力、基础知识(语法、词汇)和综合逻辑思维推理能力。

二、解题步骤:

1.走马观花

快速阅读全文要点词句,包括首尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带转折词的句子等,掌握文章的主要内容。

2.按图索骥

(1)看空前空后。由于补全短文空出的是整个句子,而这些句子与句子之间,必然有一种联系,因此我们可以通过选项中某个词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性,从而选择正确的答案。

(2)注意某些信息线索及连接性词汇,“小词帮你出大力,时态帮你理顺序”,这些线索可以表现句子与句子之间的关系,通过不同的连接性词语我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。句子之间的连接性的词语一般有下面一些:

承接关系:so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result

平列关系:first, second, third; firstly, secondly, thirdly; first, next, then; in the first place, in the second place; for one thing, for another thing;to begin with, to conclude

转折关系: however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise

层递关系:also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, whats more, too, either, neither, notbut, not onlybut also

(3)边读边做。边读边做最重要的是要读懂空缺处前后的句子,明白这几句话的确切意思,然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性判断出主旨,然后从选项中寻找相关的信息内容,以确定正确答案。

3.完璧归赵

重新阅读相关词句,即将所选的选项带入文中,看是否有牵强附会之处,意思是否连贯,行文是否流畅。

三、实例分析

Warren Buffett

For someone who is such a successful investor, Warren Buffett comes off as a pretty ordinary guy. He was born on August 30, 1930. ______1______ He used to go door-to-door and sell soda water. When his family moved to Washington, Buffett became a paperboy for The Washington Post. Buffett ran his five paper routes and even added magazines to round out his product offerings. While still in school, he was making $175 a month, a full-time wage for many men.

______2______ He spent $1,200 on 40 acres of farmland in Nebraska. He and a friend also made $50 a week by placing pinball machines in barber shops. They called their venture (企业) Wilson Coin Operated Machine Co. Already a successful small-time businessman, Buffett wasnt interested in going to college but ended up at the University of Pennsylvania—his father encouraged him to go. ______3______ But he was turned down in what had to be one of the worst admission decisions in Harvard history. The outcome affected Buffetts life, for he ended up attending Columbia Business School, where he studied under Professor Benjamin Graham, the father of securities analysis who provided the foundation (基础) for Buffetts investment strategy. From the beginning, Buffett made his fortune from investing. He started with all the money he had made from selling soda water, delivering papers, and operating pinball machines. Between 1950 and 1956, he grew his $9,800 to $14,000. ______4______ And then he gradually drew in other investors through word of mouth and very attractive terms. ______5______ He doesnt collect houses or cars or works of art, and he disdains (鄙视) companies that waste money on expensive cars, private dining rooms, and high-priced real villa. He is a creature of habit—same house, same office, same city, same soda water.

A. Then Buffett applied to Harvard Business School.

B. Buffett is more likely to be found in a four-star restaurant.

C. When he was 14, Buffett still kept great interest in investment.

D. Even as a young child, Buffett was serious about making money.

E. Buffetts investment strategy mirrors his lifestyle and overall philosophy.

F. From there, he organized investment partnerships with his family and friends.

G. One thing is for sure about Buffett: he is happy doing what he is doing.

通过对文章整体的阅读,我们可能发现B选项G和文章的主题无关,因此,可以初步断定这个选项是干扰项。

我们也可以边做边判断,每一个空格处都先暂时选上一个我们认为对的选项,用剩下的选项逐个去和每一空格处前后的句子进行衔接,看文章整体意思是否通畅,段落之间是否连贯,信息表述是否清晰。

1前面所述,Buffett是一个平凡的人,空格后讲述他小时候就开始赚钱,所以选项D Buffett小时候就认真赚钱符合题意;

2置于句首,可能是个主题句。整个第二段讲述的是年轻时的Buffett以及Buffett和朋友们一起创业开公司的情况,所以C选项When he was 14, Buffett still kept great interest in investment.;

3前后讲述的是巴菲特受教育的事,所以A选项巴菲特申请了哈佛商学院符合题意,而且这段前后还有Harvard等信息词出现;

4这段讲述了巴菲特的创业经历,所以选F;

5这一段总结概括巴菲特的处事风格,所以选E

结语

此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试,不仅要有阅读速度,要对所读文章的主旨要义、具体信息要有所了解,尤其重要的是要掌握作者的写作意图、观点,区分出论点和论据,并且能够把握文章的写作结构和脉络层次,只有了解了这一切,才能比较准确地确定应该选择哪个选项,因此有必要对这类题型的答题思路多练习,以提高在这个部分的应试能力。

全国教资统考:高中英语-教学实施与评价之提问方法分析

一、高频考点

1.课堂提问的意义 meanings of asking questions

(1)增进学生对教学的参与improve students participation

(2)启发学生的思维活动 inspire students to think by themselves

(3)获得教与学的反馈信息 get teaching feedbacks

(4)提示学习重点 present key points

(5)提高交际能力 improve communication skills

2.课堂提问的原则 principles of asking questions

(1)审时度势,注意适时性 time should be appropriate

(2)明确目的,具有针对性 goals should be clear and to the point

(3)循循善诱,注意启发性questions should be inspiring and guided

(4)角度新颖,激发趣味性 interests should be stimulated

(5)面向全体,注意广泛性 students should be extensively involved

(6)逐层递进,关注探究性 inquiry study method should be concerned

(7)适当肯定,反馈激励性 feedbacks should be advocated

3.课堂提问的基本方法 methods of asking questions

(1)营造情境提问法 asking by conducting situations

无论什么对话,只要与真实生活有密切联系,都可以借助设置真实生活的场景,让学生如临其境来进行对话。

(2)鼓励学生自学提问法 asking by encouraging students to do independent study

教师要依据学生的心理特征、知识基础和思想认识特点,引导鼓励学生动脑质疑,找出自己尚不明白的问题,大胆地提出问题。

(3)诱发想象提问法 asking by activating imagination

此类提问的目的是使教材内容贴近实际生活,同时又把实际生活引入教学过程中,使课文学习与现实社会紧密联系,激发学生的联想能力,使新旧知识融会贯通。

(4)运用分析提问法 asking by analyzing

对于有关人物和有一定故事情节的教学内容,学生比较感兴趣,理解起来也比较容易。但对于“可望而不可及”的问题,可引导学生对文中人物的性格和心理进一步分析,让他们顺着教学内容的思路开动脑筋,积极思考。

二、每日一练

课堂提问的作用是什么?

全国教资统考:初中英语-教学实施与评价之提问方法分析

一、高频考点

1.课堂提问的意义 meanings of asking questions

(1)增进学生对教学的参与improve students participation

(2)启发学生的思维活动 inspire students to think by themselves

(3)获得教与学的反馈信息 get teaching feedbacks

(4)提示学习重点 present key points

(5)提高交际能力 improve communication skills

2.课堂提问的原则 principles of asking questions

(1)审时度势,注意适时性 time should be appropriate

(2)明确目的,具有针对性 goals should be clear and to the point

(3)循循善诱,注意启发性questions should be inspiring and guided

(4)角度新颖,激发趣味性 interests should be stimulated

(5)面向全体,注意广泛性 students should be extensively involved

(6)逐层递进,关注探究性 inquiry study method should be concerned

(7)适当肯定,反馈激励性 feedbacks should be advocated

3.课堂提问的基本方法 methods of asking questions

(1)营造情境提问法 asking by conducting situations

无论什么对话,只要与真实生活有密切联系,都可以借助设置真实生活的场景,让学生如临其境来进行对话。

(2)鼓励学生自学提问法 asking by encouraging students to do independent study

教师要依据学生的心理特征、知识基础和思想认识特点,引导鼓励学生动脑质疑,找出自己尚不明白的问题,大胆地提出问题。

(3)诱发想象提问法 asking by activating imagination

此类提问的目的是使教材内容贴近实际生活,同时又把实际生活引入教学过程中,使课文学习与现实社会紧密联系,激发学生的联想能力,使新旧知识融会贯通。

(4)运用分析提问法 asking by analyzing

对于有关人物和有一定故事情节的教学内容,学生比较感兴趣,理解起来也比较容易。但对于“可望而不可及”的问题,可引导学生对文中人物的性格和心理进一步分析,让他们顺着教学内容的思路开动脑筋,积极思考。

二、每日一练

Which of the following nominating patterns can a teacher adopt to ensure that all students are activity involved in classroom activities?

A. Nominating those who are good at English.

B. Asking questions in a predicable sequence.

C. Nominating students after the question is given.

D. Nominating students before giving the question.

全国教资统考:高中英语-教学设计之教学目标分析

一、高频考点

教学设计部分不仅会考到教学设计题本身,也会涉及到简答题,尤其是教学目标这一部分内容,还会涉及到情景分析题,占分值较大,希望大家重视。

三维教学目标Teaching Aims/Objectives

教学目标是指教学活动实施的方向和预期达成的结果,是一切教学活动的出发点和最终归宿。教学目标包括三个层次:知识目标(Knowledge objective)、能力目标(Ability objective)、情感目标(Emotional objective)

1.知识目标(Knowledge Objective):指本堂课中要让学生了解和掌握的主要知识点。对于英语教学来讲,一堂课汇总的知识目标从语言教学知识角度看是词汇、句型、语法等。从教学技能角度看是对听、说、读、写的四项教学内容的理解和教学策略的掌握。

Version: Knowledge objectives: Students can memorize the names of subjects and week days; and master the usage of favorite.

【方法指导】

在知识方面:(学生)“能”——说出、列举、背诵、复述、识别、解释、说明、分类、对比、归纳等。

Students can — speak, list, recite, retell, distinguish from, explain, classify, contrast, conclude

2.能力目标(Ability Objective):是指通过这堂课学生能够锻炼什么样的能力。

Version: Ability Objectives: Through discussion or cooperation, students can learn how to say different subjects, and get the ability of describing them.

【方法指导】

在能力方面:通过——“经历、参与、讨论、交流、合作、分享等”——(学生)能“了解、掌握、学习……”

Through—experience, taking part in, discussion, communication, cooperation, share— students can understand, master, learn…”

3.情感目标(Emotional Objective):是学生通过课堂学习,参与活动,以及教师在情感上进行什么样的引导,从而让学生在情感上产生什么样的倾向。

Version: Emotional Objective: Students can learn to care about classmates more through the discussion, and get to love every day and every class.

【方法指导】

在情感方面:学生学会认可、接受、称赞、喜欢、关心、关注、热爱、坚持、保持、重视、追求、培养、尊重……

Students learn to approve, accept, praise, like, care about, love, persist in, retain, value, promote, pursue, cultivate, respect

二、每日一练

请根据新课标规定教学目标内容,简述下列教学目标所存在的问题(12),并改写教学目标(8)

Teaching Objectives:

Enable students to talk about festivals and customs in English and express or support an opinion with suitable expressions.

全国教资统考:高中英语-教学设计之教案撰写分析

一、高频考点

教学设计的难点在于理解教学设计包含的内容,教学目标、重难点该如何设计,以及每种课型的教学过程设计。一个完整的教案设计应该包含以下内容:

Teaching Topic:

Teaching Objectives:

Knowledge aim:

Ability aim:

Emotional aim:

Teaching Key Points:

Teaching Difficult Points:

Teaching Aids: multi-media, cards

Teaching Methods:

Teaching Procedure:

Step 1 Warming up and Lead-in

(justification)

Step 2 Presentation

(justification)

Step 3 Practice and Consolidation

(justification)

Step 4 Summary and Homework

(justification)

Blackboard Design

Teaching Reflection:

二、每日一练

根据提供的信息和语言素材设计教学方案,用英文作答。设计任务:请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材,设计一节语言读写课教学方案。教案没有固定格式。教学时间:45分钟

学生概况:某城镇普通中学高中一年级第二学期学生,班级人数40人,多数学生已经达到<<普通高中英语课程标准(试验)>>五级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。

Town Twinning

How are Oxford in the UK and Grenoble in France similar? Well, they are both medium-sized towns of between 100,000 and 200,000inhabitants. They both have universities and industries. Tourism is important to both of them ,and they are both close to some of the most beautiful countryside in the region. But they share something else,they have a town twinning agreement.

Town twinning is not a new idea, but it has become more popular in recent years because its now easier to find out about and visit other countries and towns.Its an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age , and which have similar features such as tourism, industry,culture and entertainment.

全国教资统考:高中英语-语言教学知识与能力之阅读教学分析

一、高频考点

1.Models of teaching reading 阅读教学模式

(1)The bottom-up approach.自下而上模式。

(2)The top-down approach.自上而下模式。

(3)The interactive-compensatory approach.相互补偿模式。

(4)PWP model of teaching reading.PWP三阶段英语阅读教学模式。

Pre-reading

While-reading

Post-reading

2.Activities for teaching reading阅读教学活动

(1)Pre-reading

a. Activating students' reading motivation激发学生的学习动机。

b. Organizing students to predict the reading content 组织学生模拟题文章内容。

c. Providing them background knowledge about the topic 向学生提供有关主题的背景知识。

d. Presenting new words within context 呈现新单词。

e. Clearing up linguistic and cultural barriers 扫除语言和文化障碍。

(2)While-reading

It includes skimming, scanning, questioning, explaining and generalizing, recognizing substitutional words.读中的活动包括略读、找读、提问问题、解释、概括文意等。

Skimming略读:即选择性地进行跳跃式阅读,了解文章大意。可以采取三个步骤:a.通读文章起始段和结尾段;b.找到主题句,细读其他段落的主题句;c.浏览一些与主题句相关的信息词。

Scanning找读:如果说略读对理解的精确程度要求还不是百分百,找读则要求既快又准,要求在很短的时间内准确地找到目标,可以利用主题词、标题或表格、板式及印刷特点等来快速阅读。

(3)Post-reading

It includes the following activities: retelling, discussion and debate, brief writing, imitative writing.读后包括的活动有复述文章(学生可以根据对文意的理解用自己的话复述文章)、讨论与论辩、小练笔、模拟写作等。

二、每日一练

1.English teachers often ask students to _____ a passage to get the gist of it.

A. skim B. scan C. predict D. describe

2.简要回答下英语阅读教学的模式有哪些?

全国教资统考:高中英语-语言知识与能力之非谓语动词分析

一、高频考点

1.考查不定式、现在分词与过去分词的基本区别

从时间关系上看,不定式表未来,现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成;从主动与被动来看,不定式和现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动。如:

I send you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year.

Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.

2.在通常情况下,用作目的状语只能是不定式。如:

To improve their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.

3.非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与句子一致,否则就应调整句子结构。如:

While watching television, we heard the doorbell ring.

4.(be +) 过去分词+介词”结构

有一类“be+过去分词+介词”结构,如be interested in, be worried about, be lost in, be dressed in等,去掉be做后置定语、宾语补足语或状语。如:

Lost in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.

5.不定式表结果

表示结果时,不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之后,往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的,不定式前常加only,谓语动词与不定式的动作不存在因果关系。如:

The American troops tried many times to break into the mosque, only to be beaten back each time.

6.只接不定式做宾语的动词和只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语

只接不定式做宾语的动词:hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen等。

只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语:mind, miss, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, appreciate, prevent, keep, avoid, risk, resist, consider, cant help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, insist on, set about, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, pay attention to

二、每日一练

1. Taking photographs of individuals in private places without their consent is not acceptable, unless _____ by the public interest.

A. justified B. freed C. pardoned D. forgiven

2. _____ enough time and money, the investigators would have been able to discover more evidence in this case.

A. Giving B. Given C. To give D. Being given

3. George returned after the war, only _____ that his wife had left him.

A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told

4. The students expected there _____ more reviewing classes before the final exams.

A. is B. being C. have been D. to be

【答案】ABAD

全国教资统考:高中英语-语言知识与能力之连词分析

一、高频考点

二、每日一练

1. If the appliance is defective, write directly to the manufacturer _____ complain to your local consumer protection association.

A. then B. or C. but D. though

2. Criticism and self-criticism are necessary _____ they may help us to find out and correct our mistakes.

A. by that B. at that C. on that D. in that

3. Helen is a good companion, I mean, _____ we sometimes dont have everything in common.

A. even though B. as if C. in case D. so that

【答案】BDA

全国教资统考:高中英语-语言知识与能力之名词性从句分析

一、高频考点

1.主语从句

(1)whatthat的选用

whatthat都能够引导名词性从句,但是在名词性从句中,that只能起连接作用,无词义,不充当句子成分,而what在名词性从句中既起连接作用,又充当主语、宾语或表语,意思是“所……的东西(事情)”。如:

What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well.

(2)whetherif的选用

whether能引导主语从句,而if不能。

2.宾语从句

(1)what在宾语从句中有代替名词的作用,在句中可作主语、宾语或表语;that只起引导作用,不作任何成分,可省略。如:

He seems different from what he used to be. (作表语)

(2)宾语从句中复合关系代词whoever, whichever, whatever等有代替名词的作用。如:

You may do whatever (anything that) you like.

3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别

(1)同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,说明它前面名词的内容;属于名词性从句范畴。定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,限定前面名词范围,属于形容词性从句范畴。

The news that l have passed the exam is true.

The news that he told me just now is true.

(2)引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除了起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如:

The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.

The idea that he gave surprises many people.

二、每日一练

1. _____ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.

A. It B. What C. As D. Which

2. _____ I said at the meeting must be kept secret.

A. Whatever B. However C. Whichever D. Wherever

3. We are happy at the good news _____ Mr. Black has been awarded the Best Manager.

A. that B. which C. what D. whether

4. The bride and groom gave _____ attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.

A. whomever B. whoever C. whom D. who

【答案】BAAB

全国教资统考:高中英语-语言知识与能力之定语从句分析

一、高频考点

1.考查关系代词whose引导的定语从句

whose的先行词可指人也可指物,在从句中作定语。指物时,可用of which代替,但词序不同,即whose+名词=the +n + of which=of which + the + n.

He lives in the room whose window faces south.

= He lives in the room, the window of which faces south.

=He lives in the room, of which the window faces south.

2.考查关系代词which引导的定语从句

关系代词which只用于指事或物,不用于指人,它在定语从句中主要用作主语或宾语。此外,which还可以引导非限制定语从句。如:

The picture which was about the car was terrible.

They won the game, which we hadnt expected.

3.考查“介词+关系代词”结构

在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人(“介词+ which”一般在定语从句中分别做时间、地点、原因状语,于是“介词+ which”可以分别用when, where, why代替)。如:

I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.

4.混淆关系代词与关系副词

看到先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词,不一定要用关系副词。在此情况下,要看关系词在定语从句中是用作什么成分,若是用作状语,则用关系副词,若不是用作状语(如用作主语、宾语等)则不能用关系副词,而用关系代词。比较:

This is the factory where I want to work. (work为不及物动词where在从句中用作状语)

This is the factory that I want to visit. (visit为及物动词,that用作visit的宾语)

二、每日一练

1. Through doing this, the teacher will be able to ascertain the extent to _____ the children understand what they are reading.

A. how B. which C. that D. what

2. All the neighbor admire this family, _____ the parents are treating their child like a friend.

A. why B. where C. which D. that

3. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval _____ the audience can buy ice-cream.

A. when B. where C. that D. which

4. The four ancient Chinese inventions _____ we are proud have remained important in human history for thousands of years.

A. that B. what C. of which D. with which

5. We have launched another man-made satellite, _____ is announced in todays newspaper.

A. that B. which C. who D. what

【答案】BBACB

全国教资统考:高中英语语言知识与能力之语流音变分析

【高频考点】

1.连音(Liaison)

(1) 辅音+元音

在一个词组内,如果前一个单词以辅音结尾,后一个单词以元音开头,两者经常拼在一起读。例如:get out of the carget-out-of the car

(2) 元音+元音

在语流中,当前一个词以“r”音结尾,后一个词以元音开头时,经常会在两个词之间添加一个辅音/r/作为连接。例如:answer it /'aːnsə it//'aːnsə-r-it/

2.同化(Assimilation)

同化指在语流中,一个音受前面或后面语音的影响、发音变得与临音相似或相同的现象,分为逆同化和顺同化两类。

(1)逆同化(Regressive assimilation)

逆同化比较常见,指语流中一个辅音受后面辅音的影响,发音方法和部位变得与其相似的现象。常见的同化现象包括以下几类:

/t/出现在/p, b, m/之前,逆同化为/p/ 例如:that pen /ðæt 'pen//ðæp 'pen/

/t/出现在/k, g/之前,逆同化为/k/ 例如:that girl /ðæt 'gɜːl//ðæk 'gɜːl/

/d/出现在/p, b, m/之前,逆同化为/b/ 例如:good boy /gud 'bɒɪ//gub 'bɒɪ/

/d/出现在/k, g/之前,逆同化/g/ 例如:good girl /gud 'gɜːl//gug 'gɜːl/

/n/出现在/p, b, m/之前,逆同化为/m/ 例如:ten boys /ten 'bɒɪz//tem 'bɒɪz/

/n/出现在/k, g/之前,逆同化为/ŋ/ 例如:ten girl /ten 'gɜːlz//teŋ 'gɜːlz/

/s/出现在/ʃ, tʃ, dʒ, j/之前,逆同化为/ʃ/ 例如:this shop /ðis 'ʃɒp//ðiʃ 'ʃɒp/

/z/出现在/ ʃ, tʃ, dʒ, j /之前,逆同化为/ʒ/ 例如:cheese shop /tʃiːz 'ʃɒp//tʃiː ʒ 'ʃɒp/

(2)顺同化(Progressive assimilation)

顺同化指在语流中后面的辅音被前面的辅音同化的现象。顺同化并不常见,主要出现在成音节里。如happen /'hæpn/里的/n/,由于受到前面辅音/p/的影响顺同化为/m/;organ /'ɔːgn/里的/n/受到前面辅音/g/的影响顺同化为/ ŋ/;动词+ed的发音,清辅音+ed同化成/t/,浊辅音+ed同化成/d/

【每日一练】

1. Which of the following is the proper pronunciation of have to as a result of assimilation?

A. /hef tu/ B. /hev tu/ C. /hæf tu/ D. /hæv tu/

2. How many liaisons are there in the sentence Ill be back in half an hour?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

3. Which of the following shows the proper pronunciation of finished due to assimilation?

A. /finiʃd/ B. /finiʃt/ C. / finiʃid/ D. /finiʃit/

4. Which of the following shows the proper pronunciation of the segment ten minutes in connected speech?

A. /tem minits/ B. /ten minits/ C. /təm minits/ D. /tən minits/

【答案】CCBA

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