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土木工程专业英语期末复习题

发布时间：2016-06-15   来源：文档文库   
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《专业英语》复习题 一、选择题
1. civil engineering dealt with permanent structures for (civilian use, whereas military engineering dealt with temporary structures for military use 2. attention must (be paid to the working temperature of the machine. 3. diplomatic relations (have been established between china and the united states of America 4. a direct current is a current (flowing always in the same direction. 5. it’s our duty to (comply with the specification. 6. dose your shop (supply rebar ? 7.
neither I nor he (is fond of music. 8. the (above-mentionedcements(水泥 are widely used on the construction site. 9. the production of steel has been increased (by 70%. 10. if the garden is big, some floodlights can be (installed. 11. (wherever you go, you can see many buildings. 12. dams, (bridge, water supply systems, and other large projects ordinarily employ several engineers to work together. 13. the bigger quantity you order,(the lower until cost you will be offered. 14. in modern road constructions, powerful modern machines are

employed to move mountains and fill valleys to make the (surfaces as direct as possible. 15. besides its ability to sustain loads, concrete is also required to be
(durable. 16. tensile failure of (reinforced concrete happens easily and involves progressive micro-cracking. 17. concrete is (inherently a porous material (多孔材料 18. –may I use your bike for a moment? --(by all means(一定，务必
19.conclusions can be (drawn from the above discussion. 20.it’s a small country, yet has a lot of (potential resources. 21.a person’s calorie requirements vary (throughout 22.there is a computer syetem (with which the company is experiencing problems. 23. usually there is (less traffic in the streets on weekday than on Sundays. 24. The thief tried to open the locked door but (in vain 25. cracks would not only be unsightly but would (expose the steel bars to corrosion by moisture and other chemical action. 26.(having packed their luggage, the tourists hurried to the airport. 27.generous public funding of basic science would (lead to considerable benefits for the country’s health,wealth and security.

28.”you are very selfish,it’s high time you (realized that you are not the most important person in the world,” edgar said to his boss angrily. 29.(even if the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have include all variables and modeled accurately. 30.remember that customers don’t (bargain about prices in the city. 二、词组互译
1. tensile strength 抗拉强度： 2. compressive strength 抗压强度 3. construction engineering 建筑工程 4. reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 5. raw material 原材料 6. civil engineers 土木工程师 7. assemblage technology 装配技术 8. simply supported beam 简支梁 9. continuous beam 连续梁 10. framing member 框架构件 11. bending strength 抗弯强度 12. shearing strength 抗剪强度 13. bill of quantities 工程量清单 14. estimated cost 预算成本
15. the column-diagonal truss tube 对顶柱桁架筒体 16. cash flow 现金流动


17. three-dimensional 三维的
18. English for specialized science and technology 专业外语 19. geotechnical engineering 岩土工程 20. foundation settlement 地基沉降 21. fundamental assumption 基本假设 22. bending moment 弯曲力矩 23. shear stress 剪应力，剪切应力 24. normal stress 正应力，法向应力 25. on schedule 按时
26. be in equilibrium with 与···平衡 27. horizontal plane 水平面 28. vertical plane 垂直面 29. soil mechanics 土力学 30. aerial photographs 航空摄影 31. sanitary engineering 卫生工程 32. detrimental agents 有害因素 33. joint action 联合作用 34. deformed bars 变形钢筋
35. current situation(present situation 现状 36. positive sequence 正序
37. negative sequence 逆序（负序） 38. fabrication plant 加工厂（加工设备）


39. financial budget 财政预算 40. divide by 除以
41. in charge of 负责（主管） 42. take account of 考虑到，顾及 43. spectacular achievements 惊人的成就 44. ultrahigh-rise buildings 超高层建筑 45. terminate contract 解除合同（终止合同） 46. spandrel beams 外墙托梁 47. encroach on 侵占，蚕食 48. intersect surfaces 相交曲面 49. bundled-tube structures 束筒结构 50. take delivery of 取货，提货 三、翻译句子
1. The term civil engineering originally came into use to distinguish it from military engineering . 土木工程这个术语起初是用来与军事工程相区别的，土木工程处理 的是民用的永久性建筑结构，而军事工程则是主要负责处理临时性的军用建筑。
2. Greater height entails increased column and beam sizes to make buildings more rigid so that under wind load they will not sway
beyond an acceptable limit.
更多的高度需要增加柱和梁的尺寸来使建筑物的刚性更强，以使

它们在风荷载作用下在容许范围内摆动。
3. Structural systems of reinforced concrete as well as steel,take full advantage of the inherent potential stiffness of the total building and therefore do not require additional stiffening to limit the sway. 钢筋混凝土个钢结构系统充分利用了整个建筑的固有的潜在的刚度，因此不需要额外的加强材料来限制倾斜。
4. The tube structural system was developed for improving the resistance to lateral forces and the control of drift in high-rise building. 筒体结构体系的发展是为了提高高层建筑抵抗侧向力和飘移的能力。薄壳筒体使筒体结构体系又向前迈进了一步。
5. With the continuing need for larger and taller buildings,the framed tube or the column-diagonal truss table may be used in a bundled form to create larger tube envelops while maintaining high efficiency.随着对更大更高的建筑的持续要求，框筒或对顶柱桁架筒体可能被用在捆绑的形式以创作更大的筒体外壳，同时又保持了高效力。 6. The principles of fluid mechanics can be applied to daily life as in the case of the planes,the movement of fish in water,and the circulation of blood in the veins. 流体力学原理可以应用到日常生活中，如：飞行的飞机、鱼在水中的游动及血管中的血液循环等情况。
7. Anthropogenic or human-induced pollutants have overload the system.人类或人类的活动引起的污染物已经超过了生态系统的承受能

力。
8. The role of an environmental engineer is to build a bridge between biology and technology by applying all the techniques to the job of cleaning the debris. 环境工程师的作用是，通过将各种技术应用于垃圾清理的工作中，从而在生物与技术之间建造一座桥梁。
9. Surveying is defined an art of collecting data for mapping the relative positions of points on the surface of earth in a horizontal plane. 测量是指为收集数据，以便在水平面内画出地球表面点的位置图的一种技术。
10. The engineering marvels of the world ,starting from the pyramids to todays thin shell structures,are the results of development in civil engineering.
11. As here understood ,it is the body of scientific knowledge which permits one to predict with a good degree of certainty how a structure of given shape and dimensions will behave when acted upon by known force or other mechanical influences. 正如由此处所知结构力学是科学知识体系，它使得人们能很确定地预测给定形状和尺寸的结构在已知力或其他力学因素下的性能。 12. This proposition is not an assumption but a fact,because any body or any portion thereof can be at rest only if all forces acting on it are in

equilibrium . 这一命题不是假设，而是事实，因为只有作用于物体或物体一部分的力平衡时，它才能静止。
13. Actually,the joint action of two materials as dissimilar and complicated as concrete and steel is so complex that it has not yet lent itself to purely catalytical treatment.
实际上，像混凝土和钢材这样既复杂又不同的两种材料的联合作用是非常复杂的，目前还不能对其进行纯分析处理。
14. from this study a list of all items of work is prepared, and related items earthen grouped together for listing on a master schedule. 根据研究，列出施工工程的各项工作内容，并将相关内容归为一类，列在主要施工进度表上。
15. other construction engineering duties are the layout of the work by surveying methods, the preparation of detail drawings to clarify the design engineer’s drawings for the construction crews, and the inspection of the work to ensure that it complies with plans and specifications. 工程施工的其他任务是：通过测量进行工程放线；准备细部图纸，以使施工技术人员弄清设计工程师的图样意图；工程检查，以保证工程施工遵循设计及设计说明书。 四、 根据词根或词缀写单词 1. ag=do , act 做，动


agency 机构，作用；agential 代理人 2. agri=field 田地，农田
agriculture 田地，农田；agricultural 农业的，农艺的 3. ann=year 年
anniversary 周年纪念日 annual 每年的，年度的 4. audi=hear 听
Audience 听众，倾听 auditorium 礼堂，讲堂 5. brev=short 短
brief 短暂的，简短的 briefness 短暂，简短 6. ced=go 行走
precedent 先行的，在前的 unprecedented 无先例的，空前的7. cept=take 拿，取
except 除···之外 exception 例外，除外 8. cid，cis=cut，kill 切，杀
decide 决定 decision 决定，决心 9. circ=ring 环，圆
Circulate循环 circle 圆，圈 10. claim，clam=cry，shout 喊叫
exclaim 呼喊，惊叫 exclamation呼喊，惊叫 11.clar=clear 清楚，明白
Declare 表明，声明 declarer 宣告者，声明者 12.clud，clus=close，shut关闭


Exclude 排斥，拒绝接纳 exclusive 排外的，除外的 13.cogn=know 知道
Cognize 知道，认识 cognizable 可认识的，可认知的 14.cord=heart 心
Record 记录，记载 recorder 录音机 15.cred=believe，trust 相信，信任
Credible 可信的，可靠地 incredible 难以置信的

土木工程civil engineering 结构工程structural engineering 土力学soil mechanics 现场勘察site investigation 项目经理project manager 土木工程师civil engineer 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineer 施工检查construction inspection 施工监管construction supervision 助理工程师assistant engineer 多孔材料porous material 平衡条件equilibrium condition 弹性模量elastic modulus 应力张量stress tensor 孔隙压力pore pressure 有效应力principle of effective stress 专业技术人员professional and technical personnel 压缩模块compressive modulus 各向同性法向应力isotropic normal stress 应力分量stress components 施工监管construction supervis

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