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1.（北京市中国人民大学附属中学2018届高三考前热身英语试题）The young man, in heavy traffic on the way, got home an hour later than usual.
A. catching B. caught
C. having caught D. to be caught
2.（北京市石景山区2018届高三3月统一测试（一模）英语试题）After class, the teacher couldn’t leave, by the students.
A. surrounded B. to surround
C. was surrounded D. surrounding
3. （天津市部分区2018届高三质量调查（一）英语试题）Several of us were asked to attend the meeting, as ________ below.
A. listed B. listing
C. to be listed D. having listed
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A
（2018•浙江A篇）In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady”. Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it's also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
1. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?
A. They were difficult to understand. B. They were popular among the rich.
C. They were seen as nearly worthless. D. They were written mostly by women.
2. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.
A. his reputation in France B. his interest in modern art
C. his success in publication D. his importance in literature
3. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A. To remember a great writer. B. To introduce an English novel.
C. To encourage studies on culture. D. To promote values of the Victorian age.
B
（2018届湖南省高三十四校联考第二次考试 英语试题（解析版））Here is a record of the discussion about AI (artificial intelligence) conducted by several scientists:
Scientist A: I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the AI, though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the world’s problems. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us.
Scientist B: I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or go beyond human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly substituted. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest. In the long term machines might decide the world would be better without humans.
Scientist C: I’m a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls (头骨) and think of what’s happening right now: military machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous “murderbots” following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.
28. What is Scientist B worried about?
A. AI technology will destroy the earth.
B. Computers can’t think by themselves.
C. Robots will take the place of humans.
D. Humans will be unhappy without machines.
29. What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. The Campaign to Stop Killer Robots.
B. The movie image of a terrifying Terminator.
C. “Murderbots” can’t decide by themselves.
D. “Murderbots” will be against humans’ orders.
30. Which statement is CORRECT according to the record?
A. Scientist A thinks AI technology will never develop.
B. The employment will be affected by AI technology in the future.
C. “Murderbots” will follow the orders of their manufacturers in the wars.
D. All the three scientists agree that AI technology will benefit human beings.
31. Who agree(s) AI has more negative aspects than positive aspects?
A. Scientist A. B. Scientist B.
C. Scientists B & C. D. Scientists B & A.
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（2018届四川省棠湖中学高三下学期第二次月考英语试题）Why we still need to read Dickens
Walk into any bookstore, and you can hardly avoid “bumping into” Charles Dickens. Many of Dickens’ works still sell well today. 36
As someone who teaches Dickens, the question of why we still read him is often on my mind. 37 One day nearly 10 years ago, however, when I was giving a lecture, I was telling the students that for Victorian readers, Dickens’s writing was a “tune-in-next-week” type of thing that generated crazes. 38 “But why should we still read this stuff?” the student asked. The answer I gave was only acceptable, “Because he teaches you how to think,” I said.
The question annoyed me for years, for years, and for years I told myself answers, but never with complete satisfaction. We read Dickens because he is not just a man of his own times, but also a man for our times. We read Dickens because we can learn from experiences of his characters almost as easily as we can learn from our own experiences.
39 But these are not exactly the reason why I read Dickens. My search for an answer continued until one day a text message came from a student of mine. “We still read Dickens’s novels,” she wrote, “because they tell us why we are what we are.” Simple as it was, that’s the explanation I had sought for years.
Dickens shines a light on who we are during the best of times and worst of times.
40 If you have time, go to pick up one of his many novels, read it and enjoy what it has to tell you about yourself.
A. Then a hand shot up.
B. I know that wasn’t really the reason.
C. And they are placed on outstanding shelves.
D. That question was never more troubling.
E. That’s why we still need to read him today.
F. I already know who it is I’ll meet in those novels.
G. These are all wonderful reasons to read Dickens.
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（2018•全国卷Ⅲ）I'm not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 63 (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 65 (challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a 66 (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching _ 67 these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68 (they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69 (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and watch.
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1.【答案】B
【解析】句意：这个年轻人，在路上堵车了，比往常到家晚了一个小时。Be caught in“陷入”，做状语时省掉be动词，表示状态，选B。
考点：考查非谓语动词
2.【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语作状语。句意：下课后，老师无法离开，因为被学生们围住了。分析句子可知，本句是省略句。主从句主语一致，从句的主语省略，而主语the teacher与动词surround二者是被动关系，be surrounded by…意为“被…..包围”。故要用过去分词作状语，A符合题意。
3.【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们中有几个人被要求参加这次会议，如下所列。此处是过去分词做定语，表示已经过去的事情。故选A。
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A
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A
【解析】
1. 推理判断。由题干中的in the 18th century将信息定位在第一段的1719，但是人们当时对英国小说的看法在最后一段Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad，可知当时小说被人们看作是silly（傻的）, immoral（不道德的）, or just plain bad（完全是不好的），选项C中的worthless是这些词的总结，故答案为C。
2. 推理判断。由题干中的Mona Lisa可将信息定位在第二段最后两句，理解Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.可知狄更斯的伟大是毫无争议的，要把他从英国文学名人堂中拿掉就像要把蒙娜丽莎从卢浮宫卖掉一样。所以通过两者进行对比，旨在强调狄更斯在英国文学中的重要地位。故答案为D。
3. 写作意图。根据文章最后一句中的as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知本文是在纪念狄更斯诞辰200周年即将到来之际所作，是为了纪念他对英国文学的不可磨灭的贡献。故答案为A。
【点评】这是一篇人物传记性质的说明文，把握文章结构和人物传记文章的特点，根据问题确定关键词，对关键词所在文字认真分析研读，注重平时阅读中的推理判断能力的培养。
B
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. B 31. C
【解析】
28. 推理判断题。根据第三段“In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest.”可知科学家B担心机器人会代替人类，造成人类失业，贫穷和社会动荡。故选C。
29. 猜测词义题。自主的“杀人机器人”是否服从人类的命令，这将最终决定谁杀死谁。句中this指杀人机器人不服从人类命令，这将是非常不道德和危险的。故选D。
30. 细节推理题。根据第三段“In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people.”可知机器人的发展会代替人类工作，造成人类失业。故选B。
31. 推理判断题。根据第二段“I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives”可知科学家A认为人工智能积极因素比消极因素多。第三段“there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest.”第四段“It seems clear to me that this would be completely unethical and dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.”可知科学家B和科学家C认为人工智能消极因素比积极因素多。故选C。
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【答案】16-20 CDAGE
【解析】
16. 语义理解题。根据Walk into any bookstore, and you can hardly avoid “bumping into” Charles Dickens. Many of Dickens’ works still sell well today. 可知这里意思是它们被放在很显眼的书架上，选C。
17. 语义理解题。根据As someone who teaches Dickens, the question of why we still read him is often on my mind. 可知这里意思是那个问题不再困扰我，选D。
18. 语义理解题。根据“But why should we still read this stuff?” the student asked.可知有一个学生举手提问，选A。
19. 语义理解题。上文“We read Dickens because we can learn from experiences of his characters almost as easily as we can learn from our own experiences.”提到了阅读狄更斯著作的原因，故选G。
20. 语义理解题。由Dickens shines a light on who we are during the best of times and wrote of times. 可知这里意思是那就是为什么我们今天依然要阅读狄更斯著作的原因，选E。
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【答案】61. which； 62. the； 63. loudest； 64. looking； 65. challenged；
66. scientist； 67. for； 68. them； 69. meant； 70. to stay
【解析】
61.考查宾语从句连词的使用，由后面的me or the female gorilla可知表示选择，故答案为which（哪一个）。
62.考查冠词。at the top of one's lung是固定表达，表示“歇斯底里地叫喊”，故答案为the。
63.考查最高级。根据提示loud可知此处应该用形容词，通过the以及of all可以推断此处是在作对比，所以用loud的最高级，故答案为loudest。
64.考查非谓语动词。avoid doing避免做某事，句意：我低下身子，避免与猩猩眼神接触，故答案为looking。
65.考查系表结构。feel是系动词，后面通常跟形容词作表语。根据句意可知作者避免直视大猩猩是为了让它不会感到在受挑战，故答案为challenged，受到挑战的。
66.考查词形转换。根据句意可知作者的身份应是科学家而不是科学，故答案为scientist。
67.考查固定搭配。句意：我那时正在寻找一直以来密切观察的三只西部低地大猩猩。短语search for 寻找...。故答案为for。
68.考查代词的使用。作者很高兴发现了三只活着的大猩猩，作find的宾语用them，故答案为them。
69.考查动词的时态。 由上下文可知此处用一般过去时，动词用过去时，故答案为meant。
70.考查非谓语动词，掌握allow sb. to do sth.（允许某人做某事），故答案为to stay。
【点评】本文属于记叙文，考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑词性变化，固定搭配，动词的各种形式等语法知识。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。平时要夯实自身的基本功，加强词汇记忆以及学会灵活词性转换。
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