现在完成时

The Present Perfect

课前热身

1.The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years .

Ａ. writesB.wroteC.has written

2,I ______ the League for 5 years so far.

A. joinedB. have joinedC. have been in

3.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.

A.have made B.have been C.made D. have become

4.—Our country ____ a lot so far .

—Yes. I hope it will be even ______ .

Ａ. has changed ; wellＢ. changed ; goodＣ. has changed ; better

5.—______ you ___ your homework yet ?

—Yes. I _____ it a moment ago.

Ａ.Did; do; finishedＢ.Have; done; finishedＣ.Have; done; have finished讨论展示

1、分组讨论，说出以上句子主要用了哪种时态？

2、你能讲出该时态的构成吗？

现在完成时

一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)

二．句型：

肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他

否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.

一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.

简略答语: Yes,主语+ have/has.(肯定)

No,主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定)

3、请归纳出现在完成时的主要用法，通过哪些词语来提示？

现在完成时用法

1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常用的时间状语：already，yet, so far，never，just，before，recently，

I have already lost my key.（说明过去某时丢的，现在还未找到。）

你能举例吗？

2.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。for+一段时间，since+一段时间

I have known him for ten years.

I have known him since ten years ago .

（从开始认识到现在延续了十年）

你能举例吗？

4、请比较：

He has been to the US .

He has gone to the US .

He has been in the US for three years .

5、请看句子：He has come to school for two hours .对吗？

For和since要用延续性动词，如果是短暂性动词要改为相应的延续性动词，例如：

leave/go- be awaycome-be here/be in

buy- have,borrow-keep

join-be in/a member ofdie-be dead,begin/start- be onfinish- be over5、你能用英语说出他们吗？

1）、玛丽上午七点到了学校。

2）、她在学校学习两个小时了。

The keys:

1）、Mary got to school at seven .

2)、She has studied at school for two hours.

现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较

1、一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对"现在"产生的影响。如：He visited Guilin in 1998.

他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间)

2、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如：

Jill has bought a new computer.

吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑)

3、两种时态的区分

(1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是"助动词have /has +过去分词"。

(2)一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week, two yearsago, just now, in 2002等；

而现在完成时则常与just,already,ever,never等副词和thesedays,thisweek,since..., for...等表示一段时间的状语连用。

（3）看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？

①Have you seen the film?(A)

Did you see the film?(B)

[说明]你看过这部电影吗？(A)句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；(B)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。

②How has he done it?(A)

How did he do it?(B)

[说明]他是怎么做的这件事？(A)句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；(B)句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。

③He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)

He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)

[说明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8年，现在不在北京了。

测评提升

1、单项选择：

1）、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _____it twice.

Ａ. will seeＢ. have seenＣ. sawＤ.see

2）、—These farmers have been to the United States .

—Really? When _____ there ?

Ａ. will they goＢ.did they goＣ. do they go

Ｄ. have they gone

3）、Zhou Lang ______already ______in this school for two years .

Ａ. was ; studyingＢ. will ; studyＣ. has ; studied

Ｄ. are; studying

4）、His father ______ the Party since 1998 .

Ａ.joinedＢ. has joinedＣ. was inＤ. has been in

5）、—Do you know him well ?—Sure .We ______ friends since ten years ago .Ａ. wereＢ. have beenＣ. have becomeＤ. have made

6|、He has ___ been to Shanghai, has he ?

Ａ. alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ. still

7）、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

Ａ. has begunＢ. had begunＣ. has been onＤ. began

8）、It ___ ten years since he left the army .

Ａ. IsＢ. has beenＣ. Will beＤ. was

9）、Miss Green isn't in the office. She_______ to the library.

Ａ.has goneＢ. wentＣ.will goＤ. has been

10）、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.

Ａ. have been inＢ. have been toＣ. have gone toＤ. have been2、用适当的时态填空：

1）.She __________ (live) here for ten years .

2）. Both of them __________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.

3）. Half an hour _________ (pass) since the train _______ (leave).

4) .Mary_______(lose) her pen . ______ you _______ (see) it anywhere?5）. ______ you ______ (find) your watch yet?

6）.---Are you thirsty?

---No，I _____ just ______ (have) some orange.

7）.I _________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?

.8）. I _________ (buy) a book just now.

9) . I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.

10) .. My father __________________ (read) this book since yesterday.

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