英语的修辞手法-英语的45种修辞手法-定义-解释

发布时间:2019-10-05 04:40:14   来源:文档文库   
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英语中的45种修辞

1alliteration(押头韵):一组单词的第一个辅音相同,比如例句中四个以l开头的单词。

▲ Let us go forth to lead the land we love.



2anacoluthon(错格):句子从一种结构变成另外一种结构,比如例句由肯定结构变成疑问结构。

▲ As a regular reader of your papers -- Why does it give so little space to science?



3anadiplosis(联珠):将一个或一组单词重复多遍,比如例句中的servants

▲ Men in great place are thrice servants: servants of state, servants of fame, and servants of business.



4anaphora(首语重复):将一个句子的开头单词或短语,在随后的句子中重复多遍,比如例句中的we shall fight

▲ We shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills.



5anastrophe(词序倒装): 改变正常词序,比如例句中最后一部分,正常词序是yet a breeze never blew up

▲ The helmsman steered, the ship moved on, yet never a breeze up blew.



6antistrophe(逆反复):在每个句子的结尾,重复相同的单词或短语,比如例句中的without warning&

nbsp;

▲ In 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria, without warning. In 1935, Italy invaded Ethiopia, without warning. In 1938, Hitler occupied Austria, without warning.



7antithesis(对偶):两个或多个句子,结构相同,但含义相反,或者含义形成对比,比如例句中的is no viceis no virtue

▲ Extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice, moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue.



8aporia(假装疑问):假装表示疑问,做出对某件事情好象不太肯定的样子,比如例句的最后部分。

▲ Then the steward said within himself, ’What shall I do?’



9aposiopesis(中断):突然中断一个句子,以表示恐惧、兴奋等感情,比如例句在I saw后面中断。

▲ The first thing I saw -- But I dare not describe the dreadful sight.



10apostrophe(顿呼):在叙述过程中,突然对不在场的第三人(或拟人化的抽象事物)的称呼,比如例句中的O you gods

▲ Judge, O you gods, how dearly Caesar loved him.



11archaism(拟古):使用古体单词,或者已废弃单词,比如例句中的satesit的古体过去式和过去分词)。

▲ Pipit sate upright in her chair, some distance from where I was sitting.



12assonance(协音):重复某个发音相同或相似的音节,比如例句中的Thy/thy-dom/done

▲ Thy kingdom come, thy will be done.



13asyndeton(连接词省略):省略单词、短语或从句之间的连接词,比如例句省略了两个连接词and

▲ But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.



14brachylogy(省略):省略一个不太重要

、读者通常可以猜出的单词或短语,比如例句省略了out后面的of

▲ He looked out the window.



15cacophony(杂音):使用一组发音不和谐的单词,以便让人听着不舒服,比如例句中的一组单词。

▲ We want no parlay with you and your grisly gang who work your wicked will.



16catachresis(生硬比喻):用不准确的单词进行不准确的比喻,比如例句中的thirsty ear

▲ I listen vainly, but with thirsty ear.



17chiasmus(交错配列):两个对应部分没有按照a-b-a-b顺序排列,而是按照a-b-b-a顺序排列,比如例句中的(often) (in my thoughts) and (in my prayers) (always)

▲ Those gallant men will remain often in my thoughts and in my prayers always.



18climax(渐强):重新排列单词、短语或从句,以便让整个句子具有语气逐渐增强的效果,比如例句最后部分and not to yield是整句的高潮。

▲ One equal temper of heroic hearts, made weak by time and fate, but strong in will, to strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.



19euphemism(委婉):用礼貌、非冒犯性的表达,代替不礼貌、冒犯性的表达,比如例句中的passed awaywent to be with the Lord

▲ Charles Shively, 94, passed away at home and went to be with the Lord on April 22, 2004, from natural causes.



20hendiadys(重言):用and连接两个名词,以代替一个形容词和一个名词,比如例句中的voice and supplication,代替supplicatory voice

▲ I love the Lord, because he has heard my voice and supplication.



21hypallage(换置):交换两个单词的位置,交换之后的句子符合语法,但不一定符合逻辑,比如左边的例句变成右边的例句。



▲ Apply water to the wound. -- Apply the wound to water.



22hyperbaton(倒装):颠倒句子各个部分,通常是颠倒主语和谓语,比如左边的例句可以变成右边的例句。

▲ He is happy. -- Happy is he.



23hyperbole(夸张):通过夸张达到某种修辞效果,比如例句中的An hundred years.

▲ An hundred years should got to praise thine eyes and on thine forehead gaze, two hundred to adore each breast, but thirty thousand to the rest.



24hysteron proteron(逆序):故意颠倒事件发生的自然顺序,也就是后发生的先说,先发生的后说,比如左边的例句变成右边的例句。

▲ I fall, I faint, I die. -- I die, I faint, I fall.



25irony(反语):字面意思与说话人实际想要表达的意思不一致,通常用来讽刺,比如例句中的an honourable man

▲ Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honourable man.



26litotes(曲意):利用否定的形式,表达肯定的意思,比如例句中的not healthy相当于dangerous

▲ War is not healthy for children and other living things.



27metaphor(隐喻):利用某些单词进行含蓄的比喻,此时这些单词已经不再是字面上的意思了,比如例句中的an iron curtain

▲ From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent.



28metonymy(换喻)用一个单词代替另外一个在概念上有关联的单词,比如例句中的sword,用来代替war

▲ The pen is mightier than the sword.



29onomatopoeia(拟声):模拟自然界的各种声音,比如例句中的ticktacking

▲ I hear the&nb

sp;clock ticktacking, and time goes by.



30oxymoron(矛盾修饰):使用两个或多个自相矛盾的单词,比如例句中的cruelkind ▲ I must be cruel only to be kind.



31paradox(佯谬):似是而非、或者似非而是的表达,比如例句中关于youth的看法。

▲ What a pity that youth must be wasted on the young.



32paraleipsis(假省):故意省略某个部分之后,修辞效果反而更强,比如例句中possessions后面的省略。

▲ That part of our history detailing the military achievements which gave us our several possessions ... is a theme too familiar to my listeners for me to dilate on, and I shall therefore pass it by.



33paraprosdokian(没有汉语译文):一个句子的结尾令人感到吃惊,或者令人感到意外,比如例句中的the wall behind me

▲ Many times when I look in the mirror, I see the wall behind me.



34paronomasia(双关语):一个单词或短语,同时具有多重含义,比如例句中的grave man,即是严肃的人,又是坟墓中的死人。

▲ Ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man.



35personification(拟人):用人的特性来描述人以外的事物,比如例句中的England

▲ England expects every man to do his duty.



36pleonasm(冗笔):使用多余的单词,来丰富句子的含义,比如例句中的rich and poor

▲ No one, rich or poor, will be excepted.



37polysyndeton(连词叠用):在一组单词、短语或从句中,连续使用某个连词,比如在例句中,连续使用and,给人一种一气呵成的感觉。

▲ I said, "Who killed him?" and he said, "I don’t know who killed him but he’s dead all right," and it was dark and there was water standing in the street and no lights and windows broke and boats all up in the town and trees blown down and everything all blown and I got a skiff and went out and found my boat where I had her inside Mango Bay and she was all right only she was full of water.



38prolepsis(预期描写):把未发生的事情当作已发生的事情来描述,比如下面的例句。

▲ Oh, I am a dead man!



39simile(明喻):用aslike等单词对两个事物进行明确的比较,比如下面的例句。

▲ Reason is to faith as the eye to the telescope.



40syllepsis(一笔双叙):一个单词与另外两个单词共同使用,其中一组的用法是常见的,另外一组的用法是不常见的,比如例句中hang together是常见的,而hang separately是不常见的。

▲ We must all hang together or assuredly we will all hang separately.



41synchysis(没有汉语译文):有意(或者无意)将句子中各个单词的顺序打乱,使人难以理解,比如下面的例句。

▲ Lunch having he is, as writing one with hand, a book in the other hunched over, and notes he is taking.



42synecdoche(提喻):用局部代替整体,或者用整体代替局部,比如例句中的U.S.(美国),在原文中是指U.S. boxing team(美国拳击队)。

▲ The U.S. won three gold medals.



43synesis(没有汉语译文):单词的搭配符合逻辑,但不符合语法,比如例句中的anyonethem

▲ If anyone calls, tell them I

am out.

44tautology(同义反复):用不同的单词、短语或句子重复同一个意思,比如例句中的两个短语。

▲ With malice toward none, with charity for all.



45zeugma(轭式搭配):用一个形容词修饰两个名词,其中一个修饰是通顺的,另外一个修饰则是勉强的,比如将左边的例句改写成右边的例句。 

庄子云:人生天地之间,若白驹过隙,忽然而已。是呀,春秋置换,日月交替,这从指尖悄然划过的时光,没有一点声响,没有一刻停留,仿佛眨眼的功夫,半生已过。

  人活在世上,就像暂时寄宿于尘世,当生命的列车驶到终点,情愿也罢,不情愿也罢,微笑也罢,苦笑也罢,都不得不向生命挥手作别。

  我们无法挽住时光的脚步,无法改变人生的宿命。但我们可以拿起生活的画笔,把自己的人生涂抹成色彩靓丽的颜色。

  生命如此短暂,岂容随意挥霍!只有在该辛勤耕耘的时候播洒汗水,一程风雨后,人生的筐篓里才能装满硕果。

  就算是烟花划过天空,也要留下短暂的绚烂。只有让这仅有一次的生命丰盈充实,才不枉来尘世走一遭。雁过留声,人过留名,这一趟人生旅程,总该留下点儿什么!

  生活是柴米油盐的平淡,也是行色匆匆的奔波。一粥一饭来之不易,一丝一缕物力维艰。

  前行的路上,有风也有雨。有时候,风雨扑面而来,打在脸上,很疼,可是,我们不能向生活低头认输,咬牙抹去脸上的雨水,还有泪水,甩开脚步,接着向前。

  我们需要呈现最好的自己给世界,需要许诺最好的生活给家人。所以,生活再累,不能后退。即使生活赐予我们一杯不加糖的苦咖啡,皱一皱眉头,也要饮下。

  人生是一场跋涉,也是一场选择。我们能抵达哪里,能看到什么样的风景,能成为什么样的人,都在于我们的选择。

  如果我们选择面朝大海,朝着阳光的方向挥手微笑,我们的世界必会收获一片春暖花开。如果我们选择小桥流水,在不动声色的日子里种篱修菊,我们的世界必会收获一隅静谧恬淡。

  选择临风起舞,我们就是岁月的勇者;选择临阵脱逃,我们就是生活的懦夫。

  没有淌不过去的河,就看我们如何摆渡。没有爬不过去的山,就看我们何时启程。

  德国哲学家尼采说:每一个不曾起舞的日子,都是对生命的辜负。让我们打开朝着晨光的那扇窗,迎阳光进来,在每一个日出东海的日子,无论是鲜衣怒马少年时,还是宠辱不惊中年时,都活出自己的明媚和精彩。

  时间会带来惊喜,只要我们不忘记为什么出发,不忘记以梦为马,岁月一定会对我们和颜悦色,前方也一定会有意想不到的惊喜。

  人生忽如寄,生活多苦辛。

  短暂的生命旅程,

  别辜负时光,别辜负自己。

  愿我们每一个人自律、阳光、勤奋,

  活成自己喜欢的模样,

  活成一束光,



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