描述图表
I. Useful words
图片：picture
表格：table
设计图：graph
图解（统计）：chart bar chart, pie chart, line chart
流程图/示意图：flow chart/diagram
轮廓图：figure
II. Sentences Patterns
1. 总体描述结构
Introduction : 开头部分主要是总体介绍图片是什么，1~2句话即可。
1. According to this table/chart/graph/picture, we can see that ____________________________.
2. From the graph/table/diagram/chart above, we can see that _____________________________.
3. As can be seen from the chart/ diagram/ figure/ graph/ table, ___________________________.
4. From the chart, we learn that ____________________________________________________.
5. We can see from the chart/statistics _______________________________________________.
Body: 具体表达图片展示的显著变化（changes）、趋势（tendency），并给出自己认为的原因。
1. The highest/lowest point is _________ in __________________________________________.
2. ________ increased to _________________________________________________________.
3. _________increased by _________________________________________________________.
4. ____________takes up _____% of ________________________________________________.
5. Compared with _______, _______________________________________________________.
6. ___________ is __________times as much/many as __________________________________.
7. As can be seen from the diagram, great changes have taken place in ______________________.
8. The pie chart shows the general trend in ____________________________________________.
9. From _______ to _________ the rate of decrease is slowing down.
Conclusion: 结尾部分换个表达方式再次说下图片反映的内容，适当预测展望或提出对策。
1. In conclusion, ________________________________________________________________.
2. We can conclude that ___________________________________________________________.
2. 数据表述
数据（Data）在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time
在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time
持续变化的data在不同情况下：
增加：increase / raise / rise / go up
减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall
波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave
稳定：remain stable / stabilize/ level off
最常用的两种表达法：
动词+副词形式（Verb + Adverb form）
形容词+名词形式（Adjective + Noun form）
3. 描述数据变化特点的形容词和副词
rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的
dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的
significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的
sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的
steep/steeply 急剧升降的
steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的
gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的
slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的
slight/slightly 轻微的、略微地
stable/stably 稳定的
4. 关系词、关系句
在描述过程中还有常用的固定搭配：
并列（说两个方面）：as well as(句首/中), also, as well(句尾), either, neither, too, moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally, besides, what’s more, apart from ...
举例说明：for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, in particular, particularly, especially
补充事实：as a matter of fact, in fact, actually, as long as, so long as ...
比较：similarly, likewise(句首/尾), at the same time, equally ...
对比： however, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although, even though, while, yet, on the contrary, contrarily, in contrast, conversely, on the other hand, unlikely, in stead (of), in spite of, despite of ...
4. Model 范例
开头：
It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of ___________________(多少).
分析：
What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are _________(多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, ___________(第一个原因). More importantly, ____________(第二个原因). Most important of all, ___________(第三个原因).
结尾：
From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken, ____________________(不太好的变化趋势).
III. Demonstration 示范
1. Bar chart
word/media/image2_1.pngIntroduction: 一句话介绍
The/This graph shows the changes in the number of employees at the two companies, CMA and SF, from 1999 to 2002.
Body: 具体述说
总体对比【Roughly speaking, there was an upward movement in the number of employees at SF. Meanwhile / On the other hand, the number of employees at CMF fell significantly in the first three years, and then it went up slightly in 2002.】
具体对比【In 1999, SF employed 175 people. This number rose to 210 in 2002. The number of employees at CMF, however, dropped sharply during these years, from 230 to 185. 】
Conclusion: 总结
These figures may mean that SF was much more successful than CMA in its business during the past four years.
2. Pie chart
The two pie charts are about the percentage of the energy consumption in US.
The two graphs show that oil was the major energy source in the USA in both 1980 and 1990 and that coal, natural gas and hydroelectric power remained in much the same proportions. On the other hand, there was a dramatic rise in nuclear power, which doubled its percentage over the ten years.
Oil supplied the largest percentage of energy, although the percentage decreased from 42% in 1980 to 33% in 1990. Coal in 1990 was the second largest source of energy, increasing its proportion to 27% from 22% in the previous decade. Natural gas, the second largest source in 1980 at 26%, decreased its share very slightly to provide 25% of America’s energy ten years later. There was no change in the percentage supplied by hydroelectric power which remained at 5% of the total energy used. Nuclear power the greatest change: in 1990 it was 10%, twice that of the 1980s.
We can conclude that the USA has become less dependent on oil. Its energy sources are more balanced.
3. Line chart
These three lines of wheat exports each show a quite different pattern between 1985 and 1990. Exports from Australia declined over the five-year period, while the Canadian market fluctuated considerably, and the European Community showed an increase.
In 1985, Australia exported about 15 millions of tons of wheat and the following year the number increased by one million tons to 16 million. After that, however, there was a gradual decline until 1989 and 1990 when it stabilized at about 11 million tons. Over the same period, the amount of Canadian exports varied greatly. It started at 19 million tons in 1985, reached a peak in 1988 of 24 million, dropped dramatically in 1989 to 14 million tons and then climbed back to 19 million in 1990. Seventeen million tons were exported from the European Community in 1985, but this decreased to 14 million tons in 1986 and then rose to 15 million in 1987 and 1988 before increasing once more to 20 million in 1990.
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