TED演讲:做勇敢的女孩不做完美的女孩 我们社会一直默认的教育方式是“将女孩养成完美无缺的人，将男孩育成勇敢无畏的人。” 但演讲者Reshma Saujani却否定这样的观点，每一个人都应该有勇气去挑战自己从来就只是想想而不敢尝试的事，男生女生都应该为自己勇敢！TED演讲英文文稿:TED演讲中文文稿: 0:12 So a few years ago, I did something really brave, or some would say really stupid. I ran forCongress. 0:22 For years, I had existed safely behind the scenes in politics as a fundraiser, as an organizer, butin my heart, I always wanted to run. The sitting congresswoman had been in my district since1992. She had never lost a race, and no one had really even run against her in a Democraticprimary. But in my mind, this was my way to make a difference, to disrupt the status quo. Thepolls, however, told a very different story. My pollsters told me that I was crazy to run, thatthere was no way that I could win. （无法正常播放，点击这里哦！） 1:01 But I ran anyway, and in 2012, I became an upstart in a New York City congressional race. Iswore I was going to win. I had the endorsement from the New York Daily News, the WallStreet Journal snapped pictures of me on election day, and CNBC called it one of the hottestraces in the country. I raised money from everyone I knew, including Indian aunties that werejust so happy an Indian girl was running. But on election day, the polls were right, and I only got19 percent of the vote, and the same papers that said I was a rising political star now said Iwasted 1.3 million dollars on 6,321 votes. Don't do the math. It was humiliating. 1:55 Now, before you get the wrong idea, this is not a talk about the importance of failure. Nor is itabout leaning in. I tell you the story of how I ran for Congress because I was 33 years old and itwas the first time in my entire life that I had done something that was truly brave, where I didn'tworry about being perfect. 2:20 And I'm not alone: so many women I talk to tell me that they gravitate towards careers andprofessions that they know they're going to be great in, that they know they're going to beperfect in, and it's no wonder why. Most girls are taught to avoid risk a nd failure. We're taught tosmile pretty, play it safe, get all A's. Boys, on the other hand, are taught to play rough, swinghigh, crawl to the top of the monkey bars and then just jump off headfirst. And by the timethey're adults, whether they're negotiating a raise or even asking someone out on a date,they're habituated to take risk after risk. They're rewarded for it. It's often said in Silicon Valley,no one even takes you seriously unless you've had two failed start-ups. In other words, we'reraising our girls to be perfect, and we're raising our boys to be brave. 3:20 Some people worry about our federal deficit, but I, I worry about our bravery deficit. Oureconomy, our society, we're just losing out because we're not raising our girls to be brave. Thebravery deficit is why women are underrepresented in STEM, in C-suites, in boardrooms, inCongress, and pretty much everywhere you look. 3:45 In the 1980s, psychologist Carol Dweck looked at how bright fifth graders handled an assignmentthat was too difficult for them. She found that bright girls were quick to give up. The higher theIQ, the more likely they were to give up. Bright boys, on the other hand, found the difficultmaterial to be a challenge. They found it energizing. They were more likely to redouble theirefforts. 4:11 What's going on? Well, at the fifth grade level, girls routinely outperform boys in every subject,including math and science, so it's not a question of ability. The difference is in how boys andgirls approach a challenge. And it doesn't just end in fifth grade. An HP report found that men willapply for a job if they meet only 60 percent of the qualifications, but women, women will applyonly if they meet 100 percent of the qualifications. 100 percent. This study is usually invoked asevidence that, well, women need a little more confidence. But I think it's evidence that womenhave been socialized to aspire to perfection, and they're overly cautious. 5:00 (Applause 5:03 And even when we're ambitious, even when we're leaning in, that socialization of perfection hascaused us to take less risks in our careers. And so those 600,000 jobs that are open right now incomputing and tech, women are being left behind, and it means our economy is being leftbehind on all the innovation and problems women would solve if they were socialized to be braveinstead of socialized to be perfect. 5:35 (Applause 5:39 So in 2012, I started a company to teach girls to code, and what I found is that by teachingthem to code I had socialized them to be brave. Coding, it's an endless process of trial anderror, of trying to get the right command in the right place, with sometimes just a semicolonmaking the difference between success and failure. Code breaks and then it falls apart, and itoften takes many, many tries until that magical moment when what you're trying to build comesto life. It requires perseverance. It requires imperfection. 6:21 We immediately see in our program our girls' fear of not getting it right, of not being perfect.Every Girls Who Code teacher tells me the same story. During the first week, when the girls arelearning how to code, a student will call her over and she'll say, "I don't know what code towrite." The teacher will look at her screen, and she'll see a blank text editor. If she didn't knowany better, she'd think that her student spent the past 20 minutes just staring at the screen.But if she presses undo a few times, she'll see that her student wrote code and then deleted it.She tried, she came close, but she didn't get it exactly right. Instead of showing the progressthat she made, she'd rather show nothing at all. Perfection or bust. 7:13 It turns out that our girls are really good at coding, but it's not enough just to teach them tocode. 7:21 My friend Lev Brie, who is a professor at the University of Columbia and teaches intro to Javatells me about his office hours with computer science students. When the guys are strugglingwith an assignment, they'll come in and they'll say, "Professor, there's something wrong with mycode." The girls will come in and say, "Professor, there's something wrong with me." 7:44 We have to begin to undo the socialization of perfection, but we've got to combine it with buildinga sisterhood that lets girls know that they are not alone. Because trying harder is not going to fixa broken system. I can't tell you how many women tell me, 8:00 "I'm afraid to raise my hand, I'm afraid to ask a question, because I don't want to be the onlyone who doesn't understand, the only one who is struggling. When we teac h girls to be braveand we have a supportive network cheering them on, they will build incredible things, and I seethis every day. Take, for instance, two of our high school students who built a game calledTampon Run -- yes, Tampon Run -- to fight against the menstruation taboo and sexism ingaming. Or the Syrian refugee who dared show her love for her new country by building an appto help Americans get to the polls. Or a 16-year-old girl who built an algorithm to help detectwhether a cancer is benign or malignant in the off chance that she can save her daddy's lifebecause he has cancer. These are just three examples of thousands, thousands of girls whohave been socialized to be imperfect, who have learned to keep trying, who have learnedperseverance. And whether they become coders or the next Hillary Clinton or Beyoncé, they willnot defer their dreams. 9:26 And those dreams have never been more important for our country. For the Americaneconomy, for any economy to grow, to truly innovate, we cannot leave behind half ourpopulation. We have to socialize our girls to be comfortable with imperfection, and we've got todo it now. We cannot wait for them to learn how to be brave like I did when I was 33 years old.We have to teach them to be brave in schools and early in their careers, when it has the mostpotential to impact their lives and the lives of others, and we have to show them that they will beloved and accepted not for being perfect but for being courageous. And so I need each of youto tell every young woman you know -- your sister, your niece, your employee, your colleague --to be comfortable with imperfection, because when we teach girls to be imperfect, and we helpthem leverage it, we will build a movement of young women who are brave and who will build abetter world for themselves and for each and every one of us. 10:44 Thank you. 10:45 (Applause Thank you. 10:56 Chris Anderson: Reshma, thank you. It's such a powerful vision you have. You have a vision.Tell me how it's going. How many girls are involved now in your program? 11:06 Reshma Saujani: Yeah. So in 2012, we taught 20 girls. This year we'll teach 40,000 in all 50states. 11:13 (Applause 11:15 And that number is really powerful, because last year we only graduated 7,500 women incomputer science. Like, the problem is so bad that we can make that type of change quickly. 11:29 CA: And you're working with some of the companies in this room even, who are welcominggraduates from your program? 11:35 RS: Yeah, we have about 80 partners, from Twitter to Facebook to Adobe to IBM to Microsoftto Pixar to Disney, I mean, every single company out there. And if you're not signed up, I'mgoing to find you, because we need every single tech company to embed a Girls Who Codeclassroom in their office. 11:52 CA: And you have some stories back from some of those companies that when you mix in moregender balance in the engineering teams, good things happen. 12:01 RS: Great things happen. I mean, I think that it's crazy to me to think about the fact that rightnow 85 percent of all consumer purchases are made by women. Women use social media at arate of 600 percent more than men. We own the Internet, and we should be building thecompanies of tomorrow. And I think when companies have diverse teams, and they haveincredible women that are part of their engineering teams, they build awesome things, and wesee it every day. 12:24 CA: Reshma, you saw the reaction there. You're doing incredibly important work. This wholecommunity is cheering you on. More power to you. Thank you. 12:32 RS: Thank you.
