定语从句中which和that区别

定语从句中which和that区别

定语从句中which和that区别

奥赛书上的内容：

介词后只能用which不能用that

先行词为 xxx-thing 时只能用that

先行词被the only（含序数词）等限定词修饰时只能用that

先行词被最高级修饰时只用that

限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况

1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时

(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?

(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.

(3) All that can be done has been done.

(4) There is little that I can do for you.

注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing.

2. 当先行词被序数词修饰

(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

(1) This is the best film that I have seen.

4. 当形容词被the very, the only修饰时

(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,

(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.

当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who

(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/

5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时

(1) Who is the man that is standing there?

(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时

(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

that与which的用法区别

两者都可指物，常可互换。其区别主要在于：

1. 引导非限制性定语从句时，通常要用which：

The current, which is very rapid, makes the river dangerous. 水流湍急，使这条河很危险。

He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like. 他得在星期天工作，他是不喜欢这样的。

The London team, which played so well last season, has done badly this season. 伦敦队上一个季度打得很好，这个季度却打得很差。

2. 直接放在介词后作宾语时，通常要用which：

She may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her. 她可能晚到，那样我们就要等等她。

The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的文件已找到了。

This morning some port wine came, for which I have to thank you. 今天早上送来一些波尔图葡萄酒，为此我得向你道谢。

注：有时“介词+which”引导的定语从句可以转换成“介词+which+不定式”结构：

He had only the long nights in which he could study. =He had only the long nights in which to study. 他只有漫漫长夜可用来学习。

He had a couple of revolvers with which he could defend himself.= He had a couple of revolvers with which to defend himself. 他只有一两把手枪用来自卫。

3. 当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等时，通常用that：

All that she lacked was training. 她缺的只是训练。

Have you had everything that you need? 你需要的东西都有了吗?

The sleeping man’s subconscious mind retained everything that was said around him. 这位酣睡的人头脑的下意识能记住他周围的人说的话。

She would never do anything that was not approved of by her parents. 她父母不赞同的事她绝不会做。

4. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时，通常用that：

This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。

Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原话。

5. 当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时，通常用that：

This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。

The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。

6. 当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时，通常用that：

China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。

7. 当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时，通常用that：

They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。

8. 当要避免重复时：

Which is the course that we are to take? 我们选哪门课程？

@2答：1） that既可以指人又可以指物,在句子中常作“主语”,“宾语”.

2） which只能指物,在句子中常作“主语”,“宾语”,too.



3) who只能指人,在句子中作“主语”或“宾语”.

4） whom只能指人,在句子中只作“宾语”.

5）that和which的区别（这是考试中最长出现的）

a. that只能引导限制性定语从句,which既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句.

b. 当前面的名词为不定代词或者有最高级时,只能用“that”引导.

c. 当前面为介词时,只能用“which”引导.

@3在定语从句中,who和whom就是主格和宾格的区别,另外也就没有什么好搞的了.

主要是which和that,那么你最好把规律全部记住：

1.that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略.而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置

2.which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢（有介词的用which)

3.代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all,anything,much等,这时的that常被省略

但在下列情况中用that而不用which：

　a)先行词是anything,everything,nothing ,none等不定代词时； 

　b)先行词由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时,这时的that常被省略； 

　c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时； 

　d)先行词中既有人又有物时； 

　e)整个句中前面已有which,who,that时； 

　f)当先行词为物并作表语时； 

　g)先行词为one时； 

　h)先行词同时又被the only,the very,the same修饰时；

初中英语定语从句练习题

选择填空

1. Don’t talk about such things of _______ you are not sure.

A. which B. what C. as D. those

2. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?

A. that B. where C. in which D. the one

3. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?

A. that B. where C. which D. the one

4. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?

A. that B. where C. which D. the one

5. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.

A. that B. where C. in which D. in that

6. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice.

A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what

7. This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts..

A. how you have observed B. what you have observed

C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed

8. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.

A. because B. why C. that D. whether

9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.

A. all which B. that C. all that D. which

10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.

A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which

11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.

A. as B. that C. which D. what

12. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.

A. which B. it C. that D. what

13. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist _______ were in the concert we attended last night.

A. which B. whom C. who D. that

14. The girl ________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.

A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing

15. Those ___ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.

A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn

16. Anyone ________ this opinion may speak out.

A. that against B. that against C. who is against D. who are against

17. Didn’t you see the man ________?

A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now

C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now

18. Can you lend me the novel ______ the other day?

A. that you talked B. you talked about it

C. which you talked with D. you talked about

19. Is there anything _______ to you?

A. that is belonged B. that belongs

C. that belong D. which belongs

20. ---- “How do you like the book?”

---- “It’s quite different from _______ I read last month.”

A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what

21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _____ who had lready taken them.

A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others

22. The train _______ she was travelling was late.

A. which B. where C. on which D. in that

23. He has lost the key to the drawer _______ the papers are kept.

A. where B. in which C. under which D. which

24. Antarctic _______ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.

A. which B. where C. that D. about which

25. It’s the third time _______ late this month.

A. that you arrived B. when you arrived

C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived

26. It was in 1969 _______the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.

A. that B. which C. when D. in which

27. May the fourth is the day ______ we Chinese people will never forget.

A. which B. when C. on which D. about which

28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _______ live my grandparents and some relatives.

A. which B. that C. who D. where

29. The hotel _______ during our holidays stands by the seaside.

A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at

C. we stayed D. in that we stayed

30. Is it in that factory _______ “Red Flag” cars are produced?

A. in which B. where C. which D. that

31. It is the Suez Canal _______ separates Asia ______ Africa.

A. which, to B. where, from C. that, from D. that, with

32. Under the bridge, however, almost directly below, _______ was a small canoe, with a boy in it.

A. there B. where C. it D. which

33. He is not ______ a fool _______.

A. such, as he is looked B. such, as he looks

C. as, as he is looked D. so, as he looks

34. Is that the reason _______ you are in favour of the proposal?

A. which B. what C. why D. for that

35. He must be from Africa, _______ can be seen from his skin.

A. that B. as C. who D. what

36. He has two sons, _______ work as chemists.

A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom

37. I, _______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.

A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is

38. He is a man of great experience, _______ much can be learned.

A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom

39. ---- Do you know the town at all?

---- No, this is the first time I ________ here.

A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming

40. I don’t like _______ you speak to her.

A. the way B. the way in that

C. the way which D. the way of which

41. The two things _______ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.

A. about which B. of which

C. in which D. for which

42. The dinner was the most expensive meal we ______.

A. would have B. have had C. had never had D. had ever had

43. Do you know which hotel _______?

A. she is staying B. she is staying in

C. is she staying D. is she staying in

44. There is only one thing _______ I can do.

A. what B. that C . all D. which

45. Who can think of a situation ________ this idiom can be used?

A. which B. that C. where D. in that

46. I have many books, some of _______ are on chemistry.

A. them B. that C. which D. those

47. They were interested _______ you told them.

A. in which B. in that C. all that D. in everything

48. The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, ________ much

help for knowing space.

A. which we think it is B. which we think are of

C. of which we think is D. I think which is of

49. The great day we looked forward to _______ at last.

A. come B. came C. coming D. comes

50. I like the second football match _______ was held last week.

A. which B. who C. that D. /

[参考答案]

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31—35 CABCB 36—40 BBDBA 41—45 BDBBC 46—50 CDBBC

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