英语句子成分教案

发布时间：2020-05-02 02:14:13 来源：文档文库

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统一教育学科教师个性化授课教案

讲义编号： J H R 教务主任审核签字

学生姓名：

课题：英语句子成分

授课日期及时段：

教学目的让学生完全掌握英语句子的成分问题，使学生能够更好的理解句子结构

知识点 1.句子成分的划分

2.句子的主要成分

3.句子的次要成分

4.作各个成分相应的词性

重点 1.句子的主要成分

2.谓语

3.状语

4.定语分为前置定语和后置定语

难点 1.句子的主要成分

2.状语的识别

3.定语的识别

4.宾语补足语

考点 1.划分句子结构

2.识别句子的主要成分

3.能够准确的翻译句子

技能提升通过本课的学习，使学生能够清楚的划分出句子的主要成分及次要成分，并能够清楚的理解句子结构

教学效果自评及课后反思

教学进程和教学内容（1）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分：主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（2）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当. 例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） The students all love their English teacher. We often speak English in class.（代词） They go to school by bus. One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） To see is to believe. Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. It’s no use regretting it. The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（3）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。注意动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语，不能作谓语。一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当。有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 1、可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。（1）、及物动词作谓语 We should help each other. They respect one another. All of the students like the novel. Did you see many people there? （2）、不及物动词作谓语 He left here yesterday. You’re driving too fast. The teacher came in, book in hand. He went abroad in the September of 1988. （3）连系动词表状态 He is an excellent teacher. Her son is a friend of ours. Ours is a great country. The box itself is not so heavy. 2、谓语的构成如下：（1）、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. （2）、复合谓语：（a）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要. 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （b）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （4）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话语法: 表语使用形容词,不用副词! 例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） They are brother and sister. John is captain of the team. Is it yours?（代词） What I want to say is this. The poor boy was myself. The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） Her father is sixty-five. His job is to teach English.（不定式） All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport. His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） My favourite sport is swimming. The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）注意: 副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词! 我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住。例如： Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. （6）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整，宾语补足语与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。一句话语法: 宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.例如： His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） You must keep it clean. Tom found the climb quite easy. Let the fresh air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） I have a lot of work to do. She has plenty of clothes to wear. He made me repeat the story We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） I have the car waiting. Why don’t you have your hair cut?（-ed分词） We had the machine repaired. I had my watch stolen yesterday We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）（注意：后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call, name, think, make, choose等；后跟形容词作宾语补足语的动词有keep, find, get, think, make等; 动词不定式作宾语补足语时，当谓语动词为感官动词如feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to,look at等，使役动词如let, have, make等，动词不定式不带to。）（7）定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语，是句子中的次要成分。可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般有形容词，形容词性物主代词、副词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词（短语）或句子充当。一句话语法:定语使用形容词例如： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） Mr. Green has two sons. （数词） The man downstairs couldn’t sleep well. （副词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） A man going to die is always kind-hearted. The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） Can you find out the answer to the question. His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） Would you like something to drink? The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） A barking dog seldom bites. He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语） The girl under the tree is Kate. Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green?（从句）（8）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一句话语法: 状语用副词,不用形容词，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或状语从句来充当。例如： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词） Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six?（时间状语） Hearing the news, they felt very excited. Go along this street until you reach the end. Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） Pandas only live in China. You should put the book where it was. Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I’m glad to meet you. Being ill, he didn’t go to school. I have quite a lot of work to do. （程度状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the others. Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better. She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） We usually go to school on foot. Please do it as I told you. She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm. The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） We’ll go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday. He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper. She got up early so that she could catch the first bus. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. He left early, so that he caught the train. She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy. No matter what happens, I will never lose heart. I am taller than he is.（比较状语） Your watch is not the same as mine. Mike is not as (so) tall as Jack.
课堂金思维训练题指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① the teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② there is an old man coming here. ③ the useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 选出句中谓语的中心词 (10分，10分钟) ① i don't like the picture on the wall. a. don't b. like c. picture d. wall ② the days get longer and longer when summer comes. a. get b. longer c. days d. summer ③ do you usually go to school by bus? a. do b. usually c. go d. bus ④ there will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. a. will be b. meeting c. the library d. afternoon ⑤ did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? a. did b. twins c. have d. Breakfast 挑出下列句中的宾语. a b c d ② people all over the world speak english. a b c d ③ you must pay good attention to your pronunciation. a b c d ④ how many new words did you learn last class? a b c d ⑤ some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
课后学生感悟
课后强化训练题挑出下列句中的表语 1、the leaves have turned yellow. a b c d 2 、soon they all became interested in the subject. 挑出下列句中的定语 ① they use mr. mrs. with the family name. a b c d ② what is your given name? a b c d ③ on the third lap are class 1 and class 3. a b c d

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教学进程和教学内容（1）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分：主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（2）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当. 例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） The students all love their English teacher. We often speak English in class.（代词） They go to school by bus. One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） To see is to believe. Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. It’s no use regretting it. The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（3）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。注意动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语，不能作谓语。一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当。有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 1、可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。（1）、及物动词作谓语 We should help each other. They respect one another. All of the students like the novel. Did you see many people there? （2）、不及物动词作谓语 He left here yesterday. You’re driving too fast. The teacher came in, book in hand. He went abroad in the September of 1988. （3）连系动词表状态 He is an excellent teacher. Her son is a friend of ours. Ours is a great country. The box itself is not so heavy. 2、谓语的构成如下：（1）、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. （2）、复合谓语：（a）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要. 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （b）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （4）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话语法: 表语使用形容词,不用副词! 例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） They are brother and sister. John is captain of the team. Is it yours?（代词） What I want to say is this. The poor boy was myself. The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） Her father is sixty-five. His job is to teach English.（不定式） All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport. His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） My favourite sport is swimming. The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）注意: 副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词! 我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住。例如： Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. （6）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整，宾语补足语与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。一句话语法: 宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.例如： His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） You must keep it clean. Tom found the climb quite easy. Let the fresh air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） I have a lot of work to do. She has plenty of clothes to wear. He made me repeat the story We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） I have the car waiting. Why don’t you have your hair cut?（-ed分词） We had the machine repaired. I had my watch stolen yesterday We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）（注意：后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call, name, think, make, choose等；后跟形容词作宾语补足语的动词有keep, find, get, think, make等; 动词不定式作宾语补足语时，当谓语动词为感官动词如feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to,look at等，使役动词如let, have, make等，动词不定式不带to。）（7）定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语，是句子中的次要成分。可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般有形容词，形容词性物主代词、副词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词（短语）或句子充当。一句话语法:定语使用形容词例如： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） Mr. Green has two sons. （数词） The man downstairs couldn’t sleep well. （副词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） A man going to die is always kind-hearted. The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） Can you find out the answer to the question. His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） Would you like something to drink? The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） A barking dog seldom bites. He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语） The girl under the tree is Kate. Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green?（从句）（8）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一句话语法: 状语用副词,不用形容词，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或状语从句来充当。例如： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词） Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six?（时间状语） Hearing the news, they felt very excited. Go along this street until you reach the end. Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） Pandas only live in China. You should put the book where it was. Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I’m glad to meet you. Being ill, he didn’t go to school. I have quite a lot of work to do. （程度状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the others. Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better. She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） We usually go to school on foot. Please do it as I told you. She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm. The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） We’ll go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday. He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper. She got up early so that she could catch the first bus. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. He left early, so that he caught the train. She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy. No matter what happens, I will never lose heart. I am taller than he is.（比较状语） Your watch is not the same as mine. Mike is not as (so) tall as Jack.
课堂金思维训练题指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① the teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② there is an old man coming here. ③ the useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 选出句中谓语的中心词 (10分，10分钟) ① i don't like the picture on the wall. a. don't b. like c. picture d. wall ② the days get longer and longer when summer comes. a. get b. longer c. days d. summer ③ do you usually go to school by bus? a. do b. usually c. go d. bus ④ there will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. a. will be b. meeting c. the library d. afternoon ⑤ did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? a. did b. twins c. have d. Breakfast 挑出下列句中的宾语. a b c d ② people all over the world speak english. a b c d ③ you must pay good attention to your pronunciation. a b c d ④ how many new words did you learn last class? a b c d ⑤ some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
课后学生感悟
课后强化训练题挑出下列句中的表语 1、the leaves have turned yellow. a b c d 2 、soon they all became interested in the subject. 挑出下列句中的定语 ① they use mr. mrs. with the family name. a b c d ② what is your given name? a b c d ③ on the third lap are class 1 and class 3. a b c d

英语句子成分教案

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