考研英语一模拟试题及答案解析（11）
(1~20/共20题)完形填空
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases __1__ trial of Rosemary West. In a significant __2__ of legal controls over the press. Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a __3__ bill that will propose making payments to witnesses __4__ and will strictly control the amount of __5__ that can be given to a case __6__ a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of commons media select committee. Lord Irvine said he __7__ with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not __8__ sufficient control. __9__ of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a __10__ of media protest when he said the __11__ of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges __12__ to Parliament.
The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which __13__ the European Convention on Human Rights legally __14__ in Britain, laid down that everybody was __15__ to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.
Press freedoms will be in safe hands __16__ our British judges, he said. Witness payments became an __17__ after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were __18__ to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers.
Concerns were raised __19__ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to __20__ guilty verdicts.
第1题
A.as to
B.for instance
C.in particular
D.such as
第2题
A.tightening
B.intensifying
C.focusing
D.fastening
第3题
A.sketch
B.rough
C.preliminary
D.draft
第4题
A.illogical
B.illegal
C.improbable
D.improper
第5题
A.publicity
B.penalty
C.popularity
D.peculiarity
第6题
A.since
B.if
C.before
D.as
第7题
A.sided
B.shared
C.complied
D.agreed
第8题
A.present
B.offer
C.manifest
D.indicate
第9题
A.Release
B.Publication
C.Printing
D.Exposure
第10题
A.storm
B.rage
C.flare
D.flash
第11题
A.translation
B.interpretation
C.exhibition
D.demonstration
第12题
A.better than
B.other than
C.rather than
D.sooner than
第13题
A.changes
B.makes
C.sets
D.turns
第14题
A.binding
B.convincing
C.restraining
D.sustaining
第15题
A.authorized
B.credited
C.entitled
D.qualified
第16题
A.with
B.to
C.from
D.by
第17题
A.impact
B.incident
C.inference
D.issue
第18题
A.stated
B.remarked
C.said
D.told
第19题
A.what
B.when
C.which
D.that
第20题
A.assure
B.confide
C.ensure
D.guarantee
下一题
(21~25/共20题)Section Ⅱ Reading
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
AMERICAS central bank sent a clear message this week. For the second consecutive meeting, the Federal Open Market Committee, the central banks policy-making commit tee, left short-term interest rates unchanged at 1.75%. But it said that the risks facing the economy had shifted from economic weakness to a balance between weakness and excessive growth. This shift surprised no one. But it has convinced many people that interest rates are set to rise again—and soon.
Judging by prices in futures markets, investors are betting that short-term interest rates could start rising as early as May, and will be 1.25 percentage points higher by the end of the year. That may be excessive. Economists at Goldman Sachs, who long argued that the central bank would do nothing this year, now expect short-term rates to go up only 0.75% this year, starting in June. But virtually everyone reckons some Fed tightening is in the future.
The reason After an unprecedented 11 rate-cuts in 2001, short-term interest rates are abnormally low. As the signs of robust recovery multiply, analysts expect the Fed to take back some of the rate-cuts it used as an insurance policy after the September 11th terrorist attack. But higher rates could still be further off, particularly if the recovery proves less robust than many hope. The manufacturing sector is growing after 18 months of decline. The most optimistic Wall Streeters now expect GDP to have expanded by between 5% and 60% on an annual basis in the first quarter.
But one strong quarter does not imply a sustainable recovery. In the short term, the bounce-back is being driven by a dramatic restocking of inventories. But it can be sustained only if corporate investment recovers and consumer spending stays buoyant. And since consumer spending held up so well during the recession it is unlikely to jump now.
These uncertainties alone suggest the central bank will be cautious about raising interest rates. That caution is all the more necessary given the lack of inflationary pressure. Although Americas consumer prices have stopped falling on a monthly basis, the latest figures show few signs of nascent price pressure. Indeed, given the huge pressure on corporate profits, the Federal Reserve might be happy to see consumer prices rise slightly. In short, while Wall Street frets about when and how much interest rates will go up. The answer may well be not soon and not much.
第21题
Some people expected short-term interest rates to jump soon because they
A.strongly believed in economic recovery.
B.took for granted economic expansion.
C.were cautious in their excessive investment.
D.had doubts about the effects of price pressure.
第22题
The authors attitude toward Goldman Sachss opinion is one of
A.reserved consent.
B.strong disapproval.
C.enthusiastic support.
D.slight contempt.
第23题
The American central bank was reluctant to raise interest rates because
A.everybody saw consumer prices rise again.
B.signs of robust economic recovery multiplied.
C.investors reaped rewards in futures markets.
D.it wanted to stay away from risks involved.
第24题
We can learn from the text that the Americas central bank
A.took advantage of rate-cuts policy as an insurance policy.
B.is fairly conservative in raising short-term interest rates.
C.tried to stop consumer prices from free falling but in vain.
D.place monetary policy-making in the hands of Walk Streeters.
第25题
The purpose of the author in writing the text is to
A.refute the notion that short-term rates will go up dramatically.
B.justify the optimism of Wall Streeters towards economic recoveries.
C.elaborate on the uncertainties of Feds policy-making strategies.
D.illustrate the balance between weakness and excessive growth.
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(26~30/共20题)Section Ⅱ Reading
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Worse than useless, fumed Darrell Issa, a Republican congressman from California, on March 19th, when the House Judiciary Committee held a hearing on the Immigration and Naturalization Service. Terrible, and getting worse, added Zoe Lofgren, a Democratic colleague who has kept a watchful eye on the INS for ten years.
Committee members lined up to take swings at James Ziglar, the head of the INS. He explained, somewhat pathetically, that outdated procedures had kept the visa-processing wheels grinding slowly through a backlog of applications. He also had some new rules in mind to tighten up visas. Speeding up the paperwork—and getting more of it on to computers—is vital, but the September attacks have exposed the tension between the agencys two jobs on the one hand enforcing the security of Americas borders, and on the other granting privileges such as work permits to foreigners.
But other people want more radical changes. James Sensenbrenner, a Republican congressman from Wisconsin, wants to split the INS into two separate bodies, one dealing with border security and the other with handling benefits to immigrants. The other approach, favored in the White House, is to treat the two functions as complementary, and to give the INS even more responsibility for security. Under that plan, the INS would merge with the Customs Service, which monitors the 20m shipments of goods brought into America every year, as well as the bags carried in by some 500m visitors. The two agencies would form one large body within the Department of Justice, the current home of the INS. This would cut out some of the duplicated effort at borders, where customs officers and agents from the INSs Border Patrol often rub shoulders but do not work together.
Mr. Bush—who has said that the news of the visa approvals left him plenty hot—was expected to give his approval. The senate, however, may not be quite so keen. The Justice Department could have trouble handling such a merger, let alone taking on the considerable economic responsibilities of the Customs Service, which is currently part of the Treasury.
The senate prefers yet another set of security recommendations, including links between the databases of different agencies that hold security and immigration information, and scanners at ports of entry to check biometric data recorded on immigration documents. These ideas are embodied in a bill sponsored by members of both parties, but are currently held up by Robert Byrd, the chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee, who worries that there has not been enough debate on the subject. Mr. Ziglar, poor chap, may feel there has been more than enough.
第26题
We can learn from the first paragraph that INS______.
A.will be subjected to strong criticisms.
B.has become the public laughing stock.
C.will take up economic responsibilities.
D.has won the support from Mr Bush.
第27题
Besides dealing with border security, INS also
A.keeps a watchful eye on itself.
B.grants privileges to immigrants.
C.monitors shipments of goods.
D.takes advantage of computers.
第28题
The chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee will leave the issue of INS unsettled because
A.the exclusive responsibility of INS is for border security.
B.he figured out some new rules in mind to tight up visas.
C.sufficient debate is anxiously required for a final solution.
D.most congressmen hold unfavorable opinions on INS.
第29题
Suggestions have been raised on the issue of INS except
A.charges launched against its head.
B.its merging with the Customs Service.
C.other security recommendations.
D.its separation into two bodies.
第30题
Which of the following would be the best title for this passage
A.A Redundant Agency to be Split.
B.Upset with the INS—No.
C.Merging INS with Customs
D.Inept INS—under Fire.
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(31~35/共20题)Section Ⅱ Reading
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.
Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is accountability.
Accountability isnt hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.
Of the many values that hold civilization together—honesty, kindness, and so on-accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law—and ultimately, no society.
My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on peoples behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.
Fortunately, there are still communities—smaller towns, usually—where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim, In this family certain things are not tolerated—they simply are not done!
Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none, he considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage hint.
The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, its the criminal who is considered victimized by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didnt teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didnt provide a stable home.
I dont believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.
We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.
第31题
The wise mans remarks suggest that______
A.its unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil
B.its certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about it
C.its only natural for virtue to defeat evil
D.its desirable for good men to keep away from evil
第32题
According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime______
A.society is to be held responsible
B.modem civilization is responsible for it
C.the criminal himself should bear the blame
D.the standards of living should be improved
第33题
Compared with those in small.towns, people in large cities have______
A.less self-discipline
B.better sense of discipline
C.more mutual respect
D.less effective government
第34题
The writer is sorry to have noticed that______
A.people in large cities tend to excuse criminals
B.people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards
C.todays society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty
D.people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities
第35题
The main idea of the passage is that______
A.stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and families
B.more good examples should be set for people to follow
C.more restrictions should be imposed on peoples behavior
D.more people should accept the value of accountability
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(36~40/共20题)Section Ⅱ Reading
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Imagine the U.S. economic gains of the 1990s, and what comes to mind Perhaps it was how the stock market ruled All those initial public offerings that raked in unprecedented billions for venture capitalists.
And wasnt it a great time to be a top manager, with productivity gains boosting the bottom line and igniting executive pay While it was going on, venture capitalist L. John Doerr called the boom the largest single legal creation of wealth in history.
Well, yes and no. With the recession apparently over, its now possible to make a more realistic assessment of the entire business cycle of the 1990s The sluggish recovery that started in March, 1991, the extraordinary boom, the tech bust, and the downturn of 2001. And guess what A lot of things happened that defy the conventional beliefs about the decade.
Over this 10-year period, productivity rose at a 2.2% annual rate, roughly half a percentage point faster than in the 1980s—a significant gain. But the real stunner is this The biggest winners from the faster productivity growth of the 1990s were workers, not investors. In many ways, the most tangible sign of worker gains in the 1990s was the home-buying boom. This revelation helps us understand why consumer spending stayed so strong in the recession and why businesses may still struggle in the months ahead.
By contrast, the return on the stock market in the 1990s business cycle was actually lower than it was in the business cycle of the 80s. Adjusted for inflation and including dividends, average annual returns on the S＆P-500 index from March, 1991, to the end of 2001 were 11.1%, compared with 12.8% in the previous business cycle.
Overall, Business Week calculates that U.S. workers received 99% of the gains from faster productivity growth in the 1990s at nonfinancial corporations. Corporate profits did rise sharply, but much of that gain was fueled by lower interest rates rather than increased productivity.
Why did workers fare so well in the 1990s The education level of many Americans made an impressive leap in the 90s, putting them in a better position to qualify for the sorts of jobs that the New Economy created. Low unemployment rates drove up wages. And a torrent of foreign money coming into the U.S. created new jobs and financed productivity-enhancing equipment investment.
As it turns out, the original perceptions of who benefited most from the productivity gains of the 1990s was flipped on its head. Looking ahead, the economic pie is growing bigger all the time, but its still up for grabs who will get the largest piece in the future. And in the end, thats the real lesson of the 1990s.
第36题
According to the writer, the original notion on the productivity gains of the 1990s turns out to be
A.somewhat superficial,
B.quite trustworthy.
C.rather misleading.
D.very illuminating.
第37题
John Doerr called the boom in the 1990s the largest single legal creation of wealth because
A.corporate profits were mostly gained by lower interest rates.
B.productivity rose at a 2.20% annual rate over this 10-year period.
C.consumer spending stayed so strong even in the recession.
D.many workers were qualified for the sorts of jobs in production.
第38题
When mentioning average annual returns(Paragraph 5), the author is talking about
A.home buying,
B.stock market.
C.venture investment.
D.job market.
第39题
As stated in the text, those who grabbed the largest piece in the economic pie in the 1990s were
A.venture capitalists who reaped rewards.
B.investor3 engaged in the tech-sector.
C.workers in nonfinancial corporations.
D.shareholders in the stock market.
第40题
The purpose of the author in writing this text is
A.to highlight the role the stock market plays in productivity gains.
B.to explain why workers and executives get on so well in 1990s.
C.to compare the economic cycle in the 1990s with that in the 1980s.
D.to examine the New Economy in 1990s from a new perspective.
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(41~45/共5题)Part B
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
[A] There is also concern about falling water tables in the US, one of the world´s three largest food-producing countries. "In the United States the irrigated area is shrinking in leading farm states with rapid population growth, such as California and Texas, as aquifers are depleted and irrigation water is diverted to cities."
[B] The situation is most serious in the Middle East. According to Brown: "Among the countries whose water supply has peaked and begun to decline are Saudi Arabia, Syria, Iraq and Yemen." By 2016 Saudi Arabia projects it will be importing some 15m tonnes of wheat, rice, corn and barley to feed its population of 30 million people. It is the first country to publicly project how aquifer depletion will shrink its grain harvest.
[C] Brown warns that Syria´s grain production peaked in 2002 and since then has dropped 30%; Iraq has dropped its grain production 33% since 2004; and production in Iran dropped 10% between 2007 and 2012 as its irrigation wells started to go dry.
[D] Wells are drying up and underwater tables falling so fast in the Middle East and the US that food supplies are seriously threatened, one of the world´s leading resource analysts has warned. In a major new essay Lester Brown, head of the Earth Policy Institute in Washington, claims that 18 countries, together containing half the world´s people, are now overpumping their underground water tables to the point — known as "peak water" — where they are not replenishing and where harvests are getting smaller each year.
[E] The situation in India may be even worse, given that well drillers are now using modified oil-drilling technology to reach water half a mile or more deep. "The harvest has been expanding rapidly in recent years, but only because of massive overpumping from the water table. The margin between food consumption and survival is precarious in India, whose population is growing by 18 million per year and where irrigation depends almost entirely on underground water. Farmers have drilled some 21 m irrigation wells and are pumping vast amounts of underground water, and water tables are declining at an accelerating rate in Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. "
[F] In the US, farmers are overpumping in the Western Great Plains, including in several leading grain-producing states such as Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska. Irrigated agriculture has thrived in these states, but the water is drawn from the Ogallala aquifer, a huge underground water body that stretches from Nebraska southwards to the Texas Panhandle. "It is, unfortunately, a fossil aquifer, one that does not recharge. Once it is depleted, the wells go dry and farmers either go back to dryland farming or abandon farming altogether, depending on local conditions," says Brown. "In Texas, located on the shallow end of the aquifer, the irrigated area peaked in 1975 and has dropped 37% since then. In Oklahoma irrigation peaked in 1982 and has dropped by 25%. In Kansas the peak did not come until 2009, but during the three years since then it has dropped precipitously, falling nearly 30%. Nebraska saw its irrigated area peak in 2007. Since then its grain harvest has shrunk by 15%. "
[G] "Iran is already in deep trouble. It is feeling the effects of shrinking water supplies from overpumping. Yemen is fast becoming a hydrological basket case. Grain production has fallen there by half over the last 35 years. By 2015 irrigated fields will be a rarity and the country will be importing virtually all of its grain. "
41→42→43→44→A→45
第41题
________
第42题
________
第43题
________
第44题
________
第45题
________
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(46~50/共5题)Part C
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)
(46) A favourite prediction of environmentalism has bitten the dust—too many natural resources, rather than too few, are the cause of an increasing number of wars in the 21st century.(47)Many greens had predicted that the new century would see a rash of wars in countries where natural resources such as timber, water, minerals and fertile soils are running out. But far from it, says the 2002 State of the World report from the prestigious Washington-based think-tank, the Worldwatch Institute. In fact, says the reports co-author Michael Renner, there are numerous places in the developing world where abundant natural resources help fuel conflicts. More than a quarter of current conflicts are either being fought over, or are funded by, some lucrative natural resource. Examples cited by the Worldwatch Institute include -Diamond mines in Sierra Leone and Angola making the two African nations ripe for plunder by warlords -Profits from sapphires, rubies and timber arming the Khmer Rouge in their interminable jungle war in Cambodia -Guerillas using the threat of sabotage to extort hundreds of millions of dollars from oil companies prospecting in Colombia -Opium funding 20 years of war in Afghanistan -The Congos continuing civil war subsisting on the proceeds of elephant tusks and coltan, a vital mineral in the manufacture of mobile phones With the end of the cold war, superpowers no longer fund civil wars for their own geopolitical ends, says Renner. Their place has been taken by the market—in the form of the plunder and sale of natural resources.(48)Natures bounty attracts groups that may claim they are driven by grievance, but which initiate violence not to overthrow a government but to gain and maintain control of lucrative resources, says Renner. Such resource wars are being fought because of greed rather than need.(49)According to David Keen at the London School of Economics We tend to regard conflict as simply a breakdown in a particular system, rather than as the emergence of another, alternative system of profit and powers i.e. a conflict economy with the looting of natural resources at its heart. Renner warns that warlords in such conflicts have no interest in winning the war, because its continuance is more profitable.(50)And he says too many Western governments are happy to turn a blind eye as their own corporations reap the benefits in cheap no-questions-asked raw materials. Renner argues the issue of resource conflicts should be added to the agenda of the forthcoming World Summit on Sustainable Development to be held in Johannesburg in August 2002.
第46题
_____
第47题
______
第48题
_______
第49题
______
第50题
_____
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(1/1)Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
Directions: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10
points)
第51题
Write a letter to invite a friend, Michelle, to travel abroad with you. In the letter, you should
1) tell her the reason(s) you intend to travel,
2) what´ s your plan for the travel, and
3) explain the reason(s) you invite her.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
_____________
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(1/1)Part B
Directions: Write an essay of 160 - 200 words based on the following information. (20 points)
第52题
Study the following drawings carefully and write an essay to
1) describe the drawings,
2) interpret their meaning, and
3) give your comments.
You should write 160-200 words neatly.
图片
_____________________上一题 交卷
交卷
答题卡
答案及解析
(1~20/共20题)完形填空
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases __1__ trial of Rosemary West. In a significant __2__ of legal controls over the press. Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a __3__ bill that will propose making payments to witnesses __4__ and will strictly control the amount of __5__ that can be given to a case __6__ a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of commons media select committee. Lord Irvine said he __7__ with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not __8__ sufficient control. __9__ of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a __10__ of media protest when he said the __11__ of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges __12__ to Parliament.
The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which __13__ the European Convention on Human Rights legally __14__ in Britain, laid down that everybody was __15__ to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.
Press freedoms will be in safe hands __16__ our British judges, he said. Witness payments became an __17__ after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were __18__ to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers.
Concerns were raised __19__ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to __20__ guilty verdicts.
第1题
A.as to
B.for instance
C.in particular
D.such as
参考答案： D 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 连词短语辨析题。the trial of Rosemary West是前面prominent cases中的一个例子，需用such as与前文连接，表示列举。如用for instance，要用逗号隔开，这里显然不行。
第2题
A.tightening
B.intensifying
C.focusing
D.fastening
参考答案： A 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 动名词辨析题。tighten v.变紧，绷紧，拉紧；intensify vt.加强 focus vt.使集中在焦点上；fasten vt.扎牢，扣住。根据句意，这里填入tightening符合句意。
第3题
A.sketch
B.rough
C.preliminary
D.draft
参考答案： D 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 名词辨析题。所填词要与动词introduce搭配，所以，填入draft符合句意。
第4题
A.illogical
B.illegal
C.improbable
D.improper
参考答案： B 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 形容词辨析题。illegal adj．违法的，不合规定的，填入句中符合前文内容。
第5题
A.publicity
B.penalty
C.popularity
D.peculiarity
参考答案： A 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 名词辨析题。publicity n.公开，填入句中符合句意。
第6题
A.since
B.if
C.before
D.as
参考答案： C 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 句意理解题。填入before后接时间点，表示在…前，符合句意。
第7题
A.sided
B.shared
C.complied
D.agreed
参考答案： D 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 固定搭配。agree with同意，适合(可接某种观点)，所以本题填入agree符合句意。comply with遵从，照做；side with与(某人)站在同一边，和(某人)抱同样的见解；share with分享，分担。
第8题
A.present
B.offer
C.manifest
D.indicate
参考答案： B 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 动词近义词辨析题。present vt．介绍，引见，提出，赠送；offer vt．提供；manifest vt.表明，证明；indicate vt.指出，显示，象征，预示，需要，简要地说明。根据句意，填入offer符合句意。
第9题
A.Release
B.Publication
C.Printing
D.Exposure
参考答案： B 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 名词辨析题。所填词表示(信件的)公开，所以，选用publication合适。
第10题
A.storm
B.rage
C.flare
D.flash
参考答案： A 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 名词辨析题。所填词有介词短语of media protest修饰，当然用storm更形象。
第11题
A.translation
B.interpretation
C.exhibition
D.demonstration
参考答案： B 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 名词近义词辨析题。interpretation n.解释，阐明，填入句中符合文意。
第12题
A.better than
B.other than
C.rather than
D.sooner than
参考答案： C 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 连词短语辨析题。rather than胜于，填入句中符合上下文。other than不同于，除了。
第13题
A.changes
B.makes
C.sets
D.turns
参考答案： B 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 动词辨析题。这里需填入一个系动词，表示使…怎么样，所以，只有makes能填入。
第14题
A.binding
B.convincing
C.restraining
D.sustaining
参考答案： A 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 动词辨析题。bind v.使受法规或诺言的约束，填入句中符合句意。
第15题
A.authorized
B.credited
C.entitled
D.qualified
参考答案： C 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 动词近义词辨析题。只有entitle能表达给…权利(或资格)的意思。其他选项都不符合句意。
第16题
A.with
B.to
C.from
D.by
参考答案： A 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 固定搭配。be in safe hand with为固定搭配，当然只能选择with。
第17题
A.impact
B.incident
C.inference
D.issue
参考答案： D 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 名词辨析题。issue n.论点，问题，这里相当于problem，填入句中符合下文意思。
第18题
A.stated
B.remarked
C.said
D.told
参考答案： C 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 习惯用法。所填词显然表示据说…，这里只能用 said。
第19题
A.what
B.when
C.which
D.that
参考答案： D 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 语法知识的运用。所填词在这里要引导一个同位语从句，这里只能用that。
第20题
A.assure
B.confide
C.ensure
D.guarantee
参考答案： C 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 动词近义词辨析题。ensure v.确保，确保，保证，填入句中符合文意。其他几个词虽然都有保证的意思，但用在这里都不确切。
下一题
(21~25/共20题)Section Ⅱ Reading
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
AMERICAS central bank sent a clear message this week. For the second consecutive meeting, the Federal Open Market Committee, the central banks policy-making commit tee, left short-term interest rates unchanged at 1.75%. But it said that the risks facing the economy had shifted from economic weakness to a balance between weakness and excessive growth. This shift surprised no one. But it has convinced many people that interest rates are set to rise again—and soon.
Judging by prices in futures markets, investors are betting that short-term interest rates could start rising as early as May, and will be 1.25 percentage points higher by the end of the year. That may be excessive. Economists at Goldman Sachs, who long argued that the central bank would do nothing this year, now expect short-term rates to go up only 0.75% this year, starting in June. But virtually everyone reckons some Fed tightening is in the future.
The reason After an unprecedented 11 rate-cuts in 2001, short-term interest rates are abnormally low. As the signs of robust recovery multiply, analysts expect the Fed to take back some of the rate-cuts it used as an insurance policy after the September 11th terrorist attack. But higher rates could still be further off, particularly if the recovery proves less robust than many hope. The manufacturing sector is growing after 18 months of decline. The most optimistic Wall Streeters now expect GDP to have expanded by between 5% and 60% on an annual basis in the first quarter.
But one strong quarter does not imply a sustainable recovery. In the short term, the bounce-back is being driven by a dramatic restocking of inventories. But it can be sustained only if corporate investment recovers and consumer spending stays buoyant. And since consumer spending held up so well during the recession it is unlikely to jump now.
These uncertainties alone suggest the central bank will be cautious about raising interest rates. That caution is all the more necessary given the lack of inflationary pressure. Although Americas consumer prices have stopped falling on a monthly basis, the latest figures show few signs of nascent price pressure. Indeed, given the huge pressure on corporate profits, the Federal Reserve might be happy to see consumer prices rise slightly. In short, while Wall Street frets about when and how much interest rates will go up. The answer may well be not soon and not much.
第21题
Some people expected short-term interest rates to jump soon because they
A.strongly believed in economic recovery.
B.took for granted economic expansion.
C.were cautious in their excessive investment.
D.had doubts about the effects of price pressure.
参考答案： A 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 题干问：某些人们希望利率将会马上增加，原因是他们…。从原文的第3自然段开始，作者指出了人们认为持此观点的原因，即以往政府采用降低利率的做法，而各种迹象似乎表明经济正在复苏。而作者指出的正是这种迹象并非意味着可持续的经济发展。答案选项表达了此含义。而选项把经济的扩张想当然，对自己的过度投机持谨慎态度以及怀疑价格压力的影响这三个选项中尽管出现了原文的某些表达，但是皆不符合题意。
第22题
The authors attitude toward Goldman Sachss opinion is one of
A.reserved consent.
B.strong disapproval.
C.enthusiastic support.
D.slight contempt.
参考答案： C 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 题干问：本文作者对Goldman Sachs所持观点的态度是…。从原文第3自然段可知，Sachs认为中央银行今年可能在政策方面不会有太大的变动，他希望短期利率不会有太大的增加。而综观全文作者写作此文所表述的正好是这一观点。换言之，Sachs的观点在文中起到了论据的作用。答案选项表达了此含义。而选项有所保留的赞成，强烈反对以及稍有蔑视这三个观点皆不符合题意。
第23题
The American central bank was reluctant to raise interest rates because
A.everybody saw consumer prices rise again.
B.signs of robust economic recovery multiplied.
C.investors reaped rewards in futures markets.
D.it wanted to stay away from risks involved.
参考答案： D 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 题干问：美国中央银行不愿意去提高利率，原因是…。从原文的第1自然段可知，据银行方面透露，现在的经济状况有许多不确定因素，而在全文的第5自然段作者又再次呼应了这一思想。答案选项表达了此含义。而选项人们看到了消费价格的再次增加，稳定经济复苏的迹象正在增加以及投资者从期货市场获得了回报这三个选项中尽管出现了原文的某些表达，但是与本文的中心议题相背，且皆不符合题意。
第24题
We can learn from the text that the Americas central bank
A.took advantage of rate-cuts policy as an insurance policy.
B.is fairly conservative in raising short-term interest rates.
C.tried to stop consumer prices from free falling but in vain.
D.place monetary policy-making in the hands of Walk Streeters.
参考答案： B 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 题干问：我们可以从本文获悉，美国中央银行…。本题需要根据原文的信息做出推理。根据原文的信息可知：美国中央银行大幅度快速提高利率，原因是经济中出现了许多不确定因素。所以在其提高利率的问题上持有谨慎的态度。答案选项表达了此含义。而选项利用了减少利率的政策作为一种保险政策，努力阻止消费价格的下降但是没有取得效果以及让华尔街投资者控制金融政策的制定这三个选项中尽管出现了原文的某些表达，但是与本文的中心议题相背，且皆不符合题意。
第25题
The purpose of the author in writing the text is to
A.refute the notion that short-term rates will go up dramatically.
B.justify the optimism of Wall Streeters towards economic recoveries.
C.elaborate on the uncertainties of Feds policy-making strategies.
D.illustrate the balance between weakness and excessive growth.
参考答案： A 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 题干问：作者写作此文的目的是…。作者在第一自然段就直接说明了利率不会大幅度的增加，之后整篇文章以分析性的思路展开。在分析的同时，批驳了那些认为利率将马上增加而且大幅度增加的思想。本题为中心论点题目。答案选项表达了此含义。而选项说明华尔街投资者对经济复苏的乐观是有道理的，详尽说明银行金融政策指定策略以及阐述经济薄弱和过度增加的平衡这三个选项中尽管出现了原文的某些表达，但是与本文的中心议题相背，且皆不符合题意。
上一题 下一题
(26~30/共20题)Section Ⅱ Reading
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Worse than useless, fumed Darrell Issa, a Republican congressman from California, on March 19th, when the House Judiciary Committee held a hearing on the Immigration and Naturalization Service. Terrible, and getting worse, added Zoe Lofgren, a Democratic colleague who has kept a watchful eye on the INS for ten years.
Committee members lined up to take swings at James Ziglar, the head of the INS. He explained, somewhat pathetically, that outdated procedures had kept the visa-processing wheels grinding slowly through a backlog of applications. He also had some new rules in mind to tighten up visas. Speeding up the paperwork—and getting more of it on to computers—is vital, but the September attacks have exposed the tension between the agencys two jobs on the one hand enforcing the security of Americas borders, and on the other granting privileges such as work permits to foreigners.
But other people want more radical changes. James Sensenbrenner, a Republican congressman from Wisconsin, wants to split the INS into two separate bodies, one dealing with border security and the other with handling benefits to immigrants. The other approach, favored in the White House, is to treat the two functions as complementary, and to give the INS even more responsibility for security. Under that plan, the INS would merge with the Customs Service, which monitors the 20m shipments of goods brought into America every year, as well as the bags carried in by some 500m visitors. The two agencies would form one large body within the Department of Justice, the current home of the INS. This would cut out some of the duplicated effort at borders, where customs officers and agents from the INSs Border Patrol often rub shoulders but do not work together.
Mr. Bush—who has said that the news of the visa approvals left him plenty hot—was expected to give his approval. The senate, however, may not be quite so keen. The Justice Department could have trouble handling such a merger, let alone taking on the considerable economic responsibilities of the Customs Service, which is currently part of the Treasury.
The senate prefers yet another set of security recommendations, including links between the databases of different agencies that hold security and immigration information, and scanners at ports of entry to check biometric data recorded on immigration documents. These ideas are embodied in a bill sponsored by members of both parties, but are currently held up by Robert Byrd, the chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee, who worries that there has not been enough debate on the subject. Mr. Ziglar, poor chap, may feel there has been more than enough.
第26题
We can learn from the first paragraph that INS______.
A.will be subjected to strong criticisms.
B.has become the public laughing stock.
C.will take up economic responsibilities.
D.has won the support from Mr Bush.
参考答案： A 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 题干问：从原文第1自然段我们可以看到，移民局…。根据原文第1自然段和第2自然段的衔接可以看到，移民局将遭到严重的批评，答案选项表达了此意。而选项成为公众的笑柄，将承担经济责任以及赢得了Bush的同意皆与原文的题意不符合。
第27题
Besides dealing with border security, INS also
A.keeps a watchful eye on itself.
B.grants privileges to immigrants.
C.monitors shipments of goods.
D.takes advantage of computers.
参考答案： B 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 题干问：除了处理边境安全问题外。移民局还…。根据原文第2自然段以及第3自然段中的benefit与之形成的呼应可以看出，移民局除了处理边境安全问题外还给予移民更多的特权，答案选项表达了此意。而选项认真审视自己，监视货品的货运以及使用计算机皆不符合题意。
第28题
The chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee will leave the issue of INS unsettled because
A.the exclusive responsibility of INS is for border security.
B.he figured out some new rules in mind to tight up visas.
C.sufficient debate is anxiously required for a final solution.
D.most congressmen hold unfavorable opinions on INS.
参考答案： C 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 题干问：上议院仲裁委员会对移民局的问题并没有提出解决的方案是因为…。根据原文最后一段提到的还要进行进一步的争论才能得出最后的结论，所以最后的决定需要足够的数据，答案选项表达了此意。而选项移民局的责任是边境安全，主席已经得到了一些关于严格签证办法的新规定以及许多国会对移民局有不好的看法皆不是造成方案未提出的原因，所以皆不符合题意。
第29题
Suggestions have been raised on the issue of INS except
A.charges launched against its head.
B.its merging with the Customs Service.
C.other security recommendations.
D.its separation into two bodies.
参考答案： A 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 题干问：关于移民局的问题，下列提出的建议除了…。根据原文，选项与海关合并，其他的安全问题以及把它分为两个团体在原文都有提及，只有对局长提出了控告，在原文没有提及。
第30题
Which of the following would be the best title for this passage
A.A Redundant Agency to be Split.
B.Upset with the INS—No.
C.Merging INS with Customs
D.Inept INS—under Fire.
参考答案： D 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 题干问：最符合本文标题的是…。本文的中心是关于移民局所遇到的困难和问题，所以本文的标题是Inept INS—under Fire无能的移民局受到人们的攻击。而选项一个多余的结构应该分解，对移民局不满吗不是!以及与海关合并吗反映的只是文章问题的一个侧面，所以皆不符合意。
上一题 下一题
(31~35/共20题)Section Ⅱ Reading
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.
Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is accountability.
Accountability isnt hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.
Of the many values that hold civilization together—honesty, kindness, and so on-accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law—and ultimately, no society.
My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on peoples behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.
Fortunately, there are still communities—smaller towns, usually—where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim, In this family certain things are not tolerated—they simply are not done!
Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none, he considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage hint.
The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, its the criminal who is considered victimized by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didnt teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didnt provide a stable home.
I dont believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.
We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.
第31题
The wise mans remarks suggest that______
A.its unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil
B.its certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about it
C.its only natural for virtue to defeat evil
D.its desirable for good men to keep away from evil
参考答案： B 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 第一段第一句指出，一位圣人曾经说过，好人无所作为，邪恶必然盛行。
第32题
According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime______
A.society is to be held responsible
B.modem civilization is responsible for it
C.the criminal himself should bear the blame
D.the standards of living should be improved
参考答案： C 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 第三段指出，责任并不难定义，它意味着每一个人都要为他或她的行为和后果负责。即是说，如果一个人犯罪，他就要为自己的行为负责，遭到惩罚。
第33题
Compared with those in small.towns, people in large cities have______
A.less self-discipline
B.better sense of discipline
C.more mutual respect
D.less effective government
参考答案： A 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 第七段指出，幸运的是，通常在一些小城镇，仍然有些社区的学校在维持纪律，父母仍然在坚持道德标准。第八段第一句指出，而越来越明显，特别是在较大的城市和市郊，这些内在的约束在松动。
第34题
The writer is sorry to have noticed that______
A.people in large cities tend to excuse criminals
B.people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards
C.todays society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty
D.people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities
参考答案： A 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 第八段第一句指出，而越来越明显，特别是在较大的城市和市郊，这些内在的约束在松动。第九段指出，这种道德垮台的主要原因是人们对待犯罪的态度在急剧转变。人们对犯罪越来越宽容。
第35题
The main idea of the passage is that______
A.stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and families
B.more good examples should be set for people to follow
C.more restrictions should be imposed on peoples behavior
D.more people should accept the value of accountability
参考答案： D 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 第三段指出，责任意味着每一个人都要为他或她的行为和后果负责。这也是全文的主题。
上一题 下一题
(36~40/共20题)Section Ⅱ Reading
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Imagine the U.S. economic gains of the 1990s, and what comes to mind Perhaps it was how the stock market ruled All those initial public offerings that raked in unprecedented billions for venture capitalists.
And wasnt it a great time to be a top manager, with productivity gains boosting the bottom line and igniting executive pay While it was going on, venture capitalist L. John Doerr called the boom the largest single legal creation of wealth in history.
Well, yes and no. With the recession apparently over, its now possible to make a more realistic assessment of the entire business cycle of the 1990s The sluggish recovery that started in March, 1991, the extraordinary boom, the tech bust, and the downturn of 2001. And guess what A lot of things happened that defy the conventional beliefs about the decade.
Over this 10-year period, productivity rose at a 2.2% annual rate, roughly half a percentage point faster than in the 1980s—a significant gain. But the real stunner is this The biggest winners from the faster productivity growth of the 1990s were workers, not investors. In many ways, the most tangible sign of worker gains in the 1990s was the home-buying boom. This revelation helps us understand why consumer spending stayed so strong in the recession and why businesses may still struggle in the months ahead.
By contrast, the return on the stock market in the 1990s business cycle was actually lower than it was in the business cycle of the 80s. Adjusted for inflation and including dividends, average annual returns on the S＆P-500 index from March, 1991, to the end of 2001 were 11.1%, compared with 12.8% in the previous business cycle.
Overall, Business Week calculates that U.S. workers received 99% of the gains from faster productivity growth in the 1990s at nonfinancial corporations. Corporate profits did rise sharply, but much of that gain was fueled by lower interest rates rather than increased productivity.
Why did workers fare so well in the 1990s The education level of many Americans made an impressive leap in the 90s, putting them in a better position to qualify for the sorts of jobs that the New Economy created. Low unemployment rates drove up wages. And a torrent of foreign money coming into the U.S. created new jobs and financed productivity-enhancing equipment investment.
As it turns out, the original perceptions of who benefited most from the productivity gains of the 1990s was flipped on its head. Looking ahead, the economic pie is growing bigger all the time, but its still up for grabs who will get the largest piece in the future. And in the end, thats the real lesson of the 1990s.
第36题
According to the writer, the original notion on the productivity gains of the 1990s turns out to be
A.somewhat superficial,
B.quite trustworthy.
C.rather misleading.
D.very illuminating.
参考答案： C 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 题干问：作者认为，人们最初的对生产力的增加在20世纪90年代的观点是…。根据原文第1自然段和第3自然段最后一句，这种观点的结果是相当错误的。而选项肤浅的，相当值得信赖的以及有启发性的皆不符合题意。
第37题
John Doerr called the boom in the 1990s the largest single legal creation of wealth because
A.corporate profits were mostly gained by lower interest rates.
B.productivity rose at a 2.20% annual rate over this 10-year period.
C.consumer spending stayed so strong even in the recession.
D.many workers were qualified for the sorts of jobs in production.
参考答案： A 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 题干问：John Doerr 把 20世纪90年代的繁荣称之为法律带来的财富是因为…。根据原文第2自然段关于法律以及第6自然段关于低利率的阐述可以得出，原因是公司的获利主要是由于低利率所产生的。而选项生产力在过去的十年期间增长了2.2%，在衰退期间，消费者的消费仍很坚挺以及对于生产性的工作许多工人是很有资格的虽在原文都有提及，但不是本题的原因，皆不符合题意。
第38题
When mentioning average annual returns(Paragraph 5), the author is talking about
A.home buying,
B.stock market.
C.venture investment.
D.job market.
参考答案： B 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 题干问；当提到average annual returns平均年回报时，作者谈论的是…。作者在文章第5自然段开头提到the return on the stock market，而且多处提到股票市场，而这种股票投资没有得到很多回报，所以平均年回报指的是股票市场。而选项房地产价格，风险投资以及就业市场皆不符合题意。
第39题
As stated in the text, those who grabbed the largest piece in the economic pie in the 1990s were
A.venture capitalists who reaped rewards.
B.investor3 engaged in the tech-sector.
C.workers in nonfinancial corporations.
D.shareholders in the stock market.
参考答案： C 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 题干问：根据原文所述，那些抓住了20世纪90年代的经济大饼中的最大一块的人是…。根据原文第4、7自然段，作者分析了工人生活水平好的原因，所以那些人是非金融机构中工作的人。而选项获得巨额回报的风险投资者，从事于技术领域的投资者以及股票市场的股票持有者皆不符合题意。
第40题
The purpose of the author in writing this text is
A.to highlight the role the stock market plays in productivity gains.
B.to explain why workers and executives get on so well in 1990s.
C.to compare the economic cycle in the 1990s with that in the 1980s.
D.to examine the New Economy in 1990s from a new perspective.
参考答案： D 您的答案： 未作答
答案解析： 题干问：作者写作本文的目的是…。作者在文章最后一句提到这是美国经济的一个很好的教训，所以我们应该从新的角度看待20世纪90年代新经济。而选项强调股票在生产力中起的作用，解释为什么工人在20世纪90年代生活得这么好以及对比20世纪90年代与20世纪80年代的经济皆不是作者写作的目的，不符合题意。
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(41~45/共5题)Part B
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
[A] There is also concern about falling water tables in the US, one of the world´s three largest food-producing countries. "In the United States the irrigated area is shrinking in leading farm states with rapid population growth, such as California and Texas, as aquifers are depleted and irrigation water is diverted to cities."
[B] The situation is most serious in the Middle East. According to Brown: "Among the countries whose water supply has peaked and begun to decline are Saudi Arabia, Syria, Iraq and Yemen." By 2016 Saudi Arabia projects it will be importing some 15m tonnes of wheat, rice, corn and barley to feed its population of 30 million people. It is the first country to publicly project how aquifer depletion will shrink its grain harvest.
[C] Brown warns that Syria´s grain production peaked in 2002 and since then has dropped 30%; Iraq has dropped its grain production 33% since 2004; and production in Iran dropped 10% between 2007 and 2012 as its irrigation wells started to go dry.
[D] Wells are drying up and underwater tables falling so fast in the Middle East and the US that food supplies are seriously threatened, one of the world´s leading resource analysts has warned. In a major new essay Lester Brown, head of the Earth Policy Institute in Washington, claims that 18 countries, together containing half the world´s people, are now overpumping their underground water tables to the point — known as "peak water" — where they are not replenishing and where harvests are getting smaller each year.
[E] The situation in India may be even worse, given that well drillers are now using modified oil-drilling technology to reach water half a mile or more deep. "The harvest has been expanding rapidly in recent years, but only because of massive overpumping from the water table. The margin between food consumption and survival is precarious in India, whose population is growing by 18 million per year and where irrigation depends almost entirely on underground water. Farmers have drilled some 21 m irrigation wells and are pumping vast amounts of underground water, and water tables are declining at an accelerating rate in Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. "
[F] In the US, farmers are overpumping in the Western Great Plains, including in several leading grain-producing states such as Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska. Irrigated agriculture has thrived in these states, but the water is drawn from the Ogallala aquifer, a huge underground water body that stretches from Nebraska southwards to the Texas Panhandle. "It is, unfortunately, a fossil aquifer, one that does not recharge. Once it is depleted, the wells go dry and farmers either go back to dryland farming or abandon farming altogether, depending on local conditions," says Brown. "In Texas, located on the shallow end of the aquifer, the irrigated area peaked in 1975 and has dropped 37% since then. In Oklahoma irrigation peaked in 1982 and has dropped by 25%. In Kansas the peak did not come until 2009, but during the three years since then it has dropped precipitously, falling nearly 30%. Nebraska saw its irrigated area peak in 2007. Since then its grain harvest has shrunk by 15%. "
[G] "Iran is already in deep trouble. It is feeling the effects of shrinking water supplies from overpumping. Yemen is fast becoming a hydrological basket case. Grain production has fallen there by half over the last 35 years. By 2015 irrigated fields will be a rarity and the country will be importing virtually all of its grain. "
41→42→43→44→A→45
第41题
________
参考答案： D
详细解答： 本文主要讨论的是中东和美国的水井枯竭以及地下水水位降低所导致的粮食供应危机。[D]段通过一位世界顶尖资源分析师的警告引出该话题，并且莱斯特.布朗进一步说明地下水水位过度开采至水峰值时，会导致粮食产量逐年减少。所以[D]应该是全文的总起段落。另外，在其他几段中也出现了人名布朗，但只有本段出现的是全名，故[D]为第一段。
第42题
________
参考答案： B
详细解答： 作者在上文介绍了中东和美国因干旱造成粮食供应危机，接下来应该分别说明这两个地方的情况，而第五段已给出答案[A]，即对美国地下水位下降的担忧，那么前面几段就应该讨论的是中东地区，而[B]描述的正是中东地区的情况，第一句The situation is most serious in the Middle East中的the situation指的就是上文最后一句提出的问题，地下水水位过度开采至水峰值，导致地下水无法自行补充，并且粮食产量也逐年减少，这一句起到了承上启下的作用。然后在第二句列举了中东地区出现该现象的四个国家：沙特阿拉伯、叙利亚、伊拉克和也门。并在第三句和第四句详细说明了第一个国家沙特的蓄水层耗竭，缩减了粮食产量。因此[B]为答案。
第43题
________
参考答案： C
详细解答： 作者在第二段列举了四个国家，分别是沙特阿拉伯、叙利亚、伊拉克和也门，并已概括了第一个国家沙特的情况。而[C]指出了叙利亚、伊拉克和伊朗的粮食产量下降问题。该项内容与上文刚好衔接，显然符合上下文逻辑关系，故为答案。
第44题
________
参考答案： G
详细解答： 前一段最后一句提到伊朗由于灌溉水井开始干涸，粮食产量在2007年至2012年间下降了10％。而本段第一句和第二句进一步指出伊朗出现这一现象的原因是由于受到过度开采而导致水源缩减的影响。由此可见，本段与上文构成顺承关系。另外，第二段列举了四个水源供应已达峰值并开始下降的国家：沙特阿拉伯、叙利亚、伊拉克和也门，并说明了沙特的问题。而第三段继续指出叙利亚、伊拉克和伊朗这三个国家的粮食产量下降问题。本段表明也门在过去的35年里粮食减产一半。从内容上看，本段也是与上文一脉相承的，故答案是[G]。
第45题
________
参考答案： F
详细解答： 上一段是题目已给出的段落[A]，提到美国地下水位的下降令人担忧，并指出“由于蓄水层被耗尽，并且灌溉用水被引至城市，人口迅速增长的美国农业大州灌溉面积在缩小。”本段则讲的是美国农民正过度开采主要产粮州的地下水，这些州(德州、俄克拉何马州、堪萨斯州和内布拉斯加州)的灌溉用水水源是奥加拉拉蓄水层，这个蓄水层一旦耗尽，水井会干涸，农民要么退回到旱地耕作，要么完全放弃耕作，然后指出四个州的灌溉面积在下降。本段的内容明显是对上一段内容的具体说明，故[F]为答案。
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(46~50/共5题)Part C
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)
(46) A favourite prediction of environmentalism has bitten the dust—too many natural resources, rather than too few, are the cause of an increasing number of wars in the 21st century.(47)Many greens had predicted that the new century would see a rash of wars in countries where natural resources such as timber, water, minerals and fertile soils are running out. But far from it, says the 2002 State of the World report from the prestigious Washington-based think-tank, the Worldwatch Institute. In fact, says the reports co-author Michael Renner, there are numerous places in the developing world where abundant natural resources help fuel conflicts. More than a quarter of current conflicts are either being fought over, or are funded by, some lucrative natural resource. Examples cited by the Worldwatch Institute include -Diamond mines in Sierra Leone and Angola making the two African nations ripe for plunder by warlords -Profits from sapphires, rubies and timber arming the Khmer Rouge in their interminable jungle war in Cambodia -Guerillas using the threat of sabotage to extort hundreds of millions of dollars from oil companies prospecting in Colombia -Opium funding 20 years of war in Afghanistan -The Congos continuing civil war subsisting on the proceeds of elephant tusks and coltan, a vital mineral in the manufacture of mobile phones With the end of the cold war, superpowers no longer fund civil wars for their own geopolitical ends, says Renner. Their place has been taken by the market—in the form of the plunder and sale of natural resources.(48)Natures bounty attracts groups that may claim they are driven by grievance, but which initiate violence not to overthrow a government but to gain and maintain control of lucrative resources, says Renner. Such resource wars are being fought because of greed rather than need.(49)According to David Keen at the London School of Economics We tend to regard conflict as simply a breakdown in a particular system, rather than as the emergence of another, alternative system of profit and powers i.e. a conflict economy with the looting of natural resources at its heart. Renner warns that warlords in such conflicts have no interest in winning the war, because its continuance is more profitable.(50)And he says too many Western governments are happy to turn a blind eye as their own corporations reap the benefits in cheap no-questions-asked raw materials. Renner argues the issue of resource conflicts should be added to the agenda of the forthcoming World Summit on Sustainable Development to be held in Johannesburg in August 2002.
第46题
_____
参考答案： 环境保护主义的美好预言已经失灵—自然资源过多，而不是过少，是21世纪战争频发的起因。
详细解答： 此句是复合句，破折号连接两个分句组成。句架是…prediction of...has bitten the dust—too many natural resources...are the cause of...wars...。破折号后面的分句用来解释前一分句的原因。句中bite the dust做阵亡或以失败告终讲。又如：All hopes that we would succeed bit the dust．(我们成功的希望全部落空了)。
第47题
______
参考答案： 许多(保护自然生态环境的)绿色人士预料，在新世纪，在木材、水、矿产和肥沃土壤等自然资源即将耗尽的国家将爆发一系列战争。
详细解答： 这是一个主从复合句。句架是Many greens had predicted that the new century would see a rash of wars in countries where natural resources...are running out。句中that引导的分句，是predict的宾语从句；宾语从句中，where是关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰countries；a rash of作短时期内爆发的一系列(未曾料到的坏事)讲。
第48题
_______
参考答案： 伦纳说：大自然的慷慨吸引了这样一些集团，它们可能声称自己是受愤愤不平的心情驱使，但是由此引起的暴力不是为了推翻一个政府，而是为了获得和保有对可赚钱的资源的控制权。
详细解答： 这是一个主从复合句。句架是Renner says...bounty attracts groups that may claim (that) they are driven by grievance, but which initiate violence not to...but to...。引号中的所有内容都是says的宾语。在宾语从句中，主句是bounty attracts groups，从that开始是关系代词that所引导的定语从句，用来修饰groups；在该定语从句中，they are driven by grievance是claim的宾语从句，连词that被省略，而which指代they are driven by grievance的句意，引起带有转折意义的非限定性定语从句。句中bounty意为慷慨，大方。lucrative意为赚钱的。
第49题
______
参考答案： 据伦敦经济学院的戴维.基恩说：我们倾向于认为冲突只不过是某种制度的崩溃，而不是另一种可供选择的利润和权力制度的出现，即以掠夺自然资源为核心的经济冲突的出现。
详细解答： 这是一个主从复合句，句架是According to David Keen...：We tend to regard conflict as...a break down...，rather than as the emergence of...，i.e. a conflict economy with the...。此句中According to David Keen实际意思是David Keen says，因此我们可以将直接引语中的内容视为says的宾语从句。在句中，主要搞清tend to regard conflict as...，rather than as...的意思。i.e.=that is，是用来进一步说明conflict的。句中conflict economy作经济冲突讲。looting作掠夺讲。
第50题
_____
参考答案： 他说，很多西方政府乐于在本国的公司从价格低廉且无人提出疑议的原料中获利时熟视无睹。
详细解答： 这是一个主从复合句。句架是...he says(that)...governments are happy to turn a blind eye as their own corporations reap the benefits in...。句中says后面是省略了连词that的宾语从句，在宾语从句中as引导时间状语从句。turn a blind eye(to)假装看不见，不去注意。例如：To our surprise，the headmaster turned a blind eye to the bad behavior of his pupils．(使我们惊讶的是校长对他们学校学生们的不良行为居然熟视无睹)。no-questions asked意为无人提出疑议的。reap是获得的意思。
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(1/1)Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
Directions: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10
points)
第51题
Write a letter to invite a friend, Michelle, to travel abroad with you. In the letter, you should
1) tell her the reason(s) you intend to travel,
2) what´ s your plan for the travel, and
3) explain the reason(s) you invite her.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
_____________
参考答案： Dear Michelle, I haven´ t seen you for a long time. How are you going I hope everything is OK. I´ m writing because I intend to travel to America and I am wondering if you would like to go with me. According to my plan, I will stay in Los Angeles for a whole week and I would like you to accompany me because I know you are in a bad mood recently. Traveling abroad may help you ease your mind. In addition, my English is not as good as yours, so you can help me a lot while we are in Los Angeles. Please think about my suggestion and let me know whatever your decision is.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
详细解答：
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(1/1)Part B
Directions: Write an essay of 160 - 200 words based on the following information. (20 points)
第52题
Study the following drawings carefully and write an essay to
1) describe the drawings,
2) interpret their meaning, and
3) give your comments.
You should write 160-200 words neatly.
图片
_____________________参考答案： This set of pictures show some vivid scenes of the primary school childrens life in China. As the author points out in the Chinese descriptions, some things in school life are excessive while others are insufficient. There are too much homework and too little sleeping time, too many make-up classes and too little after-class freedom, too many tests and too little time for entertainment, too much tuition and few rational fees. What does the author mean by drawing such pictures In my opinion, he aims at criticizing some wrong practice in our primary education the schools put too much stress on intellect that they overlook the health of the students. It is known to all that primary education plays a vital role in ones life. What our country and the society need are all round developed students who can shoulder the task of socialist construction in the future. Therefore, instead of stressing book knowledge, due attention should be paid the childrens moral, intellectual and physical development. Its high time to free the school children from their heavy burdens.
详细解答：
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