读音规则全

英语读音规则

一、英语语音名词解释

1．音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位。一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（但[m] [n] [ŋ] [l]例外。它们可以分别和其它辅音在单词末尾构成自成音节。如：pencil / ´pensǀ/ lesson /´ǀesn /）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。

2．音节的划分

①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。

例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter

②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。

例如：长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther

　　　短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er

3．重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。

4．开音节

①相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。

例如：name cake these eve bike write home note ex-cuse huge

②绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。

例如： he she we secret hi no ba-by stu-dent why

● 开音节读长音，即原因字母本身的音。

5．闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：bag egg fish not cup put

闭音节读短音：a/æ/ e/e/ i /I/ o/ɒ/ u/ʌ/或/ʊ/

6．双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。

例如：´stu-dent ´Chi-na ´sec-ond ´au-tumn in-´deed

含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。

例如：a´bout be´fore ex´cuse re´pair for-´get-ful in´ven-tor

7．多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。

例如：´el-e-phant de´velopment dis´covery

词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词，在它们之前的一个音节上重读。

例如：scien´tific im´pression ´nation edu´cation

8.不符合规则的词

● every 从拼写形式上看有三个元字组，但从读音上看只有两个元音，故这个词只有两个音节。中间一个字母e不发音，该词的音节划分方式为eve-ry。

● celebrate(cel-e-brate)

划分音节时不能把字组拆分到两个音节中去（chil-dren)；br pr bl pl等辅音连缀有时要当作字组来对待，即具有不可分割性；有时又要考虑到词的来源或其他原因而不被当作字组来对待（ward-room、Feb-ru-ar-y)。

          Catholic rhetoric

9.字母、字组和字群

字母指的是26个字母。字母是构成英文书写的最小单位，单词中的字母和单词读音中的各个音素并不存在对应关系。其中a e i o u 为元音字母，y 为半元音字母，其余为辅音字母。

字组指的是一个或几个字母（字母组合）在起，发一个共同的音素。字组是英语单词发音的基本单位，通常一个字组对应该一个音素。字组分为元字组和辅字组两种。

字群是指几个字组在同一个音节里发两个以上的音素。（如：-tion -sion –sten -stle -ought）

学习英语应该尽早识记字组，即三十多个元字组，和三十多个辅字组，以字组为基本单位本记忆单词。

10.元字组

元字组指的是：元音字母和元音字组。

元音字母有五个：Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu。元音字母数量虽少，但出现的频率高。

元音字组由两个或三个元音字母组合而成，少数几个辅音字母（r l w y)也可以和元音字母一起组成元音字组。

二、 元音字母在重读音节中的读音

元音字母 读 音 例 词

a 在开音节中 [e I] name plane Jane baby cake

在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back

e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese

在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg

i 在开音节中 [a I] bike fly drive time nice kite

在闭音节中 [I] fish big drink sit milk swim

o 在开音节中 [əʊ] those close go hoe home no

在闭音节中 [ ɒ ] clock not box shop sock

  在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday

在闭音节中 [ʌ] bus cup jump much lunch

在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，

例如：June blue ruler super

● 特例：

1. vogue range paste plague change strange taste waste ache waste opaque这些单词中的th ng gu ch st qu都被看作一个整体，都被看作一个辅音字母，其中的元音字母按开音节规则发音。

2. many[e] any[e]

English[i] pretty[i]

policeman[i:] machine[i:] 以上这两个词源自法语，保留法语发音。fatigue[i:]

3.下面这两个词保留了古英语的发音 live[i] give[i]

4.to[u:] do[u:] movie [u:]

woman[u] wolf[u] roller[əʊ] colour [ʌ]

put[u] Bush[u] cushion[u]

● 元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

元音字母 读 音 例 词

a在[w]音后面 [ ɒ ] want what watch wash quality water

a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father

i在-nd -ld和gh前 [aI] find child light high

o在-st -ld前 [əʊ] most postcard old cold

o在m n v th前 [ʌ] come monkey love mother

wane[ei] wake[ei]是开音节词，wag[æ]是闭音节词。

三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

元音字母 读 音 例 词

a [ ə ] China another woman breakfast

[ I ] orange comrade village cabbage

e [ ə ] hundred student open weekend

[ I ] chicken pocket begin children

i [ə ] / [ I ] holiday beautiful family animal

[aI ] exercise satellite

o [ ə ] second tonight somebody welcome

[əʊ ] also zero photo

u [ ə ] autumn diffcult

[ju(:)] popular congratulation January

动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate

u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue

在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[ə]音，也可以读作[i]音。

个别词有例外。

 四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组 读 音 例 词

ar [α:] car farm dark sharpener

ar在[w]音后面 [ɔ:] warm quarter towards

or [ɔ :] forty morning short

or在[w]音后面 [ɜ:] word worker worse

er ir ur [ɜ:] certainly bird Thursday

辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节, 而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如： carry sorry hurry

● -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[ə]音，

例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday

（有例外）

五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组 读 音 例 词

are [eə] care dare hare

ere [ə ] here mere

ire [ aIə] fire hire wire

ore [ɔ:] more score before

ure [juə ] pure cure

are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[ə ]音，

例如：picture pleasure

　　重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。

例如：parent zero story during inspiring

六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组 读 音 例 词

ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play

air [εə] air hair chair pair repair

al [ɔ: ] small ball talk wall all

[ɔ :l] always also salt almost

在f m前 [α:] half calm

au/aw [ɔ :] autumn daughter draw

ea [i:] teach easy cheap please

[e] heavy bread sweater weather

[ei] break great

ear [Iə] hear dear near clear year

[εə ] bear pear wear swear

[ɜ:] earth learn early

ee [i:] jeep week green three

eer [iə ] pioneer deer beer

ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they

[i:] either key

eu/ew在j l r s后 [ju:] new few newspaper

[u:] flew brew jewelry

ie/ei [s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive

oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal

oar/oor [ :] roar board door floor

oi/oy [ i] noise point boy toilet

oo [u:] broom food tooth school

[u] book look cook foot good

ou/ow [au] flower house count down

[ou] know row throw though

[ ] young country enough

[u:] group you soup 6-28

our [ :] course your four 6-29

[au ] our hour ours 6-30

[ :] journey 6-31

ui

在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition 6-32

[u:] juice fruit suit 6-33

6-07 ea的另外两种发音

Se´attle这个词中的ea并不是个字母组合，双写辅音字母强调其前面的单个元音字母a是重读音节，而且是个闭音节。

[i ] idea really [/] beautiful

6-16 either[i:]美语发音 ei发[i:]音的例词很少。

6-20 abroad[ :] oasis[ ´eisis] oa并未构成元字组，不在同一音节。

6-26 knowledge [´n li ]长音短化现象

ou/ow的另一种发音[ :]，cough thought

七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词 编 号

ai/ay ei/ey [i] Sunday foreign monkey 7-01

ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow 7-02

元音字组在非重读音节中读[ ]音或[i]。

例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee 7-03

-sion -tion [ n] impression nation 7-04

-sion在元音字母后 [ n] vision decision occasion 7-05

-tion在s后 [ n] question suggestion 7-06

-sten [sn] listen 7-07

-stle [sl] whistle 7-08

-sure [ ] pleasure measure 7-09

-ture [ ] picture culture 7-10

八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

　　复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。

例如：

　　everyday[ei]

　　handbag[æ]

　　blackboard[ :] 8-01

　　有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。

例如：

　　sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 ＞ Sunday[i] 星期天

　　holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 ＞ holiday[i] 假日

　　break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 ＞ breakfast[ ] 早餐

　　cup茶杯 + board木板[ :] ＞ cupboard[ ] 碗柜 8-02

九、辅字组的读音

辅字组 读 音 例 词 编 号

b [b] bike bus bag 9-01

[/] bomb tomb  9-02

c

c在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music 9-03

[s] face decide cinema 9-04

ch [ ] much chick rich teacher 9-05

[k] school headache chemistry 9-06

[ ] machine Chicago 9-07

-ck [k] cock pocket black knock 9-08

d [d] doctor bread hand day 9-09

-dge [ ] bridge fridge 9-10

dr- [dr] children driver drink 9-11

f [f] five four breakfast 9-12

g

g在e i/y前 [ ] bag gardon go 9-13

[ ] orange large German 9-14

gh [f] cough enough 9-15

[/] light daughter high 9-16

gu- -gue [ ] guess league dialogue guitar 9-17

[ w] language anguish 9-18

h [h] hot head house hand 9-19

j [ ] jeep jar joke join July 9-21

k [k] kind bike skate make week 9-22

kn- [n] knife know knock 9-23

l [l] life milk school tall 9-24

m [m] monkey come autumn 9-25

-mn [m] autumn column solemn 9-26

n

n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note 9-27

[ ] uncle thank hungry 9-28

-ng [ ] morning young wrong 9-29

p [p] paper plane pig ship pen 9-30

ph [f] elephant photo telephone 9-31

q [k] Iraq 9-32

qu- [kw] quality quite 9-33

r [r] red rubber ruler 9-34

s在词首或清辅音前

元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk 9-35

[z] music husband 9-36

sc- [sk] scarlet 9-37

[s] muscle science 9-38

sh [ ] she fish shirt wash 9-39

t在通常情况下

[/] hour honest 9-20

在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet 9-40

[ ] patient nation 9-41

tch [ ] watch 9-42

th在通常情况下

在冠词 代词 介词 连词中

在词尾-the -ther中 [θ] thin thirty method 9-43

[ ] the these with than 9-44

[ ] clothe father weather 9-45

tr- [tr] tree train country truck 9-46

v [v] very voice love leave 9-47

w [w] week win wake sweet wait 9-48

[/] answer two 9-49

wh-

wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why 9-50

[h] who whose whole 9-51

x

在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise 9-52

[gz] examle exist exact 9-53

wr- [r] write 9-54

y- [j] yes yard yellow young 9-55

z [z] puzzle zero zoo 9-56

不符合规则的词

9-13 get girl give gird girder girdle gink gimp gimme

9-14 和字母k一样，g在字母n前面通常不发音，也可把gn-看成一个辅字组：

gnarl gnar gnash gnat gnathic gnathism gnaw gnome gnomic gnu

单词字母g也有不发音的现象： diaphragm

9-56 seizure[ ]

1 元音:

1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie

three tree green sheep meet beef see seek

eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please

he she me piece receive ceiling

2) [i] 发音字母 i y e

sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss

myth many twenty happy dictionary

defect decide delicious

3) [] 发音字母 a

bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man

4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a

head bread pleasure

elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes

many any

5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear ur or

girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird

turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger

learn earn earth heard

term her nerd serve

work worm work world

6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u

teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder

doctor actor mayor author tractor

delicious gracious pleasure

familiar collar dollar

together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china

men listen

famulus Saturday

7) [a:] 字母组合 ar a

car farm card arm garden

fast class last glass plant aunt calm

8) [] 发音字母 u o ou oo

up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus

come mother dose brother love above

trouble rough flourish

blood flood

9) []字母组合 al or au our ar

small wall talk tall hall ball call walk

short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store

author caught autumn

four mourn court bought

warm quarrel quarter

10) [] 发音字母 o a

hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not

want wash

11) [u:] 字母组合 oo o u

food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth

shoe do two

true truth blue full

12) [u] 字母组合 oo ou u o

look good foot book

should could

put full bull pull push

women whose

13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey

name cake late gate plane April

play say may way

great break

rain paint plain

they grey

14) [ai] 发音字母 i y

bike fine find die nine light night high

my try fly eye

15) [au] 字母组合 ou ow

house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse

flower down now cow how town

16) [εu] 发音字母 o ow oa

home cold go no phone host ghost

know low below grow blow show flow

boat coat goal

17) [] 字母组合oy oi

boy toy joy

oil soil voice choice

18) [iε] 字母组合 eer

beer deer ear idea near here fierce

19) [] 字母组合ear air

pear bear chair air fair care there where

20) [uε] hour tour poor flower shower

2 容易混淆的元音

[A] [e]

bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said

[i：] [ei]

real rail greet great mean main read raid

[e] [ai]

bet bite red write said side head hide

[aU] [R：]

house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn

[aU] [Q]

found fond down done gown gone town ton

3辅音

1) [p] pen pear play pig pour pull push

2) [b] book big boot bike bread break

3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city

4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary

5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k)

card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c)

fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x)

school schedule schema (字母组合ch)

6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language

7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb

8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean

9) [N] uncle bank English think thank junk

sing king morning evening

10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black

world cold could goal soul

11) [r] read red right run room write

12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife

cough laugh rough physic photo phone

13) [v] very evening even every voice vest of

14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s)

license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c)

licence piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce)

15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap

close nose hose suppose pause those whose

16) [W] think thank three thirty tooth mouth

17) [T] that this those these though

18) [F] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash

nation attention station

social special

sure

19) [V] pleasure

20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who

21) [w] when what where window wind wood

22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow

23) [tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach

24) [dV] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge

joy enjoy join July June junk

25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk

26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink

27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts

28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods

4容易混淆的辅音

[v] [w]

vest west vet wet vine wine very well

[s] [W]

sink think mass math miss myth sort sought

[z] [T]

close cloth breeze breathe

[n] [N]

thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing

添加一点:

9) []字母组合 al or au our ar aw

small wall talk tall hall ball call walk

short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store

author caught autumn

four mourn court bought

warm quarrel quarter

draw saw flaw

23) [tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch teach (字母组合ch）

catch watch match （字母组合tch)

5 字母，组合音节发音规律

1）a [ei] [?] [[] [a:] [R]

late private grade bake grape nation station page

active hand bank fan parent family glad flag

accept about above formative machine cinema

fast last glass class past father

wash what watch want

2）e [i:] [e] [i] [[] 不发音

appreciate extremely secret she me he

letter left message generate pebble

decide pretty previous result restore

problem prosperous student confident

active table late wife store lecture

3）i [ai] [i]

high price library ice cream wife size line

fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit

4）o [[J] [J:] [Q] [[] [R]

lode host cold note okay old home

lose do who whose prove

love some other mother honey company

today tomorrow together control collect

lost hot mock office soft honest

5）u [ju] [u] [Q] [[]

university refuse unique universe huge

put push pull full bull

but brush bucket duck bubble

support suggest

6）c [k] [s]

country camp camera courage cable

city ceiling celebrate cell cease

7）g [g] [dV] [N]

girl grade glass glade bag flag

village vegetable bridge gentleman gym

long song sing morning evening

8) l [l] 读音不同

listen learn language collect English gorilla

world cold soil tall sell cool animal

9) n [n] [N]

moon night noodle number

uncle hungry angry young

10) r [r] [[](美语发音)

right read write grade progress

card board door floor form north

11）y [j] [i] [ai]

yellow year yell young yolk

university country pretty happy

dyke dying fly buy by my

12）ar [a:] [[] [R:]

farm card garden mark

dollar

warm quarrel quarter

13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [i[]

cease season breathe feature meat please

bread breast breath meadow weather

great break

idea realize

14) ear [[:] [i[]

learn earth earn heard

hear near clear ear fear

15) er [[:] [[] [i[]

deserve serve her person

teacher driver anger singer

serious experience mysterious fierce

16） ere [i[] [Z[]

here mere fere sere

there

17) ir [[:] [ai]

shirt girl skirt

admire desire

18) oo [u:] [u] [Q] [R:]

room tool cool moon noon goof food

good foot stood wood wool cook wood book

blood flood

door floor

19) or [ R:] [[:] [[]

short form corn born for

work world worm word worst

tractor doctor actor sector senior senator

20) oor [ R:] [J[]

door floor

moor poor boor

21) our [J[] [R:]

hour tour flour bourn lour

pour court four mourn

22) ou [au] [Q] [[]

house mouth mouse sound found

enough trouble touch

delicious gracious prosperous

23) ow [[J] [au]

window meadow know show low

now town how down cow

24) se [z] [s]

nose suppose gose lose pose rose

mouse house

25) th [W] [T]

thank think thought cloth

clothes that this then than

26) sion [F[n] [V[n]

propulsion tension progression passion

protrusion provision conclusion television

27) tion [F[n] [ tF[n](不常见)

station nation translation attention

question

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