True / False Questions:
1. T / F – The basic unit of dispatching in an operating system is usually referred to as a thread or lightweight process.操作系统的基本单位调度,通常称为一个轻量级线程或线程
ANS: T
2. T / F – An example of a system that implements a single process with multiple threads is MS-DOS.MS-DOS操作系统是一个单一进程具有多线程的例子.
ANS: F (Java)
3. T / F – In a multithreaded environment, a process is defined as the unit of resource allocation and a unit of protection.
ANS: T
4. T / F – The concept of thread synchronization is required in multithreaded systems because threads of a single process share the process’s process control block (PCB).线程同步的概念是一个多线程系统所必需的,因为单一进程的线程共享进程的进程控制块(PCB). F(因为他们有着相同地址空间)
ANS: F (because they share the same address space)
5. T / F – In a pure User-Level Thread (ULT) facility, all of the work of thread management is done by the application, but the kernel is aware of the existence of threads.在纯用户级线程(ULT)设备中,所有线程管理的工作都是由应用程序负责、 但内核知道他们的存在.F(内核是不知道线程的存在)
ANS: F (kernel is not aware of the threads existence)
6. T / F – In the field of distributed operating system design, the One-to-Many (Thread-to-Process) relationship is particularly interesting because it involves the concept of thread migration.
ANS: T
7. T / F – One disadvantage to the master/slave shared-memory multiprocessor architecture is that the failure of the master brings down the whole system.
ANS: T
8. T / F – In a symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) system, each processor has access only to a private main memory area.
在对称多处理系统(SMP)中,每个处理器进入到各自独立的内存领域.
F (还获得了内存共享)
ANS: F (also have access to a shared main memory)
9. T / F – An SMP O/S manages processor and other resources so that the user may view the system in the same fashion as a multiprogramming uniprocessor system.
ANS: T
10. T / F – The primary advantage of the basic microkernel design over layered kernel designs involves increased performance.(性能)
内核层设计的基本微内核的主要的优点包括提高性能.F（性能降低）
ANS: F (performance is a disadvantage)
11. T / F – The philosophy underlying the microkernel is that only absolutely essential core operating system functions should be in the kernel.
ANS: T
12. T / F – The basic form of communication between processes or threads in a microkernel O/S is messages.
ANS: T
13. T / F – Linux makes no distinction between a process and a thread.
ANS: T
14. T / F – Windows 2000 is an object-oriented O/S, but only processes (not threads) are implemented as objects in the WIN2K O/S.
Windows 2000是一个面向对象的操作系统,但在WIN2K系统中只有进程(非线程)是 执行的对象
ANS: F (threads are also implemented as objects)
15. T / F – In the Solaris O/S, a User-Level Thread (ULT) in the active state is assigned to a Light-Weight Process (LWP) and executes while the underlying kernel thread executes.
ANS: T
Multiple Choice Questions:
1. The concept of a process in an operating system embodies two primary characteristics, one of which is:操作系统中进程的概念,体现了两个主要特点的,其中之一是
a. Multithreading
b. Resource ownership
c. Symmetric multiprocessing
d. None of the above
ANS: B
2. An example of a system that implements a single process with multiple threads is:
a. WIN 2000
b. Solaris
c. Java
d. All of the above
ANS: C
3. Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between processes and threads:
a. It takes far less time to create a new thread in an existing process than to create a new process在现有的进程下创建线程要比建一个新进程下创建线程花的时间要少得多
b. It takes less time to terminate a process than a thread
c. It takes less time to switch between two different processes than to switch between two threads within the same process
d. All of the above
ANS: A
4. The basic thread operation related to the change in thread state that occurs when a thread needs to wait for an event is referred to as the:
线程基本状态发生变化,需要等待一个事件时称为
a. Unblock operation
b. Spawn operation
c. Block operation 阻塞状态
d. None of the above
ANS: C
5. One of the disadvantages of User-Level Threads (ULTs) compared to Kernel-Level Threads (KLTs) is:
a. Scheduling is application specific
b. When a ULT executes a system call, all threads in the process are blocked 当一个ULT执行一个系统调用,进程中所有的线程都被阻塞
c. Thread switching does not require kernel mode privileges
d. All of the above
ANS: B
6. In the Linux O/S, multiple threads may be created and executed within a single process. This is an example of the following Thread-to-Process relationship:
a. 1:1
b. 1:M
c. M:N
d. None of the above
ANS: D (M:1)
7. The computer system category where a single processor executes a single instruction stream to operate on data stored in a single memory is called:
a. Single Instruction Single Data (SISD) stream 单指令单数据(SISD)流
b. Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) stream
c. Multiple Instruction Single Data (MISD) stream
d. None of the above
ANS: A
8. In a SMP system, each processor maintains a local cache and must alert all other processors that a change to cache update has taken place. This is referred to as the:
a. Interconnection mechanism problem
b. Synchronization mechanism problem
c. Cache coherency problem高速缓存一致
d. None of the above
ANS: C
9. Key issues involved in the design of multiprocessor operating systems include:
设计多处理机操作系统的关键问题包括
a. Scheduling
b. Synchronization
c. Reliability and fault tolerance
d. All of the above
ANS: D
10. Early operating systems that were designed with little concern about structure are typically referred to as:
a. Monolithic operating systems 单片机操作系统
b. Layered operating systems
c. Kernel operating systems
d. All of the above
ANS: A
11. A benefit of the microkernel organization is:
a. Extensibility
b. Portability
c. Flexibility
d. All of the above
ANS: D
12. In low-level microkernel memory management, an example of an operation that can support external paging and virtual memory management is the:
a. Grant operation
b. Map operation
c. Flush operation
d. All of the above
ANS: D
13. In a W2K system, the state that a thread enters when it has been unblocked and the resource for which it has been blocked is not yet available is called the:
a. Transition state
b. Waiting state
c. Standby state
d. None of the above
ANS: A
14. In a Solaris system, a User-Level Thread (ULT) that enters the active state is assigned to a:
a. Kernel thread
b. Heavy-Weight Process (HWP)
c. Light-Weight Process (LWP)
d. None of the above
ANS: C
15. In a Linux system, when a new process is cloned, the two processes share the same:
a. Process identifier
b. Virtual memory
c. task_struct data structure
d. All of the above
ANS: B
Fill-In-The-Blank Questions:
1. In an operating system, the unit of dispatching is usually referred to as a ___________________, while the unit of resource ownership is usually referred to as a process or task.
ANS: thread or lightweight process
2. An example of an operating system that supports a single user process and a single thread is _______________.
ANS: MS-DOS
3. An example of an operating system that supports multiple user processes and multiple threads is _______________.
ANS: WIN2K/Solaris/Linux/Mach/OS2
4. It is necessary to ___________________ the activities of various threads so they do not interfere with each other or corrupt data structures.
ANS: synchronize
5. A process that cannot execute until some event occurs is said to be in the _______________ state.
ANS: blocked
6. The Clouds O/S implements the concept of a thread as primarily an entity that can move among address spaces which represents the _______ Thread-to-Process relationship.
ANS: One-to-Many
7. In a ________________ system, the kernel can execute on any processor, and typically each processor does self-scheduling from the pool of available processes or threads.
ANS: symmetric multiprocessor
8. In most modern computer systems, processors generally have at least one level of __________________ that is private to the processor.
ANS: cache memory
9. With multiple active processes in an SMP system having potential access to shared address space or shared I/O resources, care must be taken to provide effective _________________.
ANS: synchronization
10. In the ________________ O/S architecture, functions are organized hierarchically and interaction only takes place between adjacent sections.
ANS: layered
11. One advantage of the microkernel architecture is __________________, allowing the addition of new services as well as the provision of multiple services in the same functional area.
ANS: extensibility
12. The basic form of communication between processes or threads in a microkernel O/S is __________________ .
ANS: messages
13. In a Linux system, if the process has been terminated but, for some reason, still must have its task structure in the process table is in the _____________ state.
ANS: zombie
14. In a Solaris system, a User-Level Thread (ULT) in the active state is assigned to a(n) ____________________, and executes while the underlying kernel thread executes.
ANS: light-weight process (LWP)
15. In a Windows 2000 system, a process that has been selected to run next on a particular process moves from the Ready state to the _____________ state.
ANS: Standby
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